Ch-7 Respiration in organisms

NCERT EXEMPLAR SOLUTIONS

1. Sometimes, when we do heavy exercise, anaerobic respiration takes
place in our muscle cells. What is produced during this process?

(a) alcohol and lactic acid

(b) alcohol and CO2

(c) lactic acid and CO2

(d) lactic acid only

Soln:

The answer is (d) lactic acid only

Explanation:

During exercise, oxygen gets used up faster, to meet the energy requirement,
our body shifts to anaerobic respiration, because of which lactic acid is
produced in place of pyruvic acid.

2. Yeast is used in the wine and beer industries because it respires

(a) aerobically producing oxygen.

(b) aerobically producing alcohol.

(c) anaerobically producing alcohol.

(d) anaerobically producing CO2.

Soln:

The answer is (c) anaerobically producing alcohol.

Explanation:
Yeast respires anaerobically to produce ethanol and CO2. Due to this property,
it is used in the production of ethanol and alcoholic drinks.

3. During the process of exhalation, the ribs move

(a) down and inwards.

(b) up and inwards.

(c) down and outwards.

(d) up and outward.

Soln:

The answer is (a) down and inwards.

Explanation:

During exhalation, the diaphragm moves up, and ribs move downwards and
inwards, decreasing the space in the chest cavity, this increases the air
pressure inside the lungs and forces the air out of the lungs.

4. Breathing is a process that

(i) provides O2 to the body.

(ii) breaks down food to release energy.

(iii) helps the body to get rid of CO2.

(iv) produces water in the cells.

Which of the following gives the correct combination of functions of

breathing?

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (i) and (iii)

(d) (ii) and (iv)

Soln:

The answer is (c) (i) and (iii)

Explanation:

Breathing is a process oxygen-rich air is taken inside the body and carbon-di-
oxide rich air is expelled from the body with the help of respiratory organs.

5. Fish breathe with the help of gills which are richly supplied with blood
vessels. The gills help the fish to

(a) take in oxygen from the air.

(b) take in oxygen dissolved in water.

(c) absorb nutrients present in water.

(d) release waste substances in water.

Soln:

The answer is (b) take in oxygen dissolved in water.

Explanation:

Fishes use gills for the exchange of gases. As the water enters through mouth it
flows through gills. Capillaries in the gills absorb oxygen dissolved in water and
also help in expelling out CO2 from the body.

6. Earthworms and frogs breathe through their skin because of which the
skin of both the organisms is

(a) moist and rough.

(b) dry and rough.

(c) dry and slimy.

(d) moist and slimy.

Soln:

The answer is (d) moist and slimy.

Explanation:

The exchange of gases in earthworms and frogs takes place by diffusion

through moist body hence their skin appears moist and slimy.

Very Short Answer Questions

7. Mark the following statements as True or False. Correct the false
statements.

(a) Oxygen breaks down glucose outside the cells of organisms.

(b) Frogs can breathe through their skin as well as lungs.

(c) Insects have spiracles on the lower surface of the body.

(d) Exhaled air has more percentage of CO2 than inhaled air.

Soln:

a) False- Oxygen breaks down glucose inside the cells of organisms.

b)True

c) False- Insects have spiracles on the sides of the body.

d) True

8. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. (a) The roots of a plant take up
oxygen from the ______ trapped between the ________ particles. (b)
Diaphragm forms the ___________ of the chest cavity. (c) The exchange of
gases in the leaves takes place with the help of __________. (d) Cockroaches
breathe with the help of air tubes called ___________.

Soln:
(a) The roots of a plant take up oxygen from the Air trapped between
the soil particles. (b) The diaphragm forms the floor of the chest cavity. (c) The
exchange of gases in the leaves takes place with the help of stomata. (d)
Cockroaches breathe with the help of air tubes called tracheae.

Short Answer Questions

9. Pick the odd-one-out from each of the groups given below on the basis
of respiratory organs. Give a reason for your answer.

(a) cockroach, grasshopper, snail, ant

(b) lizard, cow, earthworm, snake

(c) crocodile, whale, dolphin, fish

(d) snake, tadpole, crow, goat

Soln:

a) Snail- Because snail does not breathe by trachea, whereas cockroach,

grasshopper and ants breathe by the trachea

b) Earthworm-because it breathes through its skin and it does not have lungs.

c) Fish- because fish don’t have lungs and they breathe by their gills.

d) Tadpoles- because tadpoles don’t have lungs and they breathe by their gills.

10. Which gas present in the air is essential for aerobic respiration? What
is the role of oxygen during respiration?

Soln:

Atmospheric oxygen is essential for the process of aerobic respiration.

Respiration is important because oxygen

breaks down food and releases energy.

11. On average, an adult human being at rest breathes 15–18 times per
minute. The breathing rate, however, may differ under different
conditions. Arrange the following activities given in the box in order of
increasing breathing rates and give a reason for your answer.

Soln:

sleeping > watching T.V. > brisk walk > cycling

When a person performs a physical activity, breathing becomes faster. Because

of this, more oxygen is required by the cells to get more energy.

12. On a very cold morning, Boojho and Paheli were talking with each
other as they walked down to their school. They observed that the air
coming out of their mouth looked like smoke. They were amused and
wondered how it happened. Help them find the answer.

Soln:

When the climate is cold warm and moist air exhaled by us condenses into
mist when it comes in contact with the cold air of the atmosphere. This looks
like smoke coming out of our mouth.

13. Whenever we feel drowsy or sleepy, we start yawning. Does yawning

help us in any way?

Soln:

When we feel sleepy, the rate of respiration slows down. Because of this, lungs
will not get enough oxygen and we yawn. Yawning brings extra oxygen to the
lungs and helps us in being awake.

14. Insects and leaves of a plant have pores through which they exchange
gases with the atmosphere. Can you write two points of differences
between these pores with respect to their position, number and extension
into the body?

Soln:
(i) Spiracles are present on the sides of the insects’ body while stomata are
present on the lower surface of leaves.

(ii) Spiracles are fewer in number as compared to stomata.

(iii) Spiracles lead to an extensive network of a tracheal system which is absent

in the leaves.

15. Paheli participated in a 400 m race competition held at her school

and won the race. When she came home, she had mixed feelings of joy
and pain as she had cramps in her leg muscles. After a massage, she was
relieved of the pain. Answer the following questions related to the
situation.

(a) What can be the possible reasons for the pain in her legs?

(b) Why did she feel comfortable after a massage?

Soln:

a) Pain in her legs might be because of the accumulation of lactic acid in her
muscles. During heavy physical activity muscle, cells respire anaerobically,
producing lactic acid.

b) The massage gave her relief because it improves the circulation of blood,
leading to an increased supply of oxygen

to the muscle cells, which helps the incomplete breakdown of lactic acid into
CO2 and water.

16. Observe Figure 10.1 carefully and answer the following questions.
(a) In which jar, will the amount of CO2 be the highest and why?

(b) In which jar, will the amount of CO2 be the lowest and why?

Soln:

a) Amount of CO2 will be the highest in jar C because mice in Jar C will breathe
out CO2, which results in the accumulation CO2 in the jar C.

b) Amount of CO2 will be the lowest in jar A because CO2 in jar A will be
utilized by plants to breathe.

17. Observe Figure 10.2 carefully and answer the following questions.
(a) Which process is being tested in the activity?

(b) What is the result of the activity? Give reasons.

Soln:

a) This experiment is used to test the Exhalation process during respiration.

b) Lime water turns milky in test tube B and test tube A remains unchanged
because CO2 is present in

the exhaled air mixes with lime water in ‘B’ and turns it milky.

18. A food stall owner was preparing dough for making bhaturas. He added
a pinch of yeast and sugar to the dough and left it in a warm place. After a
few hours, the dough had risen. There was a sour smell too.

(a) Why did the dough rise?

(b) Why did the dough smell sour?

(c) Why was sugar added to the dough?

(d) What would have happened if the dough was kept in the refrigerator,
soon after it was prepared?

Soln:

a) CO2 produced by yeast during respiration makes the dough rise

b) During anaerobic respiration yeast produces alcohol. This gives sour smell to
the dough.

c) Sugar acts as food for yeast

d) If kept in the refrigerator, yeast will not respire and multiply and the dough
will not rise and will not produce a sour smell.

19. Observe the figures given in Figure 10.3 (A) and (B) and answer the
following.

(a) Which of the figures A or B indicates the process of inhalation and

which the process of exhalation?

(b) In the figure label the arrows and indicate the direction of

(i) movement of air

(ii) movement of diaphragm

(iii) movement of ribs

Soln:

a) Fig. (A) indicates inhalation, and Fig. (B) indicates exhalation.

b)

20. Match the names of organisms in Column I with their organs of

breathing given in Column II.

Column-I Column-II

a) Butterflies i) Lungs

b) Earthworms ii) Gills

c) Sparrow iii) Spiracles

d) Fish iv) Skin

Soln:

Column-I Column-II

a) Butterflies iii) Spiracles

b) Earthworms iv) Skin

c) Sparrow i) Lungs
d) Fish ii) Gills