Problem 01 Find the shape of the rectangle of maximum perimeter inscribed in a circle. Solution 01 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution Perimeter of rectangle, fo™ P=2xr+2y Where: ( 2 z= Dcosé@ QA y= Dsind P= 2Dcos6+ 2Dsin0 dP — = -—2Dsin@+ 2Dcos?=0 dé —sin@ + cos? = 0 sin @ = cosé sind cos8 tand=1 6 = 45° x = Dcos45° = 0.707D y = Dsin45° = 0.707D x =y (square) answer IProblem 02 A cylinder is inscribed in a given sphere. Find the shape of the cylinder if its convex surface area is a maximum. Solution 02 ;- » Click here to show or hide the solution Convex surface area of cylinder, Az=ndh Where: h d= Dcos@ h=Dsing LUBE A = 1(Dcos6)(Dsin 6) A = D?rcos@sin@ dA — = D'n(cos? 6 — sin? @) = 0 do sin? 9 = cos’ 6 tan?@=1 6 = 45° d= Dcos45° = 0.707D h = Dsin45° =0.707D diameter = height answerproblem 3 Find the weight of the heaviest circular cylinder can be cut from a 16-1b shot. solution 03 Glick here to show or hide the solution A shot Is In the form ofa sphere and the cylinder is the eylinder of maximum. From the figure yrhis Is also the fgure used in Solution 02: 8 v= And? V, = ind?h Lae l/ u Where: —— d= Devs? = h=Dsine d Thus, Vz = }m(Dcos 6)*(sin@) V, = 4 D'rcos* Osind Ve ze 4D ¥r[c0s? O(cos 0) + sin (—2.cos 8 sin) | ae 4Din(cos* 0 — 2sin? 0 cos) = 0 2sin® @cos 6 = cos! @ 2sin? @ = cos? @ sin’9 1 cost 6 2D 1 tan?@=} 1 tan@ a ron to%(8) (4) D> ~ Maximum volume of cylinder Votune snot phere frat = x(0/2) Weight is proportional to the volume, so we Ww vO WGProblem 4 The stiffness of a rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the cube of the depth. Find the shape of the stiffest beam that can be cut froma log of a given size. Solution 4 > v Click here to show or hide the solution ——— — Stiffness, b k= Be Where: b = Dcosé : | ) q d= Dsiné e kk = D' cos sin’ @ dl dé 3cos? 0 — sin? @ =0 sin? @ = 3cos? 6 tan? @=3 tan0 = V3 @= 60° b= Dcos60° = 4D d= Dsin60° = 4,/3D depth = /3 x breadth oh D'‘(3 cos? 0 sin? # — sin! 6) = 0 answerProblem 5 The strength of rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the square of the depth. Find the shape of the strongest beam that can be cut from a log of given size. Solution 5 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution Strength, b S=bd? Where: b= Dcosé q d= Dsin@ i S = D* cos @sin” 0 S = D* cos @(1 — cos” 6) S = D¥(cosé — cos? @) 5 = D¥(- sind+ 3cos? 6 sin 6) =0 —1+3cos?0=0 cos’ @ = 4 cos = wa b= Deos6 = qP d= Dsind= Vp 2 2 v3 4 depth = 2 x breadth answerProblem 06 A trapezoidal gutter is to be made, from a strip of metal 22 inches wide by bending up the edges. If the base is 14 inches wide, what width across the top gives the greatest carrying capacity. Solution 06 - ~ Click here to show or hide the solution A; = 14(4sin @) = 56sin0 Ag = +(4 cos @)(4 sin #) = 8 cos sin 8 A=A,+2A2 A = 56sin @ + 2(8 cos 6 sin 6) dA 7 = 56cos0 + 16(cos” @ — sin? #) = 0 7cos 0 + 2[ cos” 6 — (1 — cos? @)] =0 4cos* 6+ 7cos#—2=0 (4cos@— 1)(cos@ +2) =0 for 4cos?—1=0 cos@= 1/4 for cos6+2=0 cos @ = —2 = (meaningless) use cos@= 1/4 a= 14+ 2(4cos@) = 14 4+ 8(1/4) a = 16 inches answer a 4cos8, 14 ,4c0s8 14 Qus »Problem 07 Solve Problem 06, if the strip is 13 inches wide and the base width 7 inches. Solution 07 + Click here to show or hide the solution A; = 7(3sin6) = 21sin@ a Ay = $(3cos 6)(3 sin @) =4.5cos@sind |3058 7 \3c0sé A = 21sin@ + 2(4.5 cos @sin@) 8 : s = & = 21 cos 6 + 9(cos” @ — sin” 6) = 0 Tcos6 + 3[ cos? @ — (1 — cos? #)] = 0 6 cos’ 6 + Tcos8 —3 =0 (3cos@ — 1)(2cos6+3) =0 for 3cos9—-1=0 cos? = 1/3 for 2cos9+3=0 cos@ = —3/2 = (meaningless) use cos 6 = 1/3 a=7+2(3cos@) = 7 + 6(1/3) a =9 inches answerProblem 08 Solve Problem 06 if the strip is 9 inches wide and the base width 3 inches. Solution 08 — + Click ; hia jis A, = 3(3sin@) = 9sin9 Ag = 1(3 cos 0)(3sin 0) =4.5cos@sin@ 2 A= Aj +2Ap A = 9sin 6 + 2(4.5 cos @sin 0) dA we 90s 0 + 9(cos” @ — sin? #) = 0 cos 6 + [cos? 8 — (1 — cos? @)] = 0 2cos* 6 + cos#—1=0 (2cos @ — 1)(cos#+1)=0 for 2cos@—1=0 cosO = 1/2 for cos8+1=0 cos@ = —1 (meaningless) use cos@ = 1/2 a=3+42(3cos@) = 3 + 6(1/2) a=6 inches answer a 3 cos 8 a 30s 6 ous €Problem 09 Salve Problema 06, ifthe st\p width is w and the bese with b, Solution 09 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution Rae ® 2 =}(w—b) cos b= dw-t)sind 4 wb} cos]| H(w —b) sind] E(u —b)?sin9cos8 A= AL+2Ay A= $b (u—b)sind + 2 H(w— 8) sin@ cos] (w— 8)?(c0s* @— sin? 8) 2heowd + (w — b)[cos?@ — (1 —cos"é)] = 0 2w — b) cos? + 2bcos 9 — (w — 9 $o(w 5) cos + By quadratic formula: A= 2iw-b);B=2b; C=-(w-b) tb JET Sw OE cos = Seay _ tht ay a cos) = = VE TTC P ‘Zw — b) p_ rh ve eae b= ve aw BP cos Fo 8) we = By oa = VETTE sreaninges = ‘Zw — b) - Use cong = et VP Faw =P wb) 6+ 2 4(-b+ VF FAO } = 31-64 FF TWHBF] answerProblem ‘A gutter whose cross-section is trapezoidal is to be made of galvanized iron sheet of 24 m wide. Ifits carrying capacity is maximum, find the dimension of the base, A 4m B 6m c 8m D, 10m Solution Click here to show or hide the solution. A=2|(4y cos6)(y sind)] + (24 — 2y)(y sind) A= }y?(2cossin8) + 2dy sind — 2y? sind A= 4y?sin20 + dy sind — 2y? sind — eg.(1) yeos@ 24-2y yeas From eq. (1) oA . ; By = 9 sin 28 + A sind — dy sind = 0 y(2sinOcos8) + 2dsin# — dy sind = 0 y.cosO+12—2y=0 B cos = cosa = 24-9) og. y From eq. (1) oA pp = #00528 + 2dy cos 8 — 2y? cosd = 0 y(2cos? @— 1) + 24 cos — 2y cosd = 0 2y cos? 4 — y+ 24 cos — 2y cosd = 0 Substitute cos 8 of eq. (2) 2 29 2 | yl (9) —2y [ y 2y ("| -v+ SH) 5) _ay-6)=0 8(y-6)? _ 48(y—6) _ Seat BUD sy) =0 8(y — 6)? — 9? + 48(y — 6) — dy(y — 6) =0 8(y? — 12y + 36) — y? + (48y — 288) — (4y? — 24y) = 0 8y? — 96y + 288 — y? + 48y — 288 — dy? + 2dy = 0 3y? — 2dy = 0 y=8m Width of base =24-2(8)=8m Answer: [C]Problem 10 Find the largest conical tent that can be constructed having a given slant height. Solution 10 ;- v Click here to show or hide the solution V= har? h Where: h=ssiné r=scos0 V = 41s cos? @sind V = }7s3(1 —sin? 0) sin6 V= ins? (sin @ — sin’ @) dv an ims*(cosd — 3sin? @cos é)=0 cos @ — 3sin? @cos@ = 0 1-3sin?@=0 sin? 6 = 1/3 sin@ = /1/3 = 1/v3 h=ssind = wa r=scos?