Creative Study Center®

CHAPTER 6 2. Translation plus Rotation

A system is said to be in rotational plus
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND translational motion, when the particle is rotating
ROTATIONAL MOTION with some angular velocity about a movable axis.
(Fig c ,d)
Topics to be Covered
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Centre of mass
7.3 Motion of centre of mass
7.4 Linear momentum of a system of Fig(c): Rolling motion of a cylinder. It is not pure

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particles translational motion. Points P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 have

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7.5 Vector product of two vectors different velocities (shown by arrows)at any instant of
7.6 Angular velocity and its relation with time. In fact, the velocity of the point of contact P 3 is zero
at any instant, if the cylinder rolls without slipping.
linear velocity

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7.7 Torque and angular momentum
7.8 Equilibrium of a rigid body

Ce
7.9 Moment of inertia
7.11 Kinematics of rotational motion about a
fixed axis
7.12 Dynamics of rotational motion about a
dy
fixed axis Fig(d): Motion of a rigid body which is a combination of
7.13 Angular momentum in case of rotations translation and rotation.
about a fixed axis
3. Rotation about a fixed axis
tu

RIGID BODY + In rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis,

every particle of the body moves in a circle, which
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A rigid body is a body with a perfectly
lies in a plane perpendicular to the axis and has
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definite and unchanging shape. The distance

its centre on the axis.
between any two points in the body always
remains same even under the action of external
on

forces.
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What kind of motion can a rigid body have?

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Fig (e): Rotation about a fixed axis : A ceiling fan and a

ea

1. Pure translation potter’s wheel.

In pure translational motion at any instant of Rotation(Axis is not fixed,but a point on the
time every particle of the body has the same axis is fixed)
m
Cr

velocity. [ Fig (a),(b)]

Fig(f): A spinning top (The point of contact of the top with

Fig(a):Translational (sliding) motion of a block down an
the ground, its tip O, is fixed.) and An oscillating table fan
inclined plane. (Any point like P 1 or P 2 of the block
with rotating blades. The pivot of the fan, point O, is fixed.
moves with the same velocity at any instant of time.)
The blades of the fan are under rotational motion,
whereas, the axis of rotation of the fan blades is
oscillating.
Note
The motion of a rigid body which is not pivoted or
fixed in some way is either a pure translation or a
combination of translation and rotation. The
motion of a rigid body which is pivoted or fixed in
some way is rotation.
Fig(b): Motion of a rigid body which is pure translation.

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CENTRE OF MASS Problem 1 (Example 7.1 NCERT)

The centre of mass of a system is the point Find the centre of mass of three particles at the
where all the mass of the system may be vertices of an equilateral triangle. The masses of
assumed to be concentrated and where the the particles are 100g, 150g, and 200g
resultant of all the external forces acts. respectively. Each side of the equilateral triangle
is 0.5m long.
Centre of mass of a two particle system Solution
Consider a system of two particles with
masses m1 and m2 and their position vectors be
r1 and r2 respectively from some arbitrary origin
O.

®
er
nt
Let the masses 100 g, 150g and 200g be
located at O, A and B be respectively and find

Ce
The centre of mass will be at a point C whose
position vector is given by

R=
m 1 r 1 +m 2 r 2
m1 +m 2
the co ordines O, A, B . Then,

X=
m 1 x 1 +m 2 x 2 +m 3 x 3
m1 +m2+ m3
dy
If the particles have the same mass, m1 = m2 =m , [100 (0)+ 150(0.5)+200( 0.25)] g m
X=
m r 1+ mr 2 r 1 +r 2 (100+150+200) g
then, R= => R=
tu

2 125 5
+m+ m
Thus if the particles are having same mass,
=> X=
450
m=
18
m
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the centre of mass lies exactly midway between
eS

them. m 1 y 1 +m2 y 2+ m3 y 3
similarly Y =
m 1+ m2 +m 3
Centre of mass of an N particle system
[100( 0)+150 (0)+ 200(0.25 √ 3)]g m
on

Consider a system of N particles of masses

tiv

Y=
m 1 , m 2 ,m 3 ............. having position vectors (100+150+ 200) g
r 1 , r⃗2 , ⃗
⃗ r 3 ,............ . 50 √ 3 √3 m= 1 m
Y= m=
iss

450 9 3 √3
ea

The total mass of the system,

M =m1+ m2+m3 +......... Example 7.3 Do yourself
m
Cr

m1 r 1+ m2 r 2 +m3 r 3 +........
Then R= ...........(1) Motion of centre of Mass
m1 +m2 +m3 +........
Consider two particles A and B of masses m 1 and
mi r i ∑ mi r i m2 . Take the line joining A and B as the x axis.
or R=∑ => R= Let the co ordinates of the particle be x 1 and x2 .
mi M Suppose no external force act on the two particle
In terms of co ordinates (the co ordinates of the system. Suppose the particles A and B exert an
centre of mass), attractive force (F) on each other and the particles
m1 x 1 +m2 x 2 +m3 x 3 +........ accelerate along the line joining them.
X=
m1 +m2+ m3 +........
m1 y 1 +m2 y 2+ m3 y 3 +........
Y=
m1+ m2 +m3 +........
m z +m z +m z +........
Z= 1 1 2 2 3 3
m1+ m2 +m3 +........

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The centre of mass at time t is situated at (2) Motion of earth – moon system
m1 x 1 +m2 x 2 Moon moves round the earth in circular orbit, and
X= .............(1) earth moves round the sun in an elliptical orbit. Or
m1 +m2 we can say that the centre of mass of the earth –
As time passes x1 and x2 change and hence X moon system moves in an elliptical orbit round
changes and the centre of mass moves along X- the sun. Hence the force of attraction between
axis. earth and moon is internal to earth – moon
Velocity of centre of mass at time ,t is system while sun’s attraction on both earth and
moon are external.
dX d m1 x1 +m 2 x 2 m 1 v 1 +m 2 v 2
V cm = = ( )=
dt dt m1 +m 2 m 1 +m 2 Linear momentum of a system of particles

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The acceleration of the centre of mass is For a system of n particles, the total linear

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momentum of the system is equal to the vector
dV cm d m1 v 1 +m2 v 2 m1 a1 +m2 a2
acm = = ( )= sum of momentum of all individual particles. Ie,
dt dt m1 +m2 m1 +m2 P= p1 + p2 +............ pn

nt
Since there is no external force acting on the
system, the only force acting on A is F towards B dP
F=

Therefore acm =
Ce
and its acceleration is a 1= F/m1. The force on B is
(-F) and hence a2= - F/m2
m1( F /m1)+m 2 (−F /m2)
=0
Now from Newton’s second law,
where F is the total external force.
If F=0,
dP
dt
=0 . Therefore, P will be a
dt
dy
m1+ m2 constant i.e, linear momentum will be conserved.
in general Macm =F ext ................(1)
If the external force acting on the system Examples
tu

+
add to zero, a cm = 0 and hence the velocity of the 1) Decay of nucleus: Consider the decay of a
95
centre of mass is constant. If initially the centre of parent nuclei at rest into two fragments. They
eS

mass was at rest , it will continue to be rest. The move in opposite directions with different
individual particles may go on complicated paths, velocities. Here the momentum is conserved and
the centre of mass will be obtained at the same the centre of mass of decay product continuous to
on
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be at rest.
position.
If the centre of mass was moving with a
velocity, V along a particular direction , it will
iss
ea

continue its motion with same velocity.

