CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

IMPORTANT FORMULAS & CONCEPTS

The word ‘trigonometry’ is derived from the Greek words ‘tri’ (meaning three), ‘gon’ (meaning sides) and
‘metron’ (meaning measure). In fact, trigonometry is the study of relationships between the sides and angles
of a triangle.

Trigonometric Ratios (T - Ratios) of an acute angle of a right triangle

In XOY-plane, let a revolving line OP starting from OX, trace out XOP=
From P (x, y)draw PM to OX.
In right angled triangle OMP. OM = x (Adjacent side); PM = y (opposite side); OP = r (hypotenuse).

Opposite side y Hypotenuse r

sin    cos ec  
Hypotenuse r Opposite side y
Adjacent Side x Hypotenuse r
cos    sec   
Hypotenuse r Adjacent Side x
Opposite side y Adjacent Side x
tan    cot   
Adjacent Side x Opposite side y

Reciprocal Relations
1 1
sin   cos ec 
cos ec sin 
1 1
cos   sec  
sec  cos 
1 1
tan   cot  
cot  tan 
Quotient Relations
sin  cos 
tan   and cot  
cos  sin 
Remark 1 : sin q is read as the “sine of angle q” and it should never be interpreted as the product
of ‘sin’ and ‘q’
Remark 2 : Notation : (sin )2 is written as sin2 (read “sin square q’’) Similarly (sin )n is
written as sinn (read ‘‘sin nth power q’’ ), n being a positive integer.
Note : (sin )2 should not be written as sin 2 or as sin2 2
Remark 3 : Trigonometric ratios depend only on the value of  and are independent of the
lengths of the sides of the right angled triangle.

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 Trigonometric ratios of Complementary angles.
sin (90 – ) = cos  cos (90 – ) = sin 
tan (90 – ) = cot  cot (90 – ) = tan 
sec (90 – ) = cosec  cosec (90 –) = sec .

Trigonometric ratios for angle of measure.

00, 300,450, 600 and 900 in tabular form.

A 00 300 450 600 900

1 1 3
sinA 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cosA 1 0
2 2 2
1
tanA 0 1 3 Not defined
3
2
cosecA Not defined 2 2 1
3
2
secA 1 2 2 Not defined
3
1
cotA Not defined 3 1 0
3

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle is said to be a trigonometric identity if it is
satisfied for all values of for which the given trigonometric ratios are defined.
Identity (1) : sin2+ cos2= 1
 sin2= 1 – cos2and cos2= 1 – sin2.
Identity (2) : sec2= 1 + tan2
 sec2– tan2= 1 and tan2= sec2– 1.
Identity (3) : cosec2= 1 + cot2
 cosec2– cot2= 1 and cot2= cosec2– 1.

SOME TIPS

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 Note: csc  is same as cos ec .

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 MCQ WORKSHEET-I
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1. In  OPQ, right-angled at P, OP = 7 cm and OQ – PQ = 1 cm, then the values of sin Q.

7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25

24
2. If sin A = , then the value of cosA is
25
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25

3. In  ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 5 cm and ACB = 30° then the length of the side BC is
(a) 5 3 (b) 2 3 (c) 10 cm (d) none of these

4. In  ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 5 cm and ACB = 30° then the length of the side AC is
(a) 5 3 (b) 2 3 (c) 10 cm (d) none of these

2 tan 300
5. The value of is
1  tan 2 300
(a) sin 60° (b) cos 60° (c) tan 60° (d) sin 30°

1  tan 2 450
6. The value of is
1  tan 2 450
(a) tan 90° (b) 1 (c) sin 45° (d) 0

7. sin 2A = 2 sin A is true when A =

(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°

2 tan 300
8. The value of is
1  tan 2 300
(a) sin 60° (b) cos 60° (c) tan 60° (d) sin 30°

9. 9 sec2 A – 9 tan2 A =
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 0

10. (1 + tanA + secA ) (1 + cotA – cosecA ) =

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –1

11. (sec A + tan A) (1 – sin A) =

(a) sec A (b) sin A (c) cosec A (d) cos A

1  tan 2 A
12. =
1  cot 2 A
(a) sec2 A (b) –1 (c) cot2 A (d) tan2 A

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 MCQ WORKSHEET-II
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1. If sin 3A = cos (A – 26°), where 3A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

