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Types of Transformer Cooling

Cooling of transformers is essential to dissipate heat generated from copper and iron losses, with methods varying based on size and application. Air-cooled and oil-cooled transformers utilize different techniques such as natural and forced circulation to maintain efficiency, with synthetic oils being an eco-friendly option. Specialized cooling solutions are also available for transformers with complex designs, ensuring optimal performance in various environments.

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8 views2 pages

Types of Transformer Cooling

Cooling of transformers is essential to dissipate heat generated from copper and iron losses, with methods varying based on size and application. Air-cooled and oil-cooled transformers utilize different techniques such as natural and forced circulation to maintain efficiency, with synthetic oils being an eco-friendly option. Specialized cooling solutions are also available for transformers with complex designs, ensuring optimal performance in various environments.

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Naukri update
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Cooling of transformers is the process by which heat generated in the transformer is

dissipated to maintain efficient operation and prevent overheating. Heat is produced


mainly due to copper losses (in windings) and iron losses (in the core). Various cooling
methods are used depending on transformer size, application, and environmental
conditions.

Air-cooled transformers do not use any liquid for cooling; instead, they rely on air
circulation for heat dissipation.

Air Natural (AN)


 Transformer is cooled by natural air circulation around it.
 Suitable for small distribution transformers.
 Heat transfer occurs through convection and radiation.

Air Forced (AF)


 Forced air circulation using external fans and blowers to increase cooling
efficiency.
 Used in dry-type transformers where liquid cooling is not preferred.
 Commonly used in indoor applications and enclosed spaces.

Oil-cooled transformers use insulating oil for better heat dissipation. Oil transfers heat
from the core and windings to the external cooling medium (air or water).

Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN)


 Core and windings are immersed in mineral oil.
 Heat is dissipated through natural convection in the oil and surrounding air.
 Used in small to medium-sized transformers.

Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)


 Heat transfer occurs naturally in the oil but forced air circulation is used to
accelerate cooling.
 External fans are mounted on the radiator fins to improve heat dissipation.
 Commonly used in power transformers where additional cooling is needed during
peak loads.

Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)


 Oil is circulated using pumps, and air is forced using blowers.
 Provides enhanced cooling efficiency for high-capacity transformers.
 Commonly used in large substations and grid transformers.
Oil Natural Water Forced (ONWF)
 Heat is transferred from oil to water through heat exchangers.
 Water circulation is forced using pumps to improve cooling.
 Suitable for transformers operating in areas with high ambient temperatures.

Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)


 Both oil and water are circulated using pumps.
 Oil-to-water heat exchangers are used for effective cooling.
 Used in extremely high-power applications such as power plants and industrial
substations.

In some applications, synthetic oil (instead of mineral oil) is used due to environmental
and fire safety concerns.

Non-Mineral Oil Natural Air Natural (KNAN)


 Similar to ONAN but uses synthetic oil with better fire-resistant and biodegradable
properties.
 Used in eco-friendly transformers and sensitive applications like hospitals and
underground substations.

Non-Mineral Oil Natural Air Forced (KNAF)


 Similar to ONAF but with synthetic oil and forced air circulation.
 Used in areas requiring higher fire resistance and safety standards.

Apart from conventional cooling techniques, some transformers require specialized


cooling solutions.

Oil Directed Air Forced (ODAF)


 Oil flow is directed to specific parts of the transformer using pumps.
 Air is circulated forcefully using fans.
 Used in transformers with complex winding structures where targeted cooling is
required.

Oil Directed Water Forced (ODWF)


 Similar to OFWF but with directed oil flow.
 Ensures precise cooling of winding and core areas with high heat generation.
 Commonly used in large industrial transformers.

Choosing the right cooling method depends on transformer size, power rating, and
environmental factors.
Dry-type transformers (AN & AF) are used in enclosed areas, whereas oil-cooled
transformers (ONAN, ONAF, OFAF, ONWF, OFWF) are used in high-voltage
applications. For eco-friendly alternatives, synthetic oil-based cooling methods (KNAN,
KNAF) are gaining popularity.

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