In short , the motion of centre of mass of the
system is not affected by the internal forces. If the
m
Cr

Fig.A: heavy nucleus (Ra) splits into a lighter nucleus

external forces add up to zero, the centre of mass
(Rn) and an alpha particle (He). The CM of the system is
has no acceleration. in uniform motion.]
Eqn (1) states that the centre of Fig.B: The same splitting of the heavy nucleus (Ra) with
mass of a system of particles moves as if all the centre of mass at rest. The two product particles fly
the mass of the system is concentrated at the back to back.]
centre of mass and all the external forces are
applied at that point. 2) Motion of binary stars: In case of motion of
binary stars, if no external forces act, the centre
Examples of centre of mass motion of mass moves like a free particle.
(1) Explosion of a shell in flight.
Consider a shell projected upwards. This shell will Centre of mass of a rigid body
follow a parabolic path. Now let the shell explode The centre of mass of a rigid body is a fixed
during flight. After explosion, the fragments travel point with respect to the body as a whole.
in their own parabolic path. Since the force of Depending on its shape and mass distribution,
explosion are all internal, the centre of mass of the centre of mass of a rigid body may or may not
the system will continue to follow the same be a point within the body.
parabolic path of the shell before explosion.

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Centre of mass of some regular bodies ^i ^j k^

BODY
A uniform rod
CENTRE OF MASS
At the geometric center
A ring or a uniform disc At the center.
Then

(Or)
| |
A x B= A x A y A z
⃗ ⃗
Bx B y Bz

A uniform cylinder At the center of its axis ⃗ B= ^i ( A y Bz −A z B y )− ^j( A x B z −A z B x )

A x⃗
of symmetry. + k^ ( A x B y − A y B x )
A triangle At the point of
intersection of the Problem 1
medians. F =^i− ^j+ k^ about

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Find the torque of a force ⃗

er
the origin. The force acts on a particle whose
ANGULAR VELOCITY AND ITS RELATION position vector is ⃗r =7 ^i +3 ^j−5 k^ . Given
WITH LINEAR VELOCITY
torque, ⃗τ =⃗r X F
⃗

nt
We know the average angular velocity= Δ θ
Δt Solution
dθ Given F =^i− ^j+ k^ and
⃗
ω=

Ce
The instantaneous angular velocity
dt
The magnitude of linear velocity of a particle
moving in a circle relates with angular velocity,
⃗r =7 ^i +3 ^j−5 k^
We know ⃗τ =⃗r X ⃗
F

^i ^j k^
v =ωr
| |
dy
⃗r x ⃗
F = 7 3 −5
In vector form v =ω x r 1 −1 1
ANGULAR ACCELERATION AND ITS r⃗ x F = i (3 x 1−−5 x−1)− ^j(7 x 1−−5 x 1)
⃗ ^
tu

+
RELATION WITH LINEAR ACCELERATION
dω => ⃗r x ⃗
+ k^ (7 x −1−3 x 1)
F =^i (3−5)− ^j(7+5)+ k^ (−7−3)
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The angular acceleration , α =
eS

dt ie F =−2 ^i −12 ^j−10 k^

⃗τ =⃗r X ⃗
dv dω
Also =r
dt dt TORQUE ( τ )
on
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(if the particle moves in a constant radius) The torque or moment of force about a point
ie, a=r α is the turning effect of force about that point and
is measured as the product of force and the
iss

perpendicular distance between the point and the

ea

Problem(NEET 2023)
line of action of the force.
The angular acceleration of a body, moving
along the circumference of a circle, is
Consider a particle P, whose position vector
m
Cr

(A) Along the radius, away from centre

with respect to origin O is r .
(B) Along the radius towards the centre
(C) Along the tangent to its position
(D) Along the axis of rotation

VECTOR PRODUCT (CROSS PRODUCT)

If ⃗A and B ⃗ are two vectors, θ be the angle

between them . Then the vector product
A x⃗
⃗ B is defined as Let a force F act on the particle in a direction
A x⃗
⃗ B= A Bsinθ n^ making an angle θ with the direction of r .

