8

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 3
Proving Triangle Inequalities
Mathematics – Grade 8
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Quarter 4 – Module 3: Proving Triangle Inequalities

First Edition, 2020

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MATH 8 Q4W3
Lesson 1: Proving Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

 Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure
of either remote interior angle
Example:
Given: ∆ LMN with exterior angle ∠ LNP .
Prove: ∠ LNP >∠ MLN
Proof:
Let us prove that ∠ LNP >∠ MLN by constructing the following:
1. Midpoint Q on ln such that LO ≅ NO.
2. MR through Q such that MQ ≅ RQ

Statements Reasons
1. LQ ≅ NQ, MQ ≅ RQ 1. By construction
2. ∠ LQM ≅ ∠ NQR 2. Vertical angles are congruent.
3. ∆ LQM ≅ ∆ NQR 3. SAS Triangle Congruence Postulate
4. ∠ MLN ≅ ∠ LNR 4. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
congruent
5. ∠ LNP ≅ ∠ LNR+∠ RNP 5. Angle Addition Postulate
6. ∠ LNP >∠ LNR 6. Property of Inequality
7. ∠ LNP >∠ MLN 7. Substitution Property of Equality
What’s More

Directions:
Complete the table by providing appropriate reason in each statement.
Given: ∠ KLM ≅ ∠ KMJ
Prove: m ∠ JKM >∠ KMJ
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ∠ KLM ≅ ∠ KMJ 1.
2. m ∠ KLM=m∠ KMJ 2.
3. m ∠ JKM >∠ KLM 3.
4. m ∠ JKM >m∠ KMJ 4.

Lesson 2: Proving Triangle Inequality Theorems

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1: Side-Angle Inequality ( Ss → Aa ¿
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the first side is larger
than the angle opposite the second side.

Example:
Given: ∆ LMN ; ln > LM
Prove: ∠ LMN >∠ LNM
Proof: There is a need to make additional constructions to prove that ∠ LMN >∠ LNM . With compass
point on L and the radius LM mark a point P on lnand connect M and P with a segment to form
triangle.
Statements Reasons
1. LM ≅ LP 1. By construction
2. ∆ LMP is isosceles. 2. Definition of Isosceles Triangle.
3. ∠ LMP ≅ ∠ LPM 3. Base angles of Isosceles triangles are ≅ .
4. ∠ LMN ≅ ∠ LMP +∠ PMN 4. Angle Addition Postulate
5. ∠ LMN >∠ LMP 5. Property of Inequality
6. ∠ LMN >∠ LPM 6. Substitution Property
7. m ∠ LPM +m ∠ MPN=¿ 180 7. Linear Pair Postulate
8. m ∠ MPN +m∠ N + m∠ PMN =¿180 8. The sum of the interior angles of a ∆ is 180° .
9. ∠ LPM +∠ MPN =∠ MPN +∠ N + ∠ PMN 9. Substitution/ Transitive Property

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 10. ∠ LPM =∠ N +∠ PMN 10. Subtraction Property
11. ∠ LPM > ∠ N 11. Property of Inequality
12. ∠ LMN >∠ N 12. Transitive Property

Triangle Inequality Theorem 2: Angle-Side Inequality ( Aa→ Ss ¿

If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the first angle is longer
than the side opposite the second angle.

Given: ∆ LMN ; m ∠ L> m∠ N

Prove: MN > LM
Indirect Proof:
Assume MN ≯ LM
Statements Reasons
1. MN ≯ LM such that MN =LM or MN < LM . 1. Temporary Assumption
2. Considering MN =LM : 2. Definition of an Isosceles Triangle.
If MN =LM , then ∆ LMN is an isosceles
triangle.
Consequently,∠ L=∠ N . Base angles of isosceles triangles are congruent.
The assumption that MN =LM is false. The conclusion that ∠ L ≅ ∠ N contradicts the
given that m ∠ L> m∠ N .
3. Considering MN < LM : 3. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 ( Ss → Aa ¿
If MN < LM , m∠ L< m∠ N .
The assumption that MN < LM is false. The conclusion that m ∠ L< m∠ N contradicts
the given that m ∠ L> m∠ N .
4. Therefore, MN > LM must be true. 4. The assumption that MN ≯ LM contradicts the
known fact that m ∠ L> m∠ N .
Triangle Inequality Theorem 3: ( S1 + S2 > S3 ¿
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
Example:
Given: ∆ LMN where LM <ln< MN
Prove: MN + ln> LM
MN + LM >ln
LM + ln> MN
Proof:
 Notice that since MN > ln and that MN > ¿ LM , then it’s obvious that MN
+ LM >ln and MN + ln> LM are true.
 Hence, what remains to be proved is the third statement: LM + ln> MN
.
Let us construct LP as an extension of LM such that L is between M and P,
LP ≅ ln and ∆ LNP is formed.
Statements Reasons
1. LP = ln 1. By construction
2. ∆ LNP is an isosceles triangle. 2. Definition of isosceles triangle.
3. ∠ LNP ≅ ∠ LPN 3. Base angles of isosceles triangle are congruent.
4. ∠ LPN ≅ ∠ MPN 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∠ LNP ≅ ∠ MPN 5. Transitive Property
6. ∠ MNP ≅ ∠ LNM +∠ LNP 6. Angle Addition Postulate
7. ∠ MNP ≅ ∠ LNM +∠ MPN 7. Substitution Property
8. ∠ MNP>∠ MPN 8. Property of Inequality
9. MP> MN 9. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 ( Aa→ Ss ¿
10. LM + LP=MP 10. Segment Addition Postulate
11. LM + LP> MN 11. Substitution Property
12. LM +ln> MN 12. Substitution Property

