M2 - Q4 - MATH 8 - Proving Inequalities in A Triangle
M2 - Q4 - MATH 8 - Proving Inequalities in A Triangle
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Proving Inequalities in a Triangle
(Week 3)
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about the Proving Inequalities in a Triangle. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
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What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
Prove: 𝐹𝐿 + 𝐴𝐺 > 𝐹𝐺
Proof:
Statement Reasons
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐺𝐿
𝐴𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ Given
𝐴𝐺 = 𝐺𝐿 Definition of Congruent Segments
𝐺𝐿 + 𝐹𝐿 > 𝐹𝐺 1.
𝐹𝐿 + 𝐴𝐺 > 𝐹𝐺 2.
Proof:
Statement Reasons
Draw 𝐼𝑆 ̅ such that 𝐻𝐼 = 𝐻𝑆. Given
̅𝐻𝐼
̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑆 Definition of Congruent Segments
∠1 ≅ ∠2 3.
𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 4.
𝑚∠𝐼 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠3 5.
𝑚∠𝐼 > 𝑚∠2 If 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 and 𝑐 > 0, then 𝑎 > 𝑏.
𝑚∠𝐼 > 𝑚∠1 6.
𝑚∠1 > 𝑚∠𝑇 7.
𝑚∠1 > 𝑚∠𝑇 Transitive Property of Equality
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5. A. Complimentary Angles B. Definition of Angle Bisector
C. Angle Addition Postulate D. Supplementary Angles
6. A. Transitive Property B. Reflexive Property
C. Symmetric Property D. Substitution Property
7. A. Exterior Angle Theorem B. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem D. Vertical Angles Theorem
For nos. 8-10, supply the missing reasons to
complete the proof.
Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝑚 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅 is any segment from
𝑃 to 𝑚 that is different from 𝑃𝑄
Prove: 𝑃𝑅 > 𝑃𝑄
Proof:
Statement Reasons
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝑚 Given
∠1 ≅ ∠2 are right angles. 8.
∠1 ≅ ∠2 Any two right angles are congruent.
𝑚∠1 = 𝑚 ∠2 9.
An exterior angle is greater than any
𝑚∠1 > 𝑚 ∠3 of its corresponding remote interior
angles.
𝑚∠2 > 𝑚 ∠3 Law of Substitution
𝑃𝑅 > 𝑃𝑄 10.
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Lesson
Proving Inequalities in a Triangle
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What’s In
Let us all recall the inequalities in one triangle and two triangles. These
are all helpful in proving inequalities in a triangle.
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What’s New
What is It
Example 1.
In Geometry, the Triangle Inequality Theorem 3
(S1 + S2 > S3) states that the sum of the lengths of any two
sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
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By using the triangle inequality theorem and the exterior angle
theorem, you should have no trouble completing the inequality proof in the
following practice question.
Given:
̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠𝑆𝐸𝑇
∆𝑆𝐸𝑇, 𝑉𝐸
Prove:
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑇 > ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑉
Questions:
1. What is the statement for Reason 2?
2. What is the reason for Statement 3?
3. What is the missing angle in Statement 4?
4. What is the reason for Statement 5?
5. What is the reason for Statement 6?
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STATEMENTS REASONS EXPLANATIONS
1. ∆𝑆𝐸𝑇, 𝑉𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠𝑆𝐸𝑇. 1. Given 1.
2. _____________________ 2. An Angle bisector 2. ∠𝟑 ≅ ∠𝟔
divides an angle A bisector divides an angle into two
into two congruent congruent angles.
parts.
2. 𝑚∠4 = 𝑚∠1 + ∠3 3. ___________________ 3. The exterior angle of a triangle is equal
to the sum of the two nonadjacent
interior angles.
∠𝟒 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨 ∆𝐕𝐒𝐄, ∠𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∠𝟑
and the two nonadjacent interior angles
of ∆VSE. The exterior angle of a triangle
is equal to the sum of the two
nonadjacent interior angles of the
triangle; therefore, 𝑚∠4 = 𝑚∠1 + ∠3.
3. 𝑚_____ > 𝑚∠3 4. The whole is 4. ∠𝟒. You found that 𝑚∠4 = 𝑚∠1 + ∠3.
greater than its The whole is greater than its parts,
parts. which means that 𝑚∠4 > 𝑚∠3.
4. 𝑚∠4 > 𝑚∠6 5. ___________________ 5. Transitive property, because ∠3 ≅ ∠6
and 𝑚∠4 > 𝑚∠3, the transitive property
finds that 𝑚∠4 > 𝑚∠6.
̅̅̅̅
5. 𝐸𝑇 > 𝑇𝑉̅̅̅̅ 6. ___________________ 6. In a triangle, the longest side is opposite
the largest angle. 𝑬𝑻̅̅̅̅ is
̅̅̅̅
opposite ∠𝟒, and 𝑻𝑽 is opposite ∠𝟔.
You discovered that 𝑚∠4 > 𝑚∠6. In a
triangle, the longest side is opposite the
̅̅̅̅ > 𝑇𝑉
largest angle, so 𝐸𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ .
Example 2.
Given: Y
∆𝑌𝑍𝑋, ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊 W
1
Prove: 2
̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑋 > ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑊
X Z
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆𝑌𝑍𝑋, ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊 1. Given
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑍𝑊
2. 𝑍𝑊 ̅̅̅̅̅ 2. Reflexive Property
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Example 3. Given:
ΔLMN; m∠L > m∠N
Prove:
̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝐿𝑀
𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅
Assume: ̅̅̅̅̅
MN ≯ ̅̅̅̅̅
LM
Now, get into it. Supply the correct answers in the respective boxes found in the
table above.
Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁 = ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑀 𝑜𝑟 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁 < ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑀 1. Assumption that ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁 ≯ ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑀
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐿𝑀
2. Considering 𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ : If 𝑀𝑁
̅̅̅̅̅̅ ≅
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑀 , then 2. Definition of
Statements Reasons
1. MN ≯ LM such that 1. Temporary Assumption
MN = LM or MN < LM
2. Considering MN = LM: 2. Definition of isosceles triangles
If MN = LM, then ΔLMN is an
isosceles triangle.
Consequently, ∠L = ∠N. Base angles of isosceles triangles are
congruent.
The assumption that MN = LM is False. The conclusion that ∠L ≅ ∠N
contradicts the given that m∠L > m∠N.
3. Considering MN < LM: 3. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1
If MN < LM, then m∠L < m∠N. (Ss → Aa)
The Assumption that MN < LM is False The conclusion that m∠L < m∠N
contradicts the given that m∠L > m∠N.
4. Therefore, MN > LM must be True 4. The assumption that MN ≯ LM
6 contradicts the known fact that m∠L > m∠N.
What’s More
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠𝐴𝑆𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐹𝑆 1.
̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐷 > ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐹
2. 𝐴𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ 2. Converse of Isosceles triangle Theorem
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 3.
4. 𝑚∠𝑆𝐴𝐷 > 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐷 4.
B. Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑂, ∠𝐸𝐿𝑉 > ∠𝑂𝑉𝐿
̅̅̅̅ > 𝑂𝐿
Prove: 𝐸𝑉 ̅̅̅̅
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 𝐿𝐸 ≅ 𝑉𝑂 1.
2. 𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝑉𝐿 2. Reflexive Property
3. ∠𝐸𝑉𝐿 > ∠𝑂𝑉𝐿 3.
4. 𝐸𝑉 > 𝑂𝐿 4.
C. Given: ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆DEF 1.
2. ∠1 and ∠2∠ form a linear pair. 2.
3. ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary. 3.
4. 𝑚∠1 + m∠2 = 180° 4.
5. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠1 = 180° 5. Triangle Angle – Sum Theorem
6. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 6.
7. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 𝑚∠2 7.
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What I Need to Remember
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What I Can Do
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Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Proof:
Statement Reasons
̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑈 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑊 , ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑈 ∥ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑊 Given
∆𝑋𝑍𝑈 ≅ ∆𝑉𝑍𝑊 2.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑊𝑍
̅̅̅̅̅ Corresponding Parts of Congruent
𝑋𝑍
Triangles are Congruent
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑊𝑍
𝑊𝑍 ̅̅̅̅̅ 3.
VW > XW Given
𝑚∠𝑉𝑍𝑊 > 𝑚∠𝑋𝑍𝑊 4.
∠𝑉𝑍𝑊 ≅ ∠𝑋𝑍𝑈, ∠𝑋𝑍𝑊 ≅ 𝑉𝑍𝑈 Vertical Angles are congruent
𝑚∠𝑉𝑍𝑊 = 𝑚∠𝑋𝑍𝑈, 𝑚∠𝑋𝑍𝑊 ≅ 𝑚∠𝑉𝑍𝑈 Definition of Congruent Triangles
𝑚∠𝑋𝑍𝑈 > 𝑚∠𝑈𝑍𝑉 5.
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For nos. 6-10, supply the missing
reasons to complete the proof.
Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐹 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐽 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐽𝐵, 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐷𝐶
Proof:
Statement Reasons
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐹 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐽 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐽𝐵 , 𝐴𝐵 > 𝐷𝐶 Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 6.
AB + BC = AC, DC + CB = DB 7.
AB + BC > DC + CB 8.
AC > DB 9.
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Activity 2. MORE TRIANGLE INEQUALITIES
The length of 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ will increase as the 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 increases or they are directly
proportional.
What’s More:
Activity 1. Prove Me!
A.
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠𝐴𝑆𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐹𝑆 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ 𝐹𝐷
𝑆𝐷 > ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐹
2. 𝐴𝑆 2. Converse of Isosceles triangle
Theorem
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐷
3. 𝐴𝐷 3. Reflexive Property
4. 𝑚∠𝑆𝐴𝐷 > 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐷 4. Converse of the Hinge Theorem
B. .
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 𝐿𝐸 ≅ 𝑉𝑂 1. Given
2. 𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝑉𝐿 2. Reflexive Property
3. ∠𝐸𝑉𝐿 > ∠𝑂𝑉𝐿 3. Given
4. 𝐸𝑉 > 𝑂𝐿 4. Hinge Theorem
C. .
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆DEF 1. Given
2. ∠1 and ∠2∠ form a linear pair. 2. Linear Pair Postulate
3. ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary. 3. Linear Pair Postulate
4. 𝑚∠1 + m∠2 = 180° 4. Definition of Supplementary
Angles
5. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠1 = 180° 5. Triangle Angle – Sum Theorem
6. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 6. Transitive Property
7. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 𝑚∠2 7. Exterior Angle Theorem
HONESTY is required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your
ANSWER KEY
References:
Electronic Sources:
https://www.dummies.com/education/math/geometry/proofs-involving-the-
triangle-inequality-theorem-practice-geometry-questions/
Books:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et al. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module, “Systems of Linear
Equations and Inequalities in Two Variables”, Department of Education-
Instructional Materials Council Secretariat. 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex,
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City. 2013
Images:
Clipart 1 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/ya7h8exo
Clipart 2 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y5rodrc4
Clipart 3 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/ybeh9k8y
Clipart 4 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/ycegzumx
Clipart 5 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y32enma6
Clipart 6 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y4gt9kfj
Clipart 7 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y9bq7ybf
Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
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