(a) 290 (b) 300 (c) 260 (d) 360

2. If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

(a) 290 (b) 300 (c) 260 (d) none of these

3. If sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°), where 4A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

(a) 220 (b) 250 (c) 260 (d) none of these

4. The value of tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° is
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 0

5. If ABC is right angled at C, then the value of cos(A + B) is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.

 sin 2 220  sin 2 680 

6. The value of the expression  2 0 2 0
 sin 2 630  cos 630 sin 27 0  is
 cos 22  cos 68 
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

24
7. If cos A = , then the value of sinA is
25
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25

8. If ABC is right angled at B, then the value of cos(A + C) is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.

4
9. If tanA = , then the value of cosA is
3
3 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
5 3

10. If ABC is right angled at C, in which AB = 29 units, BC = 21 units and ABC = .

Determine the values of cos2 + sin2 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.

11. In a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if tan A = 1, then the value of 2 sin A cos A =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.

12. Given 15 cot A = 8, then sin A =

3 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
5 3

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 MCQ WORKSHEET-III
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1. In a triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm, then the value of sin P is

7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25

2. In a triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, PQ = 3 cm and PR = 6 cm, then QPR =

(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°

1 1
3. If sin (A – B) = and cos(A + B) = , then the value of A and B, respectively are
2 2
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these

4. If sin (A – B) = 1 and cos(A + B) = 1, then the value of A and B, respectively are

(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these

1
5. If tan (A – B) = and tan (A + B) = 3 , then the value of A and B, respectively are
3
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these

3
6. If cos (A – B) = and sin (A + B) = 1, then the value of A and B, respectively are
2
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 60° and 30° (d) none of these

7. The value of 2cos2 600  3sin 2 450  3sin 2 300  2 cos 2 900 is
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 5/4 (d) none of these

8. sin 2A = 2 sin AcosA is true when A =

(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) any angle

9. sin A = cosA is true when A =

(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) any angle

1
10. If sinA = , then the value of 3cosA – 4cos3A is
2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.

11. If 3cotA = 4, then the value of cos2A – sin2A is

3 7 24
(a) (b) (c) ½ (d)
4 25 25

3sin A  2 cos A
12. If 3tanA = 4, then the value of is
3sin A  2 cos A
7 24
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d)
25 25

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 MCQ WORKSHEET-IV
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1. Value of  , for sin 2  1, where 00    900 is:

(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 1350.

2. Value of sec2260 – cot2640 is:

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2

3. Product tan10.tan20.tan30……tan890 is:

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 90

4. 1  tan 2  is equal to:

(a) cot  (b) cos  (c) cos ec (d) sec 

3
5. If A + B = 900, cot B = then tanA is equal to;
4
3 4 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 4 3

1
6. Maximum value of , 00    900 is:
cos ec
1
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d)
2

1 1
7. If cos   , sin   then value of    is
2 2
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 1200.

8. If Sin (A + B) = 1 = cos(A – B) then

(a) A = B = 900 (b) A = B = 00 (c) A = B = 450 (d) A = 2B

9. The value of sin600cos300 – cos600sin300 is

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) none of these

10. The value of 2sin 2 300  3cos 2 450  tan 2 600  3sin 2 900 is
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) none of these

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

1 cos ec 2θ  sec 2 θ
1. If tan   , what is the value of ?
5 cos ec 2θ  sec 2 θ

4 sin θ tan θ  1
2. If sin   , find the value of .
5 2 tan 2 θ
1 2 sec A
3. If cosA = , find the value of .
2 1  tan 2 A
3
4. If sin θ  , find the value of all T– ratios of θ .
2
7
5. If cos θ  , find the value of all T– ratios of θ .
25
15
6. If tanθ  , find the value of all T– ratios of θ .
8

7. If cot θ  2 , find the value of all T– ratios of θ .

8. If cosec θ  10 , find the value of all T– ratios of θ .

4 7
9. If tan θ  , show that (sin θ + cosθ) = .
3 5
5 (sinθ - 2cosθ) 12
10. If secθ  , show that = .
4 (tanθ - cotθ) 7