Where n^ is the unit vector perpendicular to Then the torque about the point O ,
both ⃗ A and B ⃗ τ =F x ON =F x r sinθ
A= A x ^i+ A y ^j+ A z k^ ,
In analytical form, ⃗ ' r sinθ ' is called moment arm of the force
⃗ =Bx ^i+B y ^j+ B z k^ ie τ =F(r sinθ)
B
(or) ⃗τ =⃗r X ⃗
F
NOTE

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➢ Torque is the rotational analogue of force

➢ The direction of torque is perpendicular to Moment of linear momentum of the particle about
both r and F 2
the axis = mi r i ω r i=m i r i ω
➢ If Στ =0, then the body is in rotational
equilibrium Therefore Total moment of momentum of the
➢ If ΣF=0 along with Στ =0,then the body is
in mechanical equilibrium. whole body about the axis = mi r 2i ω=I ω
∑
➢ A pair of equal and opposite forces with ie, Angular momentum, L=Iω
different lines of action is known as a
couple. Where, I --> Moment of inertia of the body
➢ A couple produces rotation without

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2
translation. and I = mi r i
∑

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Problem (NEET 2020) (Moment of inertia will be discussed later in detail)
Find the torque about the origin when a force of

nt
3 ^j N acts on a particle whose position
vector is 2 k^ m :
(1) 6 k^ Nm (2) 6 ^i Nm
^
(3) 6 j Nm
Ce
PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS
(4) −6 ^i Nm
Problem (For more reading Only)
Angular momentum is defined about an
origin(point). While we find out the angular
momentum of a rigid body we should take the
dy
In rotational equilibrium, total anti clockwise angular momenta of all the particle in the body
moment = total clockwise moments. This is called about the same origin and add vectorially. Is this
principle of moments. idea consistent with what we did for the
For a lever , the principle of moment expressed derivation of angular momentum in the previous
tu

as ,
+
Load x Load arm=Effort x Effort arm
discussion?
Solution
95
See Appendix 1 of KV Notes
eS

ie , F1 d 1=F 2 d 2
Relation between angular momentum and
torque
on

F1 d2
tiv

NOTE: The ratio = is called the We know ⃗ L=⃗r x ⃗p

F2 d1 differentiate with respect to time
mechanical advantage. d⃗
L d
= ( r⃗ x ⃗ P)
iss
ea

dt dt
ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A PARTICLE ( L )
It is the rotational analogue of linear d r⃗ ⃗ d⃗P
= x P + r⃗ x
dt dt
m

momentum. It could also be referred to as

Cr

moment of linear momentum. = v⃗ x m ⃗v + r⃗ x F

⃗
Consider a particle of mass 'm' and linear = 0+ τ
momentum 'p' at a position r relative to the origin dL ⃗
O .The angular momentum is defined to be ie, =⃗τ
dt
⃗L=⃗r X ⃗
P Thus the time rate of change of angular
momentum of a particle is equal to the torque
Angular momentum of a rotating body acting on it.
The sum of the moments of linear
momentum of all the particles of the body about Torque and angular acceleration
the axis of rotation is called its angular d⃗L
momentum about that axis. We know ⃗τ =
dt
Consider a body rotating about an axis. This
body is made up of a large number of particles.
d⃗L d dω
=> ⃗τ = = (I ω)=I =I α
Let one such particle of mass m i be situated dt dt dt
at a distance r i from the axis. ie, ⃗τ =I α
⃗
Thenlinear velocity of particle , v i =r i ω where α is the angular acceleration.
Linear momentum of particle=m i v i=m i r i ω

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Conservation of angular momentum Hence, taking ω out of the sum,

dL 1 2 2
If τ =0 , =0 K= ω ∑ mi r i
dt 2
ie, L= a constant We define a new parameter characterising the
rigid body, called the moment of inertia I , given
Thus if the total external torque on a system of by
particles is zero, then the total angular 2
I =∑ mi r i
momentum of the system is conserved.
Example for conservation of Angular 1 2
Therefore K= I ω
momentum 2
When there is no external torque acting ,

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Thus “ The moment of inertia of a body about a
angular momentum will remain conserve.

er
given axis is defined as the property of the body
by virtue of which it is unable to change its
Fig(a): When the dancer
position of rest or of uniform rotational motion

nt
stretches out her hands,
moment of inertia without the help of external torque”.
increases and angular Note
velocity decreases. ➢ I is independent of the magnitude of the

Ce Fig(b): when the diver wants

to do a triple tuck under 2
seconds ,she can’t change
angular velocity
➢ It depends on two factors: 1) mass of the
body. 2) distribution of mass about the
axis of rotation
dy
the angular momentum, but
she can reduce the moment THE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF SOME RIGID
of inertia by pulling the legs BODIES
tu

and arms closer to the point

+ of rotation. So angular
velocity increase
Body
Thin circular
Axis I
Perpendicular to M R2
95
eS

ring, radius R plane, at centre

MOMENT OF INERTIA (I) Thin circular Diameter M R2

➢ What is the analogue of mass(measure of ring, radius R
2
on
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inertia ) in rotational motion?

➢ Inertia in linear motion is the inability of a Circular disc, perpendicular to M R2
body to change its state of rest or of radius R disc , at centre
2
iss

uniform motion in a straight line, without

ea

the help of an external force. Circular disc, Diameter M R2

radius R
➢ A corresponding property of the body in 4
rotational motion is known as moment
m
Cr

Hollow cylinder, Axis of cylinder M R2

of inertia. radius R
➢ We know that for a body rotating about a
Solid cylinder, Axis of cylinder M R2
fixed axis, each particle of the body
radius R
moves in a circle with linear velocity v 2
given by the eqn v =r ω Solid sphere, Diameter 2
➢ For a particle p at a distance r i from 2MR
radius R
the axis, the linear velocity is v i=r i ω
5
➢ The kinetic energy of motion of this Hollow sphere, Diameter 2 M R2
particle is radius R
3
1 2 1 2 2
K i= m i v i = m i r i ω Thin rod, Perpendicular to M L2
2 2 length L rod, at mid point
➢ Therefore the total kinetic energy of the 12
body
1 2 2 Radius of gyration (K)
K=∑ K i=∑ mi r i ω The radius of gyration of a body about an
2
axis may be defined as the distance from the axis
➢ Note ω is the same for all particles. of a mass point whose mass is equal to the mass
of the whole body and whose moment of inertia is

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equal to the moment of inertia of the body about Work dW = F ds Work dW = τ d θ

the axis. ie, I =M K2
Kinetic energy , K Kinetic energy , K
Problem(NEET 2023)
The ratio of radius of gyration of a solid sphere
1 2 1 2
K= M V K= I ω
of mass M and radius R about its own axis to the 2 2
radius of gyration of the thin hollow sphere of Power , P Power , P
same mass and radius about its axis is P=F v P=τω
(A) √ 3: √ 5 (B) 5 : 3
Linear momentum , p Angular momentum , L
(C) √ 2: √ 5 (D) 5 : 2
p=mv L=I ω

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KINEMATICS OF ROTATIONAL MOTION

er
ABOUT A FIXED AXIS
WORK AND POWER IN ROTATIONAL MOTION
The kinematical quantities in rotational
Consider a force F acting at the rim of a
motion, angular displacement ( θ ), angular
pivoted wheel of radius R. During the action, the

nt
velocity ( ω ) and angular acceleration ( α )
wheel rotates through a small angle dθ. If this
respectively correspond to kinematic quantities in
angle is small enough, the direction of force
linear motion, displacement (x ), velocity (v) and
remains constant. Let the corresponding

Then work
Ce
displacement is dx within a time interval dt.

done, dw=F dx=F Rdθ

{Arc length = angle x radius}
acceleration (a).

LINEAR MOTION
v =u+at
ROTATIONAL MOTION
ω=ω 0+ α t
dy
But F R is the torque, τ 1 2 1 2
S=ut + a t θ=ω0 t + α t
Therefore work done, dW =τdθ 2 2
tu

and
+
The work done to turn from θ1 to θ2 is given by
v 2=u 2+2 as ω2=ω20 +2 α θ
95
eS

θ2

W =∫ τdθ=τ (θ 2−θ1 )=τ θ

θ1 Problem (Example 7.15NCERT)
dW d dθ A cord of negligible mass is wound round the
on
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The power P= = ( τ θ)=τ rim of a fly wheel of mass 20 kg and radius 20

dt dt dt
cm. A steady pull of 25 N is applied on the cord
P=τ ω d θ as shown in Fig. The flywheel is mounted on a
ie, ( =ω )
iss

dt horizontal axle with frictionless bearings.

ea

Therefore Work done by torque for a small

angular displacement dθ is given by
m

dW =τdθ and Instantaneous power, P=τω

Cr

COMPARISON OF TRANSLATIONAL AND

ROTATIONAL MOTION
Translational motion Rotational motion
about a fixed axis (a) Compute the angular acceleration of the
wheel.
Displacement , x Angular displacement θ (b) Find the work done by the pull, when 2m of
Velocity ,v Angular velocity , ω the cord is unwound.
dx dθ (c) Find also the kinetic energy of the wheel at
v= ω= this point. Assume that the wheel starts from
dt dt
rest.
Acceleration, a Angular acceleration α (d) Compare answers to parts (b) and (c).
dV dω
a= α= Solution
dt dt
(a) We use the torque τ =I α
Mass , M Moment of inertia , I ∴ α= τ
Force F = Ma Torque τ = I α I

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τ =R F=25 × 0.20 Nm=5 Nm

2 4.
M R2 20 x (0.2)
I= = =0.4 kg m2 Body Axis Moment of
2 2 inertia
5
α= τ =
2
∴ =12.5 rad /s Circular disc, Perpendicular
I 0.4 radius R to disc at ....................
(b) W = τ θ τ =5 Nm θ=? centre
θ=(2 π)rad →(2 π r )m
Thin circular MR 2
1
=> 1 m→θ= ()
r
rad ring, radius R ....................
2

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2 2 Thin rod, Perpendicular

er
=> 2 m→θ= ()
r
rad = ( )
0.2
rad=10 rad length L to rod at
midpoint
.....................
∴ W = τ θ=5 x 10=50 J

nt
Alternate method Perpendicular MR2
Work done by the pull unwinding 2m of the ...................... to plane at
cord = 25 N × 2 m=50 J centre

(c) KE gained =
1
2
Ce
Iω
2
5.(a) Show that ⃗τ =
dL
⃗
dt
,for rotational motion
(2)
dy
2 2 2 2
ω =ω0 +2 α θ=0+2 x 12.5 x 10=250 rad /s (b) State the law of conservation of momentum
1 2 1 (c) Write an example for the motion in which
KE gained = I ω = x 0.4 x 250=50 J angular momentum is conserved (2+1+1)
2 2
tu

+
(d) The answers are the same, i.e. the kinetic
energy gained by the wheel = work done by the
6. What is the analogue of mass in rotational
motion ? (1)
95
force. There is no loss of energy due to friction.
eS

7. Define angular velocity. Write the equation

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS showing its relation with linear velocity. (2)
on
tiv

1. The rotational analogue of force is (1) 8. What are the factors on which the moment of
(a) energy (b) work inertia of a rigid body depends ? (2)
(c) inertia (d) torque
iss
ea

9. The angular speed of a rotating body changes

2. A cord of negligible mass is round the rim of a from ω1 to ω2 without applying an external
fly wheel mounted on a horizontal axle as shown
torque but due to change in moment of inertia.
in figure
m
Cr

Find the ratio of radii of gyration in the two cases.

(2)
10. Calculate the duration of a day when Earth
shrinks to 1/8 of its initial volume. (sub qn)

(2)
11. Angular momentum of a rotating body is
⃗L=⃗r X ⃗
P .Using this relation arrive
d⃗
L
Calculate the angular acceleration of the wheel if =⃗τ (3)
steady pull of 25 N is applied on the cord. dt
Moment of inertia of flywheel about the axis is 12. (a) What are the analogue of mass and force
2 in rotational motion ? (2)
MR
(b) Derive an expression for the kinetic energy
2 of a rotating body (3)
3. In pure rotational motion every particle of the
body has the same angular velocity at any instant 13. What are the factors affecting moment of
of time. State whether the statement is true or inertia of an object ? (2)
false (1)

