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Probability

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18 views4 pages

Probability

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haasinijv2008
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Probability
 Experimental Probability: The probability obtained from the result of an experiment
when we actually perform the experiment is called experimental (or empirical)
probability.
 Theoretical Probability: The probability we find through the theoretical approach
without actually performing the experiment is called theoretical probability.
 The theoretical probability (or classical probability) of an event E, is denoted by P(E)
and is defined as

 Experimental probability may or may not be equal to the theoretical probability.


 Formula of theoretical probability can be used to find the probabilities of various events.

Example 1: A dice is thrown once. What is the probability of getting 1 on the


dice?
Solution: When a dice is thrown once, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Let A be the event of getting 1 on the dice.

Example 2: A box contains 3 white, 5 green, and 6 red balls. A ball is drawn at
random out of the box. Find the probability of drawing a red ball.
Solution: Total number of balls = 3 + 5 + 6 = 14
Therefore, total number of possible outcomes = 14
Let E be the event of drawing a red ball.
Number of outcomes favourable to E = 6

Example 3: A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 cards. Find the


probability that the card drawn is,

o A black card
o An ace
o Neither a black card nor an ace

Solution:
Since there are 52 cards in a deck, the number of all possible outcomes is 52.

o Number of black cards in the deck = 26

Therefore, the probability that the drawn card is black



o Number of aces in the deck = 4

Therefore, the probability that the drawn card is an ace



o Number of cards which are neither black nor an ace = 26 – 2 = 24

Therefore, the probability that the drawn card is neither black nor an ace

 Complementary events
For an event E such that of an experiment, the
event represents ‘not E’ , which is called the complement of the event E.
We say, E and are complementary events.

Example:
A pair of dice is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a different
number on each die.
Solution:
When a pair of dice is thrown, the possible outcomes of the experiment can be
listed as:

The number of all possible outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36


Let E be the event of getting the same number on each die.
Then, is the event of getting different numbers on each die.

Now, the number of outcomes favourable to E is 6.

Thus, the required probability is .


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