1 (cos ec 2θ - s ec 2θ) 3
11. If tan θ  , show that  .
7 (cos ec 2θ + s ec 2θ) 4

 sinθ 
12. If cos ecθ = 2 , show that cotθ + 2.
 1+cosθ 

5 tan θ sin θ
13. If sec θ = , verify that 2
 .
4 (1+tan θ) secθ

14. If cos θ = 0.6 , show that (5sinθ - 3tanθ)=0 .

15. In a triangle ACB, right-angled at C, in which AB = 29 units, BC = 21 units and ABC = .

Determine the values of (i) cos2 + sin2 (ii) cos2– sin2
16. In a triangle ABC, right-angled at B, in which AB = 12 cm and BC = 5cm. Find the value of
cosA, cosecA, cosC and cosecC.
17. In a triangle ABC, B = 900, AB = 24 cm and BC = 7 cm. Find (i) SinA, CosA (ii) SinC, CosC.

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
T – RATIOS OF SOME PARTICULAR ANGLES

Evaluate each of the following:

1. sin 600 cos 300  cos 600 sin 300

2. cos 600 cos 300  sin 600 sin 300

3. cos 450 cos 300  sin 450 sin 300

4. sin 600 sin 450  cos 600 cos 450

sin 300 cot 450 sin 600 cos 300

5.   
cos 450 sec 600 tan 450 sin 900
tan 2 600  4 cos 2 450  3cos ec 2 600  2cos 2 900
6.
7
2cos ec300  3sec 600  cot 2 300
3
7. 4(sin 4 300  cos4 600 )  3(cos2 450  sin 2 900 )  5cos2 900
4 1
8. 2 0
 2 0  2 cos 2 450  sin 2 00
cot 30 sin 30

1 1 1
9. 2 0
 3 0  tan 2 450  8sin 2 900
cos 30 sin 30 2

3 1
10. cot 2 300  2cos 2 300  sec 2 450  cos ec 2 300
4 4

11. (sin 2 300  4 cot 2 450  sec 2 600 )(cos ec 2 450 sec 2 300 )

12. In right triangle ABC, B = 900, AB = 3cm and AC = 6cm. Find C and A.

13. If A = 300, verify that:

2 tan A 1  tan 2 A 2 tan A
(i) sin 2 A  2
(ii) cos 2 A  2
(iii) tan 2 A 
1  tan A 1  tan A 1  tan 2 A

14. If A = 450, verify that

(i) sin2A = 2sinAcosA (ii) cos2A = 2cos2A – 1 = 1 – 2sin2A

1  cos 2 A 1
15. Using the formula, cos A  , find the value of cos300, it being given that cos600 =
2 2
1  cos 2 A 1
16. Using the formula, sin A  , find the value of sin300, it being given that cos600 =
2 2

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 2 tan A
17. Using the formula, tan 2 A  2
, find the value of tan600, it being given that
1  tan A
1
tan 300  .
3
1 1
18. If sin (A – B) = and cos(A + B) = , then find the value of A and B.
2 2
19. If sin (A + B) = 1 and cos(A – B) = 1, then find the value of A and B.
1
20. If tan (A – B) = and tan (A + B) = 3 , then find the value of A and B.
3
3
21. If cos (A – B) = and sin (A + B) = 1, then find the value of A and B.
2
1 1 tan A  tan B
22. If A and B are acute angles such that tanA = , tanB = and tan( A  B)  ,
3 2 1  tan A tan B
show that A + B = 450.

