_ Respiration is essential for survival of living organisms. It releases energy from the food. ‘ The oxygen we inhale is used to breakdown glucose into carbon dioxide and water. Energy is released in the process. The breakdown of glucose occurs in the cells of an organism (cellular respiration). If the food is broken down with the use of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration. lf the breakdown occurs without the use of oxygen, the respiration is called anaerobic respiration. During heavy exercise when the supply of oxygen to our muscle cells is insufficient, food breakdown is by anaerobic respiration: Breathing is a part of the process of respiration, during which an organism takes in the oxygen-rich air and gives out air rich in carbon dioxide. The respiratory organs for the exchange of gases vary in different organisms. During inhalation, our lungs expand and then come back to the original state as the air moves out during exhalation. . Increased physical activity enhances the rate of breathing. In animals like cow, buffalo, dog and cat the respiratory organs and the process of breathing are similar to those in humans. In earthworm, the exchange of gases occurs through the moist skin. In fishes it takes place through gills and in insects through the tracheae. Ina plant the roots take in air present in the soil. Leaves have tiny pores called stomata through which they exchange gases. The breakdown of glucose in the plant cells is similar to that in other living beings.7 Seamer 1 after 1. Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usa finishing the race? 7 anaerovic . List the similarities and differences between acrobic and an: respiration. . Why do we often sneeze when we Inhale a lol of dust-laden alr? 4. Take three test-tubes. Fill 44th of each with water, Label ther A. B oe C. Keep a snail in test-tube A, a water plant in test-Lube B an y at keep snail and plant both, Which test-tube would have the highes concentration of CO, 5. Tick the correct answer: (a) _ In cockroaches, air enters the body through (i) lungs (i) gills (iii) spiracles (iv) skin (b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of () carbon dioxide (ii) lactic acid (iii) alcohol (iv) water (c)_ Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is: (@) 9-12 (ii) 15-18 (iii) 21-24 (iv) 30-33 (d) During exhalation, the ribs () move outwards (ti). move downwards (ii) move upwards (iv) do not move at alll 6. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II: Column I Column IL (a) Yeast @) Earthworm (b) Diaphragm (ii) Gills (c) Skin (iii) Alcohol (@) Leaves (iv) Chest cavity (e) Fish {v) Stomata () Frog (vi) Lungs and skin (vii) Tracheaeuy ay tui) iw w gn . Mark ‘Tif the statement is true and ‘TF’ if itis false: During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down. (T/F) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (T/F) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as thelr lungs. (T/F) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (1/F) The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T/F) . Given below is a square of letters In which are hidden different words related to respiration in organisms, These words may be present in any direction — upwards, downwards, or along the diagonals. Find the words . for your respiratory system. Clues about those words are given below the square. Salve ie Md Dalat 0) | Niger) es c|z c| Qo] w] x| N/] TILE R|mM|al]T}]1{|oD{o;};TT]E 1 |/y|rRr{xi] y{mM{s{R{A B{[R|uHi|1] al N{|T{Aly s |Tv p| Tr) Bi zi] Ri] CTE MI a|m/| T/] S{|1|H]A s |p| R| al c{|u|eE|s Moog) us|) od | PS aees ay i) (ii) (ii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vit) (wit) (ix) The air tubes of insects Skeletal structures surrounding chest cavity Muscular floor of chest cavity ‘Tiny pores on the surface of leaf . ‘Small openings on the sides of the body of an insect The respiratory organs of human beings The openings through which we inhale An anaerobic organism An organism with tracheal system 9. The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because: (a) At an altitude of more than 5 km there is no air. “. os sr avadiabie to a person is less than that avaiable Extended Learning Activit i Observe Ssh in en equerium You will ind dap like structures on both Sides of thet heads. These are flaps which cover the gills. These Haps nermatety. On the basis of these observations. explain Spiration in the fish. + material on this topic from other sources. You can seek help Our teacher or parents. Find out the percentage of people of your axe who smoke. Ifyou have a smoker in your family, confront him with = material that you have collected. 3. Visit a doctor. Find out about artificial respiration. Ask the doctor: (2) When does a person need artificial respiration? (©) Does the person need to be kept on artificial respiration temporarily or permanently? : (cj From where can the person get supply of oxygen for artificial respiration? 4. Measure the breathing rate of the members of your family and some of your friends. Investigate: {c) If the breathing rate of children is different from that of adults. {qf the breathing rate of males is different from that of females. If there is a difference in any of these cases, try to find the reason.