GPON Fundamentals

GPON Fundamentals

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GPON Fundamentals

Foreword
⚫ ITU-T 984.1
⚫ ITU-T 984.2
⚫ ITU-T 984.3
⚫ ITU-T 984.4
⚫ ITU-T 984.5
⚫ ITU-T 984.6

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• GPON standards mainly include:

▫ ITU-T G.984.1: General Characteristics. This protocol mainly describes the basic
features and major protection modes of GPON.

▫ ITU-T G.984.2: Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Layer Specification. This

protocol mainly describes the PMD layer parameters, including physical
parameters (such as the transmit optical power, receiver sensitivity, and overload
optical power) of optical transceivers, and also defines optical budget of different
levels, for example, the most common Class B+.

▫ ITU-T G.984.3: Transmission Convergence Layer Specification. This protocol

mainly describes the TC layer specifications, including the upstream and
downstream frame structures and GPON principle.

▫ ITU-T G.984.4: ONT Management And Control Interface Specification. This

protocol mainly describes the GPON management and maintenance protocols,
such as OAM, PLOAM, and OMCI.

▫ ITU-T G.984.5: Enhancement Band. This protocol mainly describes the GPON
wavelength planning, including reserving bands for next-generation PON.

▫ ITU-T G.984.6: Reach Extension. This protocol mainly describes several long reach
PON schemes for extending GPON transmission distance.
GPON Fundamentals

Objectives
⚫ Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe GPON Network Architecture
 Outline GPON Basic Concepts
 Outline GPON Key Technologies
 Outline GPON Applications
 Outline 10G GPON Concepts and Technologies

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GPON Fundamentals

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Frame Structure

4. GPON Key Technologies

5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

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GPON Fundamentals

What is Access Network?

⚫ Definition:
 An access network is that part of a telecommunications network which
connects subscribers to their immediate service provider.
⚫ Classification based on transmission media:
 Wired
◼ Twisted-pair/Coaxial-cable/Fiber

 Wireless
◼ Wi-Fi/WiMAX etc.

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• 1. Copper line:

▫ HDSL/ADSL/VDSL
• 2. Fiber

▫ GPON/EPON
• 3. Wireless

▫ Wi-Fi
• HDSL: high-speed digital subscriber line
• ADSL: asymmetric digital subscriber line
• VDSL: very high speed digital subscriber line
• AN: Access Network
GPON Fundamentals

Architecture of Optical Access Network

Customer Premise
Center Office
Equipment
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
DSLAM

ODN
Curb
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC OLT
DSLAM

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTB OLT
ONU

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTH OLT
ONT

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• The optical section of a local access network system can be either active or passive and
its architecture can be either point-to-point or point-to-multipoint.
• Fiber access scenario can be FTTC, FTTB, FTTH.

▫ FTTC scenario(Fiber to the Curb)

▪ MDU: Multi-dwelling unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of

ports, inlcluding ADSL2+, VDSL2, and so on.

▫ FTTB scenario(Fiber to the Building)

▪ SBU: Single business unit ; providing a comparatively small number of

ports such as POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports

▪ MTU: Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a comparatively larger number

of ports, including POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports.

▫ FTTH scenario(Fiber to the Home)

▪ SFU: Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports,

including the following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and RF.
GPON Fundamentals

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Frame Structure

4. GPON Key Technologies

5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

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GPON Fundamentals

What is GPON?
⚫ GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network
⚫ PON is short for Passive Optical Network;
⚫ GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;

Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Optical Network Unit (ONU) Optical Distribution Network (ODN).
Passive Optical Network Optical
Network Terminal
VoIP
Passive Optical
Splitter ... ...
Internet
Optical Network
Optical Line

...
Unit
Terminal

IPTV ..

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• Introduction to the PON System

▫ The OLT is an aggregation device located at the central office(CO) for

terminating the PON protocol.

▫ ONUs are located on the user side, providing various types of ports for
connecting to user terminals. The OLT and ONUs are connected through a
passive ODN for communication.

▫ The ODN is composed of passive optical components such as optical fibers, and
one or more passive optical splitters. The ODN providesoptical channels between
the OLT and ONUs. It interconnects the OLTand ONUs and is highly reliable.
• A PON network differs from the traditionalbroadband access network in that PON
transmits data using optical fibers. Also, a PON network can connect a large number
of access users,requires less optical fiber resources, and supports a high
accessrate.GPON is a gigabit passive optical network technology and is to date the
most widely used mainstream opticalaccess technology.
GPON Fundamentals

Why GPON?
⚫ GPON supports:
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 2.5G
 Triple-play service
Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / VDSL2 PON
Technology
◼ HDTV: 10-20M/program; Copper Based Copper Based Fiber Based

Coverage ~20km
<3km <2km <1km
◼ Data: 10M; diameter

Internet VoD Live TV

◼ Video Conference: 4.5M Service Video conference HDTV VoD
requirements Game
Remote control HDTV
⚫ GPON is the choice of large 2002 2003 2006 2012
Time
carriers in the international
High-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps
market.
Long-reach up to 20km

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• GPON supports Triple－play service, providing competitive all-service solution.

• GPON supports high-bandwidth transmission to