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14. (a) State the law of conservation of angular rotation is the only component that gives a non
momentum. (1)
zero value when summed over all the mass
(b) Based on law of conservation of angular
momentum, how does the speed of a ballet segments
dancer vary when (2) From fig (b), the component of l⃗i along the
(i) outstretching her arms and legs axis of rotation is
(ii) folding her arms and legs
(l i) z=l i sinθ i=(r i m i vi ) sinθ i=(r i sinθ i mi v i )
= Ri mi v i
The net angular momentum of the rigid body

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along the axis of rotation is

er
L=∑ ( l⃗i) z=∑ Ri mi v i=∑ Ri mi ( Ri ω)

nt
i i i

(c) Derive the relation connecting torque and

=> L=ω ∑ mi ( R i)2=I ω
angular momentum

Ce
APPENDIX
(2)
i
dy
Appendix 1
To develop the angular momentum of a rigid
body, we model a rigid body as being made up
of small mass segments, m i .
tu

+
In the figure, a rigid body is constrained to rotate
95
eS

about the z-axis with angular velocity ω. All

mass segments that make up the rigid body
undergo circular motion about the z-axis with the
same angular velocity. Fig (a) shows mass
on
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segment m i with position vector ⃗ r i from

the origin and radius r⃗i to the z-axis.
iss
ea

The magnitude of its tangential velocity is

v i=R i ω
m
Cr

Because the vector v⃗i sand r⃗i are

perpendicular to each other, the magnitude of
the angular momentum of this mass segment is
l i=r i (m i v i )sin 90
Using the right-hand rule, the angular
momentum vector points in the direction
shown in fig(b).The sum of the angular NOTE
momenta of all the mass segments contains ➢ r i sinθ i=Ri
components both along and perpendicular to
the axis of rotation. Every mass segment has a
perpendicular component of the angular
momentum that will be cancelled by the
perpendicular component of an identical mass
segment on the opposite side of the rigid body,
if the body is symmetric about the axis of
rotation. Thus, the component along the axis of

Cont. csc 9 9891983462

 Creative Study Center®

DO YOURSELF

1 . Find the centre of mass of a uniform L-shaped

lamina (a thin flat plate) with dimensions as
shown. The mass of the lamina is 3 kg.

6. Match the following

A B
Torque (⃗τ ) Perpendicular to
⃗r and ⃗p

®
L)
Angular momentum ( ⃗ ∑ F⃗ =0

er
Rotational equilibrium ω⃗ x r⃗

nt
Soln)
Linear velocity (⃗v ) r⃗ X ⃗F
∑ ⃗τ =0
Ce Soln)
A B
dy
tu

+
95
eS

5 5 7. To maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed

[Ans x= m , y= m ]
6 6 of 200 rad/s , an engine needs to transmit a
torque of 180 N m. What is the power required by
on
tiv

2. A ring rolls along a plane surface . Show that the engine ? (Note: uniform angular velocity in the
the ratio between linear KE and the rotational KE absence of friction implies zero torque. In
of the ring is 1 : 1 practice, applied torque is needed to counter
iss

1 1 frictional torque).
ea

2 2
mv mv
KE lin 2 2 1
Soln) = = 2
= Soln) P=ω τ
KE rot 1 2 1 v 1
m

Iω m R2 2
Cr

2 2 R

5.Two particle of mass 5 kg and 10 kg

respectively are attached to the two ends of a
rigid rod of length 1m with negligible mass. The 8. a) Classical dancers bring their hands closer
centre of mass of the system from the 5 kg to their body to rotate faster. Name the
particle is nearly at a distance of : [NEET 2020] principle employed by them.
(1) 80 cm (2) 33 cm b) The rotational analogue of force is
(3) 50 cm (4) 67 cm ....................
c) A solid sphere is rotating about a diameter
Soln) at an angular velocity ω. If it cools so that
the radius reduces to 1/n of its original
value, its angular velocity becomes............

Soln) a) Law of conservation of angular

momentum
b) Torque
2
c) n ω

Cont. csc 10 9891983462