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HMT Assignment 2

Heat transfer

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5 views8 pages

HMT Assignment 2

Heat transfer

Uploaded by

chdanish4253
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analytical Model:

Assumptions:

• The problem is essentially 1-D temperature varies according to radius only.


• The insulation is perfect hence no heat moves out or into the insulation channel.
• The coordinate of radius in taken increasing upward which means temperature is expected
to increase with increase in radius.

Control Volume analysis:


Qr Qgen

Qr-dr

𝑞𝑟 + 𝑞𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑞𝑟−𝑑𝑟

𝑑𝑞
𝑞𝑟 + 𝑞𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑞r – 𝑑𝑟 dr

𝑑𝑞
g’’’ A = 𝑑𝑟 (After solving)

Fourier’s Law:

𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑞
(𝐾𝐴 ) =
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
𝐾(2𝜋𝐿) 𝑟 = −𝑔′′′ 2𝜋𝑟𝐿
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

𝒅𝑻 𝒈′′′ 𝒓 𝒄𝟏
= − +
𝒅𝒓 𝟐𝒌 𝒓

𝒈′′′ 𝒓𝟐
𝑻=− + 𝒄𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒓 + 𝒄𝟐
𝟒𝒌

Boundary Conditions:

𝑟 = 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑄=0

𝑑𝑇
𝑘𝐴 | =0
𝑑𝑟 𝑟=𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡

−𝒈′′′ 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝟏
+ =𝟎
𝟐𝑲 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒕

𝑟 = 𝑟𝑖𝑛

𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣

𝑑𝑇
𝐾𝐴 | = ℎ𝐴(𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
𝑑𝑟 𝑟=𝑟 𝑖𝑛

Eventually equation becomes:

−𝒈′′′ 𝒓𝒊𝒏 𝒄 𝒉 𝒈′′′ 𝒓𝒊𝒏 𝟐


𝟐𝑲
+ 𝒓𝟏 = 𝑲 ( 𝟒𝑲
+ 𝒄𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒓𝒊𝒏 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝑻 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓)
𝒊𝒏

𝑔′′′ 𝑟𝑖𝑛 2
𝑇𝑒 = + 𝑐1 𝑙𝑛𝑟𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐2
4𝐾

We need another equation to solve for variables:

𝑄𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣

𝑰𝟐 𝑹 = 𝒉𝑨𝟏 (𝑻𝒆 − 𝑻 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓)

𝑃𝐿
𝑅=
𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠
These equations can be used in EES to solve for the problem and the variables can be obtained
the code for EES in below and the equations are written as:
Plot Rout Vs Tout:

Analysis:

From the plot it is clear that the increase in outer radius causes the temperature of the insulation
interface to drop this is because when the outer radius increases the cross-sectional area of the wire
increases hence, the resistance of the wire decreases so does the heat generated which leads to drop
in temperature.value

Outer radius value for Tout 100 (Celsius):


From the Table it can be seen that the minimum value of outer radius should be 0.1287 or 13 cm
m at this radius the insulation interface temperature will be exactly 100 degrees radius less than
this will lead to the increase in temperature and rating for the insulation will be crossed.

Numerical Model:

Now for the numerical approach we will divide the system into 100 nodes and it will consist of
internal nodes and external nodes separate energy balance equations will be developed for them.

Internal nodes:
Q i+1

∆𝑟 Q gen

Q i-1

Energy Balance:

Q i+1 + Q gen + Q i-1 = 0

2𝜋𝐿𝐾(𝑇𝑖+1 − 𝑇𝑖 ) ∆𝑟 2𝜋𝐿𝐾(𝑇𝑖−1 − 𝑇𝑖 ) ∆𝑟
[𝑟𝑖 + ] + [𝑟𝑖 − ] + 𝑔′′′ (2𝜋𝑟𝑖 𝐿∆𝑟) = 0
∆𝑟 2 ∆𝑟 2

Rearrange it to write in matrix form:

𝐾 ∆𝑟 𝐾 ∆𝑟 𝐾 ∆𝑟 𝐾 ∆𝑟
𝑇𝑖−1 ( (𝑟𝑖 − )) + 𝑇𝑖+1 ( (𝑟𝑖 + )) + 𝑇𝑖 (− (𝑟𝑖 − ) − ( (𝑟𝑖 + )))
∆𝑟 2 ∆𝑟 2 ∆𝑟 2 ∆𝑟 2
= 𝑔′′′𝑟𝑖 ∆𝑟

N th node:

Q gen + Q N-1 = 0

2𝜋𝐿𝐾(𝑇𝑁−1 − 𝑇𝑁 ) ∆𝑟
[𝑟𝑁 − ] + 𝑔′′′ (2𝜋𝑟𝑁 𝐿∆𝑟) = 0
∆𝑟 2
𝐾 ∆𝑟 𝐾 ∆𝑟
𝑇𝑁−1 ( (𝑟𝑁 − )) + 𝑇𝑁 (− (𝑟𝑁 − )) = 𝑔′′′𝑟𝑁 ∆𝑟
∆𝑟 2 ∆𝑟 2

First Node:

Q 2 + Q gen + Q conv = 0

2𝜋𝐿𝐾(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) ∆𝑟
[𝑟1 + ] + 𝑔′′′ (2𝜋𝑟1 𝐿∆𝑟)ℎ 𝑟𝑖𝑛] + ℎ(2𝜋𝑟𝑖𝑛 𝐿)(𝑇∞ − 𝑇1 ) = 0
∆𝑟 2

𝐾 ∆𝑟 𝐾 ∆𝑟
𝑇1 (− (𝑟1 + ) − ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛 ) + 𝑇2 ( (𝑟1 + )) = −𝑔′′′𝑟1 ∆𝑟 − ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛 𝑇∞
∆𝑟 2 ∆𝑟 2

Now this numerical system can be approximated using MATLAB where the radius changes with
each node and the closes approximations can be reached as we increase the number of nodes.

𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑟𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑖 = 𝑟𝑖𝑛 + ( )𝑖
𝑁

Code:
Conclusion:

There were two ways to approach this problem numerical way and analytical way while both of
the ways are closely related but the numerical approach can be refined by changing number of
nodes. Analytical way however is exact and maybe the suitable way to approach this problem
because in reality the temperature at the interface of the insulation should decrease as r outer
increases because less heat is then generated.

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