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 What’s More
K
Directions:
Complete the two-column proof.
In ∆KRC, KO ≅ KC . R is any point on ray CO but not on segment OC.
Prove that KR > KC .

R O C
Statements Reasons
1. KO ≅ KC 1.
2. ∆KOC is an isosceles triangle. 2.
3. ∠ KOC ≅ ∠ KCO 3.Base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
4. m ∠ KOC=m∠ KCO 4.
5. m ∠ KOC=m∠ KRO+ m∠ RKO 5.Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
6. m ∠ KOC> m∠ KRO 6.Whole-Part Inequality
7. m ∠ KCO>m∠ KRO 7.
8. KR > KC . 8.Angle-Side Inequality Theorem
Lesson 3: Proving Hinge Theorem

Hinge Theorem or SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the included
angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then the third side
of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second..
Example:
Given: ∆ CAN and ∆ LYT ;
CA ≅ LY , AN ≅ YT , ∠ A>∠ Y
Prove: CN >¿
Proof:
1. Construct AW such that:
 AW ≅ AN ≅ YT
 AW is between AC and AN , and
 ∠ CAW ≅ ∠ LYT
Consequently, ∆ CAW ≅ ∆ LYT by SAS Triangle Congruence Postulate. So,
CW ≅ ¿ because corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
2. Construct the bisector AH of ∠ NAW such that:
 H is on CN
 ∠ NAH ≅ ∠ WAH
Consequently, ∆ NAH ≅ ∆ WAH by SAS Triangle Congruence Postulate. So, AH ≅ AH by reflexive property
of equality and AW ≅ AN from construction no.1. So, WH ≅ HN because corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent.
Statements Reasons
1. CN ≅ CH + HN 1. Segment Addition Postulate
2. CN ≅ CH + WH 2. Substitution Property of Equality
3. In ∆ CHW ,CH +WH > CW 3. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3: The sum of any two sides of
a triangle is greater than the third side.
4. CN >CW 4. Substitution Property of Equality (Using statement 2 in 3)
5. CN >¿ 5. Substitution Property of Equality (Using statement in
construction 1 in statement 4)
What’s More
Directions:
Complete the missing statements.
Given: HO ≅ EP , ∠ OHP>∠ EPH
Prove: OP > EH
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2. Reflexive Property
3. 3. Given
4. 4. Hinge Theorem

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 Assessment

Directions:
Choose from the box the appropriate reason for every statement in the two-column proof. Write only the
letter of the correct answer on the answer sheet provided.
A. Base angles of an isosceles triangles are congruent.
B. Given
C. Hinge Theorem
D. Legs of an isosceles triangles are congruent.
E. Definition of midpoint.

Given: I is the midpoint of AT , ∠ 1 ≅ ∠2, ∠ 3>∠ 4 .

Prove: HT > FA

Statements Reasons
1. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠2 1.
2. ∆FIH is isosceles. 2.
3. FI ≅ HI 3.
4. I is the midpoint of AT 4.
5. AI ≅ TI 5.
6. ∠ 3>∠ 4 6.
7. HT > FA 7.

8. Which of the following is not an inequality theorem for one triangle?

A. Ange-Side Inequality Theorem
B. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
C. Hinge Theorem
D. Side-Angle Inequality Theorem

9. Which of the following is an exterior angle of ∆RPY?

A. ∠ 2 B. ∠ 3 C. ∠ 4 D. ∠ 7
10. Study the figure in number 9. Notice that m ∠ 5>m∠ 3 and m ∠ 5>m∠ 1. Which theorem justifies these
observations?
A. Ange-Side Inequality Theorem
B. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
C. Hinge Theorem
D. Side-Angle Inequality Theorem

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References
Abuzo, E., et.al (2013). Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
Pascadio, A. A., et.al 2017. Math Ideas and Life Applications. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing
House,
Inc.
http://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geomry/triangles/inequalities_and_relationships
Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 4 – Module 3
Lesson 1
What’s More
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Lesson 2
What’s More
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Lesson 3
What’s More
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Assessment
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