= Vs answerProblem 11 A gutter having a triangular cross-section is to be made by bending a strip of tin in the middle. Find the angle between the sides when the carrying capacity is to a maximum. Solution 11 — «Click 1 gener A= 4(41)(41) sind A= 41 sing u2 dA i174 7 zl’ cos@ = 0 cos @ = 0 @ = 90° answerProblem 12 Find the altitude of the circular cone of maximum convex surface inscribed a sphere of radius a Solution 12 - Click here to show or hide the solution Tr =acos? h= asin? +a=a(siné +1) Jae [alsin d+ 1) P + (acos 6 = J@EndT Ip a cord = a/GmdF IPF cos? O Ii 24 Den 11) Lormd L = ay/(sin? 6+ 2sind +1) + cos? @ E = ay/(sin? @ + 2sind + 1) + cos? @ L = ay/2sind + 1 + (sin? @ + cos? 8) L=aysm0F141 L=ay3sind= Convex area of cone: Ap =aL Ay, = n(a00s8) (ay2sind + 2) Ay = ma? cos vTsnOFD Qeosé na? (cose Goes —sind/2amOF2 2) 0 2V2smd+2 sinV2sind +2 O(2sind +2) 1 — sin? @=2Qsin? 4+ 2sin9 3sin? 4+ 2sind—1=0 (3sind — 1)(sind+ 1) =0 for 3sind-1=0 sind for sind+1=0 sind =—1 ~ (meaningless) 1/3 h=a(sin@ +1) h=a(¥+)) $a answerSolution 13, + Click here to show or hide the solution | Volume of cone Vea yh ‘Where: =acosé h=asin@ + a= a(sind +1) |Ve 1x(a cos 6)?[a(sin@ + 1) Ve = 47a" cos? (sin @ + 1) SE = tra { cos? (cos) + (sin 8+ 1)[2c089(—sin8)|} = 0 cos @ — 2 sin 8 cos 6(sin@ + 1) =0 cos? 6 — 2sin (sin @ +1) =0 | (1 sin? 6) — 2sin? @ — 2sin@ = 0 1—3sin? @ — 2sin@ = 0 3sin’ 6+ 2sin@—1=0 (3sin 9 — 1)(sin@ +1) =0 for | 3sin@-1=0 sind = 1/3 for | sing+1=0 sin@=—1 ~ (meaningless) | use sind = 1/3 2 [Wem bm (22) (441) 4) 1 Ve = Braé ae Volume of sphere: Vs = 4na* V, Material saved = — x 100% | Baad Material saved = “— x 100% dna Material saved = 29.63% (about 30%) answerProblem 14 A wall 10 ft high is 8 ft from the house. Find the length of the shortest ladder that will reach the house, when one end rests on the ground outside the wall. Solution 14 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution a=10cscé b= 8secO L=a+b L = Wescé + 8sec 8 aL do 8secftan @ = 10 csc @ cot 8 «(cs) (28) -9(c) (3) cos @ cos6 sin sind sin'@ 5 cote) 4 tan? @ = 5/4 tan6 = \/5/4 6 = 47.13" = —10csc@ cot @ + 8&sec Atand =0 L = 10csc 47.13" 4+ 8sec 47.13" 10 8 = Snd7e * cosd713° L=25.4 ft answerProblem 15 Solve Problem 14, if the height of the wall is 6 and its distance from the house is c. Solution 15 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution w= besc@ y=csecO EL=xr+y EL = besc@+csecé dL a —bcscOcot@ + csec@tané = 0 csec @tan@ = besc@coté 1 sin? 5 1 cos @ © \ cos cosO } sin® sin@ sin’ 6 6 cos’@ b tan? @ = — bls Ws 8 = 1/3 ZA E = besc@+ esecd JPR + ah JB + 28 b=b\" as _) +¢\" aa PA /RB + 23 + 2/3./RR + ai (02/3 + @/3) /U2/3 4 ¢2/3 (B28 + 2/3) (B2/3 + e/3)12 L= b= b= b= (bs + 2/3) 3/2 answerProblem 16 A light is to be placed above the center of a circular area of radius a. What height gives the best illumination on a circular walk surrounding the area? (When light from a point source strikes a surface obliquely, the intensity of illumination is ksin@ ae where Gis the angle of incidence and d the distance from the source.) db Solution 16 here to show or hide the solution ksin€ ee From the figure: k 00s" 6 sind @ k — (1 — sin? 4) sing @ koe 3 T= (sind — sin 6) F = A (cos — asin? 6 cos0) @ cos @ — 3sin? @ cos? =0 1-3sin?@=0 sin? @ = 1/3 sind = 1//3 B 4 1 tand = h W aProblem 17 Aman in a motorboat at A receives a message at noon, calling him to B. A bus making 40 miles per hour leaves C, bound for B, at 1:00 PM. If AC = 30 miles, what must be the speed of the boat, to enable the man to catch the bus? Solution 17 + Click here to show or hide the solution w= 30tand 5 = 30secd [\text{Time}{\text{boat}} = \text{Time}_{\text{bus} +1 Note: time = distance / rate Let r = rate of boat Thus, se 2af41 r a0 30sec6 _ 30tand | r 40 30sec 6 3tand —— = +1 r 4 30sec6 3tand+4 rl p= 120sec8 Btand+4 dr _ (Stand + 4)(120 sec tan 6) ~ 120secO(3sec” 8) _ a6 (8tan0 +4)? = 120 sec 9tan 6(3tan 6 + 4) — 360sec? 4 = 0 tan 6(3tan6 +4) — 3sec?@ =0 3tan? 0+ 4tan9— 3(1 + tan? @) = 0 3tan?@+4tan9—3—3tan?9=0 4tan@—3=0 tan = 3/4 pa 120sec0 ; 3tand+4 ra 120(5/4) 4 3(3/4) +4 r= 24 miles perhour answerProblem 18 Solve Problem 17, if AC = 20 miles and the bus makes 50 miles per hour, Jeaving C at 12:18 PM, bound for B. Solution 18 > Click here to show or hide the solution a= 20tand 5s = 20secO \text{Time}_{\text{boat}} = \text{Time}_{\text{bus} + \frac{18}{60)) Note: time = distance / rate Let r= rate of boat Thus, s_ 2,18 r 50 60 20secd _ 20tand 3 ro (OO 10 1000 sec 6 = 20r tan 6 + 15r 200 sec O = (4tan 0 +3)r __200sec9 "* Gand +3 dr _ (4tan6 + 3)(200secd tan) — 200 sec O(4sec” 0) _ 0 oO (4tan@ +3)? 7 200 sec@ tan 9 (4 tan@ + 3) — 800sec*@ _ a (4tané@ +3) 200 sec @ tan @ (4tan 0 + 3) — 800sec? 9 = 0 tan 6 (4tan 0 + 3) — 4sec?@ =0 Atan? @ + 3tan9— 4(1 + tan? 4) Atan? @+3tan@—4—4tan?6=0 0 3tand—4=0 tan = 4/3 200 sec 0 "~ Ttand +3 200(5/3) " W473) +3 r=40 miles per hour answerProblem 19 b Aman on an island a miles south of a straight, . beach wishes to reach a point on shore b miles east , | of his present position. If he can row r miles per ve hour and walk w miles per hour, in what direction | should he row, to reach his destination as soon as Figure 57 possible? See Fig. 57. Solution 19 Click here to show or hide the solution Time to row: Time to walk: ba From the figure: z=atané 8 =asec? asec? | b—atan@ r w dt _ asecOtan@ asec’ 0 rr rn asecé tan@ asec?@ _ 9 r a tan@ sec 0 r w sind 1 0 rcos@ w cosé sin 1 rcos@ w cosé answer elsProblem 20 A pole 24 feet long is carried horizontally along a corridor 8 feet wide and into a second corridor at right angles to the first. How wide must the second corridor be? Solution 20 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution a=8sec0 b=wesc? a+b=24 8secO+ wesed = 24 24 -— 8secd ie See escO i: secd = 24 —8 0 csc 0 escO w= 24sing— 9228 cos @ w = 24sin 6 — 8tand dw — = — 2 a 24 cos @ — 8sec* 6 =0 24 cos 0 = 8 sec? 6 Pati ae 8 39 cos’ oa 1 39. cos” 6 = 3 8 = 46.10° w = 24sin 6 — 8tand w = 24sin 46.10° — 8 tan 46.10° w= 8.98 ft answerProblem 21 Solve Problem 20 if the pole is of length L and the first corridor is of width C. Solution 21 ; ~ Click here to show or hide the solution a=Csec8 b= Wescd at+b=L Csec6 + Wesco = L wa La ese8 esed ~_ Lb Csecd We mb cool W = Lsing— 2808 cos W = Lsin9— Ctand EY = Loose —Csec! 9 Leos 6 = C'sec?