23. If A = B = 450, verify that:

a) sin(A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
b) sin(A – B) = sinAcosB – cosAsinB
c) cos(A + B) = cosAcosB – sinAsinB
d) cos(A – B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB
tan A  tan B
e) tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
f) tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B

24. If A = 600 and B = 300, verify that:

a) sin(A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
b) sin(A – B) = sinAcosB – cosAsinB
c) cos(A + B) = cosAcosB – sinAsinB
d) cos(A – B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB
tan A  tan B
e) tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
f) tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
25. Evaluate:
3
sin 2 450  cos ec 2 300  cos 600  tan 2 600
4
1
sin 300  cos 2 600  sec 2 450
2

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
T – RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES

1. Evaluate: cotθ tan(900 – θ) – sec (900 – θ) cosecθ + (sin2250 + sin2650) + √3 (tan50. tan150.
tan300. tan750. tan850).

secθ cos ec(900  θ)  tan θ cot(900  θ)  (sin 2 350  sin 2 550 )

2. Evaluate without using tables:
tan100 tan 200 tan 450 tan 700 tan 800

sec 2 54 0  cot 2 36 0
3. Evaluate:  2 sin 2 380 sec 2 52 0  sin 2 450 .
cos ec 2 57 0  tan 2 330
4. Express sin670 + cos750 in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 00 and 450.

5. If sin4A = cos(A – 200), where A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

BC  A
6. If A, B and C are the interior angles of triangle ABC, prove that tan    cot
 2  2
 B C  A
7. If A, B, C are interior angles of a ABC , then show that cos   sin .
 2  2

 AC  B
8. If A, B, C are interior angles of a ABC , then show that cos ec   sec .
 2  2
 B A C
9. If A, B, C are interior angles of a ABC , then show that cot   tan .
 2  2
0
cos 70
10. Without using trigonometric tables, find the value of 0
 cos 57 0 cos ec330  2 cos 60 0.
sin 20
11. If sec4A = cosec(A – 200), where 4A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

12. If tan 2A = cot (A – 400), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

13. Evaluate tan100tan150tan750tan800

 sin 2 220  sin 2 680 

14. Evaluate:  2 0 2 0
 sin 2 630  cos 630 sin 27 0 
 cos 22  cos 68 
15. Express tan600 + cos460 in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 00 and 450.

16. Express sec510 + cosec250 in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 00 and 450.

17. Express cot770 + sin540 in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 00 and 450.

18. If tan 3A = cot (3A – 600), where 3A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

19. If sin2A = cos(A + 360), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

20. If cosecA = sec(A – 100), where A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

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21. If sin5 = cos4, where 5 and 4 are acute angles, find the value of .

22. If tan 2A = cot (A – 180), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

23. If tan2 = cot( + 60), where 2 and  + 60 are acute angles, find the value of .

24. Evaluate:
2sin 680 2 cot150 3 tan 450 tan 200 tan 400 tan 500 tan 700
 
cos 220 5 tan 750 5
25. Evaluate:
cos(900   ) sec(900   ) tan  tan(900   )
 2
cos ec (900   ) sin(900   ) cot(900   ) cot 

26. Evaluate:
sin180
cos 720 
 3 tan100 tan 300 tan 400 tan 500 tan 800 
27. Evaluate:
3cos 550 4(cos 700 cos ec 200 )

7sin 350 7(tan 50 tan 250 tan 450 tan 650 tan 850 )

28. Evaluate:
cos 2 400  cos2 500
cos(400   )  sin(500   ) 
sin 2 400  sin 2 500

0 tan A tan B  tan A cot B sin 2 B

29. If A + B = 90 , prove that   tan A
sin A sec B cos 2 A

30. If cos2 = sin4, where 2 and 4 are acute angles, find the value of .

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

cos θ sin θ
1. Prove that   sin θ  cos θ .
1  tan θ 1  cot θ

1  sin θ 1  cos θ  1
2. Prove that    .
2 1  cos θ sin θ  sin θ

tan 3  cot 3 
3. Prove that:   sec cos ec  2 sin  cos
1  tan 2  1  cot 2 
tan A cot A
4. Prove that:   1  tan A  cot A  1  sec A cos ecA .
1  cot A 1  tan A

1  sin A  cos A 1  cos A

5. Prove that:. 
1  sin A  cos A 1  cos A

6. Prove that (tanA + cosecB)2 – (cotB – secA)2 = 2tanA cot B (cosecA + secB).

cos A 1  sin A
7. Prove that:   2 sec A .
1  sin A cos A

cos A  sin A  1
8. Prove that:  cos ecA  cot A .
cos A  sin A  1
sin A  cos A sin A  cos A 2 2 2
9. Prove that:     .
sin A  cos A sin A  cos A sin A  cos A 2sin A  1 1  2 cos 2 A
2 2 2

sin A sin A
10. Prove that  2 .
cot A  cos ecA cot A  cos ecA

sec A  1 sec A  1
11. Prove that   2 cos ecA .
sec A  1 sec A  1

1 1 1 1
12. Prove that:    .
cos ecA  cot A sin A sin A cos ecA  cot A

tan θ  secθ -1 1+sinθ

13. Prove that:  secθ  tan θ =
tan θ -secθ +1 cosθ

14. If x = a sin   b cos  and y = a cos   b sin  , prove that x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 .

 m2  1 
15. If sec   tan   m , show that  2   sin  .
 m  1 

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 1  cos   sin  1  sin 
16. Prove that:  .
1  cos   sin  cos 
17. Prove that sec 4 A(1  sin 4 A)  2 tan 2 A  1

2/3 2/ 3
18. If cos ec  sin   m and sec   cos   n , prove that  m2 n  
 mn 2  1

19. If tan   sin   m and tan   sin   n , show that m2  n 2  4 mn

20. If a cos   b sin   c , prove that  a sin   b cos     a 2  b 2  c 2

21. If cos   sin   2 cos , prove that cos   sin   2 sin 

x y  x y   x2 y2 
22. If  sin θ  cos θ   1 and  cos θ  sin θ   1 , prove that  2  2 2
a b  a b  a b 

2
23. If  tan   sin    m and  tan   sin    n prove that  m2  n 2   16mn

24. If cos ec  sin   a 3 and s ec  cos   b 3 , prove that a 2b 2 (a 2  b 2 )  1

25. If a cos 3   3a sin 2  cos   m and a sin 3   3a sin  cos 2   n , prove that
2/3
 m  n   (m  n) 2 / 3  2a 2/ 3

26. Prove that sec 2   cos ec 2  tan   cot  .

sin   cos   1 1
27. Prove the identity:  .
sin   cos   1 sec   tan 

28. Prove the identity: sec6  = tan6  + 3 tan2  .sec2  +1.

29. Prove the identity: (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + secA)2 = 7 + tan2A + cot2A.

30. If x sin 3 θ + ycos3θ = sinθcosθ and xsinθ = ycosθ , prove that x 2  y 2  1 .

1 1
31. If sec  = x + , Prove that sec  + tan  = 2x or .
4x 2x

 1  1  1
32. Prove that 1  2 1  2  2 4
.
 tan A  cot A  sin A  sin A

2 /3 2/3
33. If cot + tan = x and sec  cos = y , prove that  x 2 y   
 xy 2  1.

cos  cos 
34. If  m and  n , show that (m 2  n 2 ) cos 2   n 2 .
cos  sin 

35. If cosec – sin = a and sec – cos = b, prove that a2b2(a2 + b2 + 3) = 1

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 135 -

36. If x = rsinAcosC, y = rsinAsinC and z = rcosA, prove that r2 = x2 + y2 + z2.

2m2  1
37. If tanA = n tanB and sinA = msinB, prove that cos A  2 .
n 1

38. If sin + sin2 = 1, find the value of cos12 + 3cos10 + 3cos8 + cos6 + 2cos4 + 2cos2 – 2..

39. Prove that: (1 – sin + cos)2 = 2(1 + cos)(1 – sin)

40. If sin + sin2 = 1, prove that cos2 + cos4 = 1.

41. If asec + btan + c = 0 and psec + qtan + r = 0, prove that (br – qc)2 – (pc – ar)2 = (aq – bp)2.

42. If sin + sin2 + sin3 = 1, then prove that cos6 – 4cos4 + 8cos2 = 4.

43. If tan2 = 1 – a2, prove that sec + tan3cosec = (2 – a2)3/2.

44. If x = asec + btan and y = atan + bsec, prove that x2 – y2 = a2 – b2.

45. If 3sin + 5cos = 5, prove that 5sin – 3cos =  3.

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 136 -