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MNE 201-ESO1-Lecture-25

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10 views21 pages

MNE 201-ESO1-Lecture-25

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BTECH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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INTRODUCTION TO MINING

MNE - 201 (ESO1)


Lecture- 25
Underground Mining-2
Figure: Redistribution of forces as a result of excavation
Classification of Bord and Pillar Mining
System:
The bord and pillar system of mining can be done
in three ways, namely :
1) Develop the entire area into pillars and then
extract the pillars starting from the Boundary
2) Develop the area into panels and extract pillars
subsequently panel-wise. This is called panel
system of mining
3) “Whole” followed by “broken” working in which
the mine is opened out by a few headings only and
thereafter development and depillaring go on
simultaneously starting from the boundary
1. Development of entire area followed by
pillar extraction:
The first, system is attractive in that more
number of working faces can be made
available and thus more number of miners can
be given employment
Large output can be quickly built up
In the past this system was practised widely in
Indian mines and in certain mines with very few
coal cutting machines high outputs were
obtained
Disadvantages:
As the pillars have to stand for a long time before they are
extracted, spalling takes place and they get weakened.
Consequently, they may get crushed and there is the risk of
premature collapse
Ventilation may be sluggish due to greater percentage of
air leakage
Treatment of coal dust is costly and difficult
There is greater risk of fire spreading in the whole mine
Coal dust explosion cannot be contained; if it occurs, it
spreads throughout the mine
The work is scattered. Consequently, the output per man-
shift is low
Due to these disadvantage this system is not used these days
Figure: Development of entire area followed by
extraction of pillar
2. Panel system of mining:
In the Panel system of mining the coal seam is
divided into a number of panels separated from
one another by solid barrier of coal
Advantages:
Risk of loss of coal through spontaneous heating is limited.
In the event of fire occurring, the panel can be isolated from
other parts of the workings.
Similarly, explosions can be limited to the panel of
occurrence
Crushing of pillars is avoided
In one panel development and in another panel depillaring
can be done at the same time
Ventilation is improved. Each panel can be provided with
its separate intake and return. Also number of air stoppings
can be substantially reduced
Control of subsidence is possible. By working panels of
sub-critical width, magnitude of subsidence can be reduced
By suitable design using yield pillar techniques percentage
extraction can be improved
Disadvantages:
Considerable amount of coal is lost in barriers.
Generally, in Indian practice roughly 20% of coal is
lost in the barriers.
More number of air crossings are required for
ventilation purposes.
Each panel must have its own independent coal
cutting machine and haulage. Flitting of coal cutting
machine from one panel to the other panel is not
practicable.
Crushing of barriers may result in joining of two
panels with consequent spread of fire (if it existed in
any one of the panels) and delayed and sudden
subsidence.
3. “Whole" followed by "broken" workings:
The current trend, however, is to open-out the mine
with as few headings as possible (say three to five)
and retreat back from the boundary, ‘broken’
workings following the ‘whole‘ workings in suitable
size panels. This system is superior over others in
the following respects-
Ventilation is efficient
Coal dust treatment is simpler
With intensive machine mining high outputs can be
obtained. Even in the opening out stage high outputs
can be obtained using intensive mechanisation and
output per man shift (OMS) can be high.
Organisation is simpler
Crush and premature collapse of pillars is a
remote possibility
Haulage can be simpler
As the development and extraction of pillars
go together, same transport system as for
development can be used for extraction work
also in its retreating passage
Control of fire is comparatively easy
Maximum faces= 3n -2 where n is total number of headings

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