AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA

CLASS VII (2023-24)

SCIENCE
CH-6: RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS
HANDOUT-I

Q1. What is respiration? Where does it occur?

• The process of breakdown of food (oxidation of glucose) in the cell with the release of energy is
called cellular respiration.
• Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products.
• Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of all organisms.

Q2. What are the two types of cellular respiration?

a) Aerobic Respiration

• When breakdown of glucose occurs in the presence of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration.
• Breakdown of glucose produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and releases
energy.
in the presence of
Glucose Carbon Dioxide + water + energy
oxygen

b) Anaerobic Respiration

• When breakdown of glucose occurs in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.
• Breakdown of glucose produces carbon dioxide and alcohol as waste products, and releases
energy.
in the absence of
Glucose Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + energy
oxygen

Q3. List the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

SIMILARITIES
i. Glucose is broken down.
ii. Waste products are produced.
iii. Energy is released.
iv. Both take place in the cells.

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 DIFFERENCES
AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
i. Takes place in the presence of oxygen. i. Takes place in the absence of oxygen.
ii. Produces carbon dioxide and water as ii. Produces carbon dioxide and alcohol (or
waste products. lactic acid) as waste products.
iii. Releases more energy. iii. Releases less energy.
iv. Occurs in most of the organisms. iv. Occurs in some of the organisms.
v. Complete breakdown of food occurs. v. Partial breakdown of food occurs.
Eg: humans, plants Eg: human cells, yeast

Q4. Describe the respiration process in yeast.

OR Why is yeast used to make wine?

• There are some organisms such as single-celled yeast that can survive in the absence of air.
• They are called anaerobes as they get energy through anaerobic respiration.
• In the absence of oxygen, glucose breaks down into alcohol and carbon dioxide, as given
below:
in the absence of
Glucose Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + energy
oxygen

• Since yeast respire anaerobically and yield alcohol, they are, therefore, used to make wine and
beer.

Q5. Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
OR How is glucose broken down during limited supply of oxygen?
OR How are muscle cramps caused?

• During strenuous physical activity, the demand for energy is high.

• But the supply of oxygen to produce the energy is limited.
• Then anaerobic respiration takes places in the muscle cells and produce lactic acid:

in the absence of
Glucose Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + energy
(in muscle) oxygen

• The lactic acid is produced because of the partial breakdown of glucose.

• The accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle cramps.

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Q6. How do we get relief from muscle cramps?

• We get relief from cramps after a hot water bath or a massage.

• Hot water bath or massage improves circulation of blood.
• As a result, the supply of oxygen to the muscle cells increases.
• The increase in the supply of oxygen results in the complete breakdown of lactic acid into
carbon dioxide and water.

Q7. Define:
a) INHALATION
The process of taking in of oxygen-rich air into the body is called inhalation.
b) EXHALATION
The process of giving out of carbon dioxide-rich air is called exhalation.
c) BREATHING

• The taking in of oxygen-rich air into the body (inhalation) and giving out of carbon dioxide-rich
air (exhalation) is known as breathing.
• It is a part of the process of respiration.
• The respiratory organs for the exchange of gases vary in different organisms.
d) BREATHING RATE
The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as the breathing rate.
e) BREATH
A breath means one inhalation plus one exhalation.

 On an average, an adult human being at rest breathes in and out 15–18 times in a minute.
 During heavy exercise, the breathing rate can increase upto 25 times per minute.
 While we exercise, not only do we breathe fast, we also take deep breaths and thus inhale
more oxygen.

Q8. Differentiate between respiration and breathing.

RESPIRATION BREATHING
i. It is a biochemical process. i. It is a physical process.
ii. It takes place inside the cells. ii. It takes place outside the cells.
iii. Energy is released. iii. No energy is released.
iv. It is a slow process. iv. It is a fast process.

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Q9. Why do we breathe faster after/during a physical activity?

• During a physical activity, a person needs extra energy. So, he/she breathes faster.
• As a result, more oxygen is supplied to our cells.
• It speeds up the breakdown of food and more energy is released.

Q10. Why do we feel hungry after a physical activity?

• During a physical activity, a person needs extra energy which is supplied by the fast breakdown
of food.
• As a result, we feel hungry after a physical activity.

Q11. Why we yawn when we are sleepy or drowsy?

• When we feel drowsy, our breathing rate slows down.

• Our body doesn’t receive sufficient oxygen for respiration.
• So, we yawn to take in more oxygen.

Q12. What is the passage taken by air during inhalation?

NOSTRILS

NASAL CAVITY

PHARYNX

TRACHEA

BRONCHI

BRONCHIOLES

ALVEOLI
(IN LUNGS)

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Q13. Explain the mechanism of breathing in humans.
The process of breathing involves inhalation and exhalation.
a) DURING INHALATION
i. Ribs move up and outwards.
ii. Diaphragm moves downwards.
iii. This movement increases space in our chest cavity.
iv. Air rushes into the lungs.
v. The lungs get filled with air.
b) DURING EXHALATION
i. Ribs move down and inwards.
ii. Diaphragm moves upwards.
iii. This movement decreases space in our chest cavity.
iv. Air is pushed out of the lungs.

Q14. What is the role of fine hair and mucus in our nasal cavity?

• The air around us has various types of unwanted particles, such as smoke, dust, pollens, etc.
• The fine hair and mucus trap these and prevent them from entering our lungs.
• Mucus moistens the inhaled air too.

Q15. Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?

• When we inhale a lot of dust-laden air, it may get past the hair in the nasal cavity.
• This irritates the lining of the cavity, as a result of which we sneeze.
• Sneezing expels these foreign particles from the inhaled air and a dust free, clean air enters our
body.

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Q16. How does a cockroach breathe?

• Cockroach or other insects have small openings called spiracles on both sides of their body.
• Spiracles open into a network of air tubes called tracheae.
• Oxygen rich air enters through spiracles and goes into the tracheal tubes.
• From there it diffuses into the body tissue, and reaches every cell of the body.
• Similarly, carbon dioxide is expelled through spiracles.

Q17. How does an earthworm breathe?

• Earthworms breathe through their moist and slimy skins.

• Gases can easily pass through their skin.

Q18. How does a frog breathe?

• Frogs breathe through their pair of lungs on land.

• Frogs breathe through their moist and slippery skin in water.

Q19. How does a fish breathe?

• Fish breathe through their gills.

• Gills are projections of the skin and well supplied with blood vessels.
• Gills help fish to absorb oxygen dissolved in water and expel carbon dioxide.
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Q20. Whales and dolphins often come up to the water surface. They even release a fountain
of water sometimes while moving upwards. Why do they do so?

• Whales and dolphins do not have gills.

• They are mammals and have lungs.
• They breathe in air through their nostril, called blowhole on their heads, when they swim near
the surface of water.
• Hence, they often come up to the surface to breathe in air.

Q21. How do plants respire?

• Plants mainly respire through their leaves.

• Leaves exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through stomata by diffusion.
• In plants, each part can independently take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide.
• Roots take in oxygen from the air spaces present between the soil particles and give out carbon
dioxide.
• Plants use oxygen to break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water.

Differentiate between Photosynthesis & Respiration.

Q22. What would happen if a potted plant is overwatered?

• If a plant is overwatered, air spaces in the soil get filled with water.
• Then root cells dont get air for respiration and the plant may die.

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 AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA
CLASS VII (2023-24)
SCIENCE
CH-6: RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS
WORKSHEET-I

LEVEL-1

I] Give one word for the following:

a) Organisms that can survive in the absence of air.

b) These organisms are used to prepare wine and beer.
c) Muscular floor of the chest cavity.
d) The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air.
e) Small openings on the sides of the body of Cockroach.
f) Normal breathing rate of a healthy human adult.
g) Partial breakdown of glucose produces this.

II] Multiple choice questions:

(i) When breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen, it is called
(a) anaerobic respiration (b) aerobic respiration
(c) regular respiration (d) all of these

(ii) Name the type of respiration which causes muscle cramps.

(a) Aerobic respiration (b) Anaerobic respiration
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

(iii) Name the term which means ‘taking in of air rich in oxygen into the body’.
(a) Exhalation (b) Inhalation
(c) Breathing (d) Respiration

(iv) Yeast is used to make

(a) curd (b) wine and beer
(c) bakery items (d) both (b) and (c)

(v) Earthworms breathe through

(a) skin (b) legs
(c) trachea (d) nose

(vi) The major source of oxygen for the aquatic animals is

(a) atmosphere (b) water
(c) soil (d) none of these

(vii) Which of the following animals breathe through skin as well as through lungs?
(a) Fish (b) Earthworm
(c) Cockroach (d) Frog

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(viii) Assertion- The breakdown of glucose occurs in the cell of an organism.
Reason- The oxygen inhale is used to breakdown glucose into carbon dioxide and water.

(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statement and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statement and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

(ix) Assertion- There are two types of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Reason- The types of respiration occur from the break-down of food with the use of oxygen or
without the use of oxygen.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statement and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statement and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

(x) Assertion- Breathing in and out is a simple physical process.

Reason- Breathing occurs only in animals and not in plants.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statement and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statement and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement

III] Answer the following:

i. Why do we respire?
ii. When does glucose breakdown into alcohol?
iii. What happens to the ribs and diaphragm during inhalation?
iv. Differentiate between breathing and respiration.

Level 2

I] Give appropriate reasons for the following:

i. Running makes a person breathe faster.

• During a physical activity, a person needs extra energy. So, he/she breathes faster.
• As a result, more oxygen is supplied to our cells.
• It speeds up the breakdown of food and more energy is released.

ii. We feel hungry after a physical activity.

• During a physical activity, a person needs extra energy which is supplied by the fast breakdown
of food.
• As a result, we feel hungry after a physical activity.
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 iii. When we exhale into lime water, it becomes milky.
• When we exhale, carbon dioxide is passes through lime water.
• It reacts with lime water to form Calcium Carbonate which make it milky.

Carbon dioxide + Lime water → Calcium Carbonate + Water

CO2 Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 H2O

iv. You get muscle cramps after walking or cycling for many hours.

• During strenuous physical activity, the demand for energy is high.

• But the supply of oxygen to produce the energy is limited.
• Then anaerobic respiration takes places in the muscle cells and produce lactic acid:

in the absence of
Glucose Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + energy
(in muscle) oxygen

• The lactic acid is produced because of the partial breakdown of glucose.

• The accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle cramps.

II] Draw a well-labelled diagram of Human Respiratory System.

Level 3

I] Answer the following questions:

i. Are human beings capable of aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Explain.

ii. How much air can a person hold in the lungs?
iii. Why do we yawn when we are sleepy or drowsy?

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