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Centre of Mass

Center of masss pdf class 11 project

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41 views18 pages

Centre of Mass

Center of masss pdf class 11 project

Uploaded by

singhsiddharth58794
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CENTRE OF MASS

INTRODUCTION balance point), wherein


the weighted relative
The Centre of mass of a position of the distributed
body or system of a mass has a sum of zero.
particle is defined as the In simple words, the
point at which the whole Centre of mass is a
of the mass of the body or position i.e. relative to an
all the masses of a system object. It is a point where
of a particle appear to be force is usually applied
concentrated. In physics, that results in linear
we can say that the Centre acceleration without any
of mass is a point at the angular acceleration.
Centre of the distribution
of mass in space (also
known as the

____________________

When we are studying the dynamics of the motion


of the system of a particle as a whole, then we need
not bother about the dynamics of individual
particles of the system. But only focus on the
dynamic of a unique point corresponding to that
system.
The motion of this unique
point is identical to the
motion of a single particle
whose mass is equal to the
sum of all individual
particles of the system and CENTRE OF
resultant of all the forces
exerted on all the particles
GRAVITY
of the system by The centre of gravity
surrounding bodies or can be taken as the
action of a field of force is point through which the
force of gravity acts on a
exerted directly to that.
system or body. In cases
This point is called the where the gravity is
Centre of mass of the assumed to be uniform,
system of particles. The the centre of gravity is
concept of Centre of mass same as the centre of
(COM) is useful in mass. So sometimes
analyzing the complicated these terms are used
motion of the system of interchangeably.
the objects, particularly
when two and objects
collide, or an object
explodes into fragments.
CENTRE OF MASS OF TWO PARTICLE SYSTEM
Consider two particles of A and B of masses m1 and m2. Let → and
𝑟1
→ be the position vectors of the two particles at any time t with respect
𝑟2
to origin O.
forces, whereas the
force of attraction
due to sun are
1. Earth moon system external forces. The
earth moon system
– The moon revolves
moves along elliptical
around the earth in
orbit around the sun
circular path whereas
due to torque
the earth revolves
produced by external
around the sun in an
elliptical orbit. In forces.
fact, both the earth
and the moon move
along circular paths
about their Centre of
mass, such that they
are always on 2. Diatomic molecule –
opposite sides of it. A symmetric
As the mass of earth diatomic molecule
is nearly 80 times the like O2 is an
mass of moon, so example of binary
their CM divides the system. The chemical
earth-moon line in bond between two
the ratio 1:80. In fact oxygen molecules
this point lies inside provides the internal
the earth. Here the binding force. The
force of attraction chemical bond
between are internal behaves like a spring.
When there is no
external force then
CM of the molecules
move with uniform
velocity in straight
line. Due to the
internal forces the
molecules also
possess the
vibrational rotational
motion. Even then
move like a free
particle.

Diatomic molecule
What is a rigid
body? For a simple rigid
In practice, we deal
object which has
with extended bodies,
uniform
deformable or non-
density, the centre of
deformable or rigid.
When a body mass is located at the
deforms, the separation Centroid
between the distance
between its particles
and their relative
location changes. A
rigid body is an
extended object in
which the separations
and relative location of
all of its constituent
particles remain the
same under all
circumstances.
yg

o Centre of mass of
a body or a
system is the
balancing point.
o The position of
centre of mass is
independent of the
choice of the
coordinate
system.
o The position of
CM remains
unchanged in
rotatory motion
whereas the
position of CM
changes in the
translatory
motion.
o In a two-particle
system, the CM
divides internally
the line joining
the particles in
the inverse ratio
of their masses.
Sl. Topic Page numbers
no
1. Certificate 01
2. Acknowledgement 02
3. Introduction 03-04
4. Centre of mass of
two-particle system 05 - 08
5. Centre of mass of a system
Of n-particles 09 – 11
6. Momentum conservation &
Centre of mass 12 – 14
7. Examples of centre of mass 15 - 16
8. What is a rigid body? 17

M1

F
CM

M2

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