@ Leosé = gre cos? 8 = + W = Lsin@— Ctané a AO cF wa) oe W=LP8/PR— OR — C2i3./FR_ OR w = (23 — 0%) 128 — C88 w= (De _ or) (i _ oy? W = (24 — 0%/)9? answer (You may check the answer of Problem 20 above by using this formula)Problem 22 Asphere of radius ais dropped into a conical vessel full of water. Find the altitude of the smallest cone that will permit the sphere to be entirely submerged. Solution 22 Glick here to show or hide the solution ‘Volume ofcone: Va daria From the figure: otis @ h=acsc+a h=alcsc0 +1) tang = 7 i r=htané 1 =a(cseé +1) tane V = 4nfa(esc 6 + 1) tan@?[a(escd + 1)] V = yma¥(csc 0 + 1)$ tan? wv wn 4na} ((csc0 + 1)3 (2 tan @ sec” 8) + 3tan? A(csc@ + 1)*(—esebor 2tan é sec? (csc + 1)’ — 3 tan? Pcsc A cot H(csc@ + 1)? = 0 2sec? H(csc 8+ 1) — 3tan Besc@cot 4 = 0 1 1 1 1 2 (are a) (a + 1) -stane (55) (aa) 2 1 1 cos?) \ sind * rno(Sy +1) = 3cos? 8 2+ 2sin@ = 3.cos’d 2+ 2sin@ = 3(1 — sin’@) 3sin? 9 +2sin@—1=0 (3sin@ — 1)(sin@ +1) = 0 for 3sind—1=0 sind = 1/3 for sing+1=0 sin@=—1 ~ (meaningless) use sind = 1/3 h =alcscd +1) 1 n=a(sg+) 1 n=a(Fe+1) h=4a answerProblem 23 A sphere iscut in the form ofa right pyramid with a square base. How much ofthe material can be saved? Solution 23, ~~ Click here ta show or ide the solution ‘volume of pyramid Vp =4ath fe = From the figure: haa a4 asind a(1 + sind) sind = acosé (+ @pPara {acosd)? = 22/2 2? = 2a? cos? Vp (20 cos? )a(1 + sind)] Vp = $o° cos? 6(1 + sin8) Wp 5 a 322° cos? Accs #) + (1 + sin@)(—2ccs sin 4) | cos! 9 — 2eossin@{l + sind) = 0 cos? #— sin (1 + sin8) (1 = sin?) — Bsn 1-2sind— 3sin? (1 —Ssinay(1 + sing) = for 1 Ssne=0 sind = 1/5 for 1+sing=0 sin@= 1 (maaningles) sind = 1/5 Vp = 4a° cos* 6(1 + sin 8) ae a4 4 Ve = 4a°( 5° PC + $) v= He YVotume of phere: Ve=4na! Material sored = ¥2 Material saved = Material saved = 18.86% answerProblem 24 Find the area of the largest rectangle that can be cut from a circular quadrant as in Fig. 76. Figure 76 Solution 24 + Click here to show or hide the solution From the figure: 0.5y =asind y= 2asind 2 +0.5y =acosé & =acos 6 —0.5y x =acos @ — 0.5(2asin 8) a =a(cos— sind) Area of the rectangle: A=ay A = [a(cos@ — sin8) |(2asin@) A = 2a? sin 6(cos 6 — sin) = = 2a2[sin 0(— sin 8 — cos 9) + (cos — sin) cos] = 0 —sin 6(sin @ + cos) + cos @(cos@ — sin@) = 0 —sin? @ — sin cos + cos? @ — sin@ cos 8 = 0 (cos? @ — sin? 6) — 2sin@cos@ =0 cos 20 — sin 20 = 0 sin 26 = cos 20 sin20 _ | cos20 tan20=1 6 = 22.5° A = 2a sin 22.5° (cos 22.5° — sin 22.5°) A=0.4142? answerProblem 25 In Problem 24, draw the graph of A as a function of 8. Indicating the portion of the curve that has a meaning. Solution 25 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution ] From Solution 24: A= 2a” sin (cos 6 — sin @) When dA/dé = 0 (at maximum point): @ = 22.5° = 22.5°(7/180°) = 7/8 rad degree | 0] 11.25° | 225° | 33.75° | 45° 56.25" | 675° | 78.75" | 90° eradian | o] 116 v8 | 3x16 x4 sue | 3x8 | aesis | 2 @degree | 101.25° | 112° | 123.75° | 135° | 146.25" | 157.5° | 168.75" | 180° @ radian 97/16 Sn/B 1116 | 32/4 | 13R/16 | 7/8 159/16 x Area -230.656 | -241.421 | -230.656 | -200 | -154.12 | -100 | 45.8804 | -2.5E-14 | 23625" | 247.5° | 258.75" | 270° | ainié | ins | 23016 | 39/2 | edegree | 191.25" | 202.5° | 213.75" @radian | 1716 | 9x8 | 19v16 30.6563 | 41.42136 | 30.6563 edegree | 281.25" | 292.5" | 303.75° | 315* | 326.25° | 337.5° | 348.75" | 360° eradian | 25x16 | 1308 | 275/16 | 7x/4 | 2on/16 | iswe | sine | 2x ‘Area -230.656 | -241.421 | -230.656 | -200 | -154.12 | -100 | -45.8004 | -4.9€-14 Point of e maximum area =e 41.42 anfie n/aProblem 26 A corridor 4 ft wide opens into a room 100 ft long and 32 ft wide, at the middle of one side. Find the length of the longest thin rod that can be carried horizontally into the room. Solution 26 ~ Click , 7 100 a=AsecO b= 32csc0 Total length of rod: L=at+b L=Asec@ + 32 csc0 dL a 4sec Otané — 32csc cot d= 0 sec Otan 4 — 8csc@cot@=0 sec @tan 4 = 8csc@cotd awa ase) ~* (ara) (se) cos @ \ cos? sind / \siné sin® @ ‘cos tan? 6 =8 tand=2 L=Asec0 + 32 csc 1-1() (9 L= 205 = 44.72 ft answerProblem 27 Solve Problem 26 if the room is 56 feet long. Solution 27 ~ Click} 1 hide the soluti 56 From the figure: E = /30? + 32? £ = 43.86 ft answerProblem 37 Aladder 15 ftlong leans against a vertical wall. If the top slides down at 2 ft/sec, how fast is the angle of elevation of the ladder decreasing, when the lower end is 12 ft from the wall? Solution 37 --~ Click here to show or hide the solution, arent 2. 9 = aresin 15 ove = -2 ft/sec dy/at eB y dt v\2 v'-(#) dy/dt ge dt v\e 1-(%) do dyjdt Ty 1y 1 395 when x = 12 y= Vie —1F = & do dt a9 at a9 dt de a7 do dt do dt do a The negative sign indicates that the angle is decreasing. ma tnagles caeProblem 38 Aship, moving 8 mihr, sails north for 30 min, then turns east. If a searchlight at the point of departure follows the ship, how fast is the light rotating 2 hr after the start. Solution 38 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution @'— orcien 1) 4 @ = arctan 2(t — 0.5) dé 2 a 1+4@—05p after t = 2 hrs do 2 dé 1442-05) do 2 dt 14 4(2.25) do ap 0.2 rad/br answerProblem 39 A balloon, leaving the ground 60 ft from an observer, rises 10 ft/sec. How fast is the angle of elevation of the line of sight increasing, after 8 seconds? Solution 39 ~ » Click here to show or hide the solution - @ = arctan(10t/60) 0 = arctan ht ad & dad i4ig after t = 8 sec WO oe _ @ 15 e®) wo §& Ge dt 44 = do a 0.06 rad/sec answerProblem 40 The base of a right triangle grows 2 ft/sec, the altitude grows 4 ft/sec. If the base and altitude are originally 10 ft and 6 ft, respectively, find the time rate of change of the base angle, when the angle is 45°. Solution 40 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution 6 =arctan See 10 + 2¢ ewe 6 = arctan ozs ra s+t (5 +4)(2) — (3 + 2t)(1) to+m dp (5+ t)? ee (B42) | b+t 10+ 2t —3-2¢ do (5+)? dt (5 +t)? + (34207 (5+ t)? do 7 ad (+e ++ 2p when 6 = 45° 6+4t = 10+ 2t w=4 t=2 sec Thus, do 7 dt (542)? + (3+ 2(2)? da 7 dt 49449 a7 ad 8 do 1 a = ta rad/sec answerAnother Solution y Click here to show or hide the solution t — 6+4t an’ FO + 2b axe— 384+ 2t 5+t 2,d0 (5 +t)(2) — (3 + 2¢)(1) ec* = = dt (5+ 42 1 x d6 10+ 2¢-3-2¢ cos? @ dt (5+t)? @ _ cogigy —_ dt (5+#)? when 6 = 45° 6+4+4t = 10+ 2¢t 2t=4 t=2 sec Thus, do 7 — 245° x ——__ ap OO AB° x Gap dd f(1\(7 at \ ya P dé il 1 a 2*7 4 = a rad/sec (okay!)Problem 44 A rowboat is pushed off from a beach at 8 ft/sec. A man on shore holds a rope, tied to the boat, at a height of 4 ft. Find how fast the angle of elevation of the rope is decreasing, after 1 sec. Solution 44 ;- + Click here to show or hide the solution 6 = arctan(4/8t) d 6 = arctan — ai arctan > : -1(2) de (2t)? dt 4? 1 — *(z) -1 oe dt t 1+ Be dp 1 d ../42+41 on 4 +1 4t2 we dt 42 41 2 da 2 dt 4? +1 after t = 1 sec dp 2 dt 4(?) +1 do Ge rad/sec answer The negative sign indicates that the angle is decreasing.Another Solution ,- ~ Glick here to show or hide the solution ——_+—_+_____ tan 0 = 4/8t 1 tan@= — ee BE d§ —1(2) 2 a ee aE UP 1 @ 1 cos?@ dt Ot? a6 a, 1 Ho O5R after t = 1 sec 8t = 8(1) =8 hypotenuse = \/8° + 4? = 4/5 cos 6 = o “18 do -( 8 ) 1 dt 4/5/ 2(17) 2 zie OLR Ne Ne a le ele rad/sec (okay!)Problem 45 Akite is 60 ft high with 100 ft of cord out. If the kite is moving horizontally 4 mi/hr directly away from the boy flying it, find the rate of change of the angle of elevation of the cord. Solution 45 ;- Click here to show or hide the solution. 4 dx/dt = 4 mifhr = 88/15 fiysec — dx do — 60 dt 2° +3600 when s = 100 ft x = +/100° — 60° x= 80 ft do _ —60(88/15) di 80? + 3600 d9 _ —352 ‘dé 10000 do 22 eGo. tad/sec OB ssijemderessing: answer di 625Another Solution 10 cos 6 = 80/100 = 4/5 w or hide the solution 60 tan@ = — x dx —~60— dé dt 29@— = sec? 0 at Re dz 1 a OR cos? @ dt x do 60cos?6 dz dt x dt When s = 100 ft X = 80 ft (see Solution 45 above) dé 60(4/5)? = =-—__ 88/1 = war * (88/15) dé 22 a6 rad/sec (okay!)Problem 46 A ship, moving ot 8 mifhr, sails east for 2hr, then turns N 30° W. A searchlight, placed at the starting point, follows the ship. Find how fast the lights rotating, (a) 3 hr ater the tart; (b) just after the turn, Solution 46, ~Glickchere to shaw or hide the solution h = 8(¢ — 2) sin 60° n=ae-2)(¥?) h=4V3(t—2) 2 = 8(t— 2) cos 60° 2 = 8(t— 2)(1/2) =4(t-2) 16 — 2 =16~4(¢ 2) b= 16-4t+8=24-4¢ b=46-2) Sanaa ~ esceas VREH 2) Oe enetait ym aici G8) = v3(t-2) @ = arctan tv + v3 - v3 (6-0? 30-2 ee 43 6 4y3 & O-eP 4 3-2 (a) 3hours after thestart, t= 3 0 4v3 a C3 +38 —2F do V3 O48 do 4y3 a& 12 BAB rndsee— ansver GyJustafter theturn,=2 con 43 a ey o 143 @~ +0 do _ 43 dt 16 Og Em AVS rad/sce answerProblem 47 In Problem 46, find when the light rotates most rapidly. Solution 47 ; v Click here to show or hide the solution. The rotation of light is most rapid at the instant when the light is perpendicular to the path of the ship. 8(t — 2) 16 16 cos 60° = 8(t — 2) 8 = 8(t — 2) 1=t-—2 cos 60° = ¢=83 brs answerProblem 48 Prove that the result in Problem 46 and Problem 47 are independent of the speed of the ship. Solution 48 ,-v Glick here to show or hide the solution Let r = rate or speed of the ship h = r(t — 2) sin 60° h= 4/3r(t — 2) x = r(t — 2) cos 60° 2S er(t —2) b= 2r—a = 2r— tr(t—2) b= 2r— $rt +r =3r— grt b= $r(6— 2) h 5v3r(t — 2) 0 = arctan > = arctan —]—~_—_ b 37(6-t) h /3(t — 2) 6 = arctan an arctan a The above value of angle 6 did not include the speed of the ship r. The derivative of 6 in terms of time t will of course be independent from r. Solutions 46 & 47 are both derivative of 6 in terms of time t.Problem 49 A ship, moving 10 mijhr, sails east for 2 hours, then turns N 30°F. A searchlight, placed at the starting point follows the ship. Find how fast the light is rotating (2) 4 hours after the start; (o) just after the tum. Solution 49 ~ Glick here to show or hide the solution 10(¢— 2) sin 60" n= r90-2) (42) h=by3[t-2) t= 10(t — 2) c0s60° L(t — 2)(1/2) 2 =5(t-2) b= 2042-20 4-5[t-2) 20 +5t-10 = 5¢+10 6 = arctan +2 (t+ 2)v8— vt —2)04) Cra 2V3—tv3-+ 23 (t+2)P a6 a 42 sate Ca? cy Ay3 #” GP ey (a)Ahours after the start, t= 4 a6 4y3 at Ee a ANS dt 36412 a 4y3 dB a ae v3 rad/sec answer (Just after the tum, t=2 AVFrad/sec answerProblem 51 Show that the answers to Problem 49 are independent of the speed of the ship. Solution 51 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution - Let r = rate or speed of ship h=r(t—2)sin60° h= 5V/8r(t — 2) 3 (t — 2) cos 60° (t—2) r= r= nl b= 2+ x= 2 t $r(t—2) b=2r+ drt —r=Art+r b= jr(t +2) # $V3r(t — 2) @= arctan — = arctan ~;———— b gr(t+ 2) 3(t -— 2 6 = arctan se= 2) #+2 The above value of angle @ did not include the speed of the ship r. The derivative of @ in terms of time t will of course be independent from r. Problem 49 is a derivative of 6 in terms of time t.Problem 52 Acar drives south at 20 mi/hr. Another car, starting from the same point at the same time and traveling 40 mi/hr, goes east for 30 minutes then turns north. Find the rate of rotation of the line joining the cars (a) 1 hour after the start; (b) at the time the second car makes its turn. Solution 52 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution _ 20¢ + 40 — 0.5) became tané@= 30 tand = t+ 2(¢ — 0.5) 40(t - 0.5) tan é = 3¢-—1 6 = arctan(3t — 1) dé 3 2ot a 1+(3t—1P (a) 1 hour after the start, t=1 do 3 a 1+([3(1)—iP da 3 di 1+4 dé iE 0.6 rad/br answer (b) At the time the second car makes its turn, t = 0.5 db 3 dt 14+([3(05)-1P dB ad 140.25 do 3 dt 140.25 a6 7a 2.4 rad/br answerProblem 53 Prove that the results in Problem 52 are independent of the speed of the cars, if the second car travels twice as fast as the first car. Solution 53 Let r = rate or speed of first car 2r = rate or speed of the second car te mite, rt + 2r(t — 0.5) tan § = ——+___+ 2r(t - 0.5) ia 0.5@r tand =t + 2(t— 0.5) tan@ = 3é-1 t 6 = arctan(3¢ — 1) The angle 6 above is independent from rate of cars, r. answerProblem 55 The lower edge of the picture is a ft, the upper edge is b ft, above the eye of an observer. At what horizontal distance should he stand, if the vertical angle subtended by the picture is to be greatest? Solution 55 + Click here to sh ide the solutis From the figure: 6=a-B tan @ = tan(a — ) tana — tan 8 tang = on an’= T+ tana tan A b a tang = —2_2 tané = tang = tan@ = oe b— a)x ncena Ae (2? + ab)(b — a) — (b— a)x(2x) do (2? + ab)? fi dz 1, [e-a27 ~ ih [ z? + ab | (x? + ab)(b — a) — (b— a)x(2x) é (2? + ab)? (x? + ab)(b— a) — (b—a)2(2x) =0 (b—a) [(x? + ab) — 227] =0 (x? + ab) — 2a? =0 ab—2? =0 ab = 2? x= Vab answer