Scribd
Upload
11 views22 pages

MNE 201-ESO1-Lecture-24

Uploaded by

BTECH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views22 pages

MNE 201-ESO1-Lecture-24

Uploaded by

BTECH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

INTRODUCTION TO MINING

MNE - 201 (ESO1)


Lecture- 24
Underground Mining-1
Basic Coal Mining Methods
Coal Mining Bord and Development
Method Pillar Depillaring
Longwall Longwall
Method Advancing
Longwall
Retreating
Bord & Pillar Mining Methods
Figure: A common layout of working in Bord and Pillar Mining,
Access by Incline
Bord & Pillar Mining Methods:
Fundamentally, the bord and pillar method of
mining coal seams involves the driving of a
series of narrow headings in the seam parallel to
each other and connected by cross headings so as
to form pillars for subsequent extraction, either
partial or complete, as geological conditions or
necessity for supporting the surface, may permit
Ideally, the pillars should be square but they
are sometimes rectangular or of rhombus shape
and the galleries surrounding the pillars are
invariably of square cross-section
Bord: Gallery:
A roadway in coal seam
Pillar:
A solid block of coal which left for the support
of roof in underground mines
Figure: Bord and Pillar
method of mining
Applicability conditions of B & P miming:
1.Thickness of seam more than 1.5m (1.8 to 3 m
thickness are best, and for thicker seams up to
4.8 m in thickness )
2.Depth of seam should be shallow to moderate
(aprox. 300m, 600m)
3.Seam with strong roof and floor which can
strand for a long period after development stage
is over
4.Seam free from dirt band or stone
5.Seam free from geological disturbance
6.Seam which are not very gassy
7.Free from weathering action
Advantages of Bord and pillar method:
Maintenance cost is low
(All roadways in the seam are supported by solid
coal for as long as they are required, instead of
being formed and maintained in the goaf. This
results in better and less costly supports)
Pillar acts as a natural support
Production started from development stages
Unproductive work/labour (such as OB removal )
is reduced to a minimum and achieved a high OMS
(output per man shift)
The system is not dependent upon the
completion of specific operations by the end of
each shift, and the same operations are continued
from one working shift to the next. Multiple shift
getting with all its advantages is easily possible.
Applicable for geologically disturb area
Geological disturbance know during
development stage
Disadvantages of Bord and pillar method:
The percentage of extraction is usually less than
in longwall mining in similar conditions
The need for the constant flitting of machinery
from place to place
Subsidence in relation to the surface cannot be
controlled effectively
Strata control is not easy
Ventilation is generally poor because of multiple
connections and large number of ventilation
stoppings which provide sources of leakage
Risk of spontaneous heating (process of self-
heating of coal) is more
Bord and Pillar Mining System:
Bord and pillar mining method comprises two
phases:
1.Development / First working
2.Depillaring / Second working
1. Development / First working :
In this method Galleries are
driven to form Pillars in
such a way that all pillars
are separated by the galleries
are parallel to each other
Generally one set is parallel to the dip and the
other set is parallel to the strike
The stages of formation of Galleries and Pillars
known as development
Extraction percentage ~ 20-30%
2. Depillaring / Second working:
It is the process of extraction of coal from
pillars
It is also called pillar cutting or broken
working

Figure: Diagonal line of extraction Figure: Step diagonal line of extraction


FIGURE : Schematic diagram of room and pillar mining
method suitable for narrow coal and lignite deposits
Figure: Sequence of pillar extraction with diagonal
line of face
Types of depillaring:
1) Depillaring with stowing
2) Depillaring with Caving
1. Depillaring with stowing:
Depillaring with stowing is a method of pillar
extraction in which the goaf is completely
packed with incombustible material such as
sand and keep the surface and strata above the
seam intact after extraction of coal
It is the safe method after the depillaring as it
packs the goaf area so the chances of subsidence
is decreased
2. Depillaring with Caving:
In this method, the coal of pillars is extracted
and the roof is allowed to break and collapse
into the voids or the de-coaled area, known as
goaf
As the roof strata about the coal seam break,
the ground surface develops cracks and
subsides, the extent of damage depending upon
depth, thickness of the seam extracted, the
nature of strata, thickness of the subsoil and
effect of drag by faults

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy