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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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21 views3 pages

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Uploaded by

munirbonaya325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Munir Bonaya

22/08511

Make up CAT on STI'S

Introduction

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted through sexual contact. They pose a
significant public health concern worldwide, affecting individuals of all ages, genders, and sexual
orientations. This document aims to provide an overview of four common STDs, including their
causes, symptoms, complications, and preventive measures. It is important to note that STDs can
have severe consequences if left untreated, underscoring the importance of education and
awareness.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):

HIV is a viral infection that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T-cells),
which play a crucial role in fighting infections. The virus is primarily transmitted through unprotected
sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, or from an infected mother to her child during
childbirth or breastfeeding.

Symptoms:

Early stages of HIV may present flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, and swollen
lymph nodes.

As the infection progresses, the immune system weakens, leading to opportunistic infections and
diseases.

Complications:

If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), where the
immune system becomes severely compromised, making the individual susceptible to life-
threatening infections and cancers.

Prevention:

Practicing safe sex by using condoms or dental dams consistently and correctly.

Avoiding the sharing of needles or syringes.

Getting regularly tested for HIV and encouraging partners to do the same.

Chlamydia:
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the
most common STDs and often goes unnoticed as it may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early
stages.

Symptoms:

In many cases, individuals with chlamydia may remain asymptomatic.

When symptoms occur, they may include abnormal genital discharge, painful urination, and pelvic
pain in women.

Complications:

If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to serious reproductive health issues, such as pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID) in women, potentially causing infertility.

Prevention:

Practicing safe sex by using condoms or dental dams consistently and correctly.

Regularly screening for chlamydia, especially for sexually active young individuals.

Gonorrhea:

Gonorrhea is another bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily
affects the genital tract but can also infect the rectum, throat, and eyes.

Symptoms:

Like chlamydia, gonorrhea can be asymptomatic in some cases.

When symptoms are present, they may include painful urination, abnormal genital discharge, and in
females, pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Complications:

Untreated gonorrhea can lead to PID in women, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancies and
infertility.

The infection can also spread through the bloodstream, causing systemic complications.

Prevention:

Using condoms or dental dams consistently and correctly during sexual activity.

Regularly screening for gonorrhea, especially in high-risk individuals.


Syphilis:

Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. It


progresses in stages, each with distinct symptoms and potential complications.

Symptoms:

Primary syphilis:

Characterized by the appearance of a painless sore (chancre) at the site of infection, which may go
unnoticed.

Secondary syphilis: Develops a few weeks after the appearance of the chancre and presents with a
rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and flu-like symptoms.

Latent syphilis: In this stage, the infection remains dormant and may not cause any noticeable
symptoms.

Tertiary syphilis: If left untreated, syphilis can progress to this stage, causing severe complications like
cardiovascular and neurologic problems.

Complications:

Untreated syphilis can have severe consequences on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, leading
to potential organ damage and even death.

Prevention:

Practicing safe sex by using condoms or dental dams consistently and correctly.

Regularly screening for syphilis, especially in high-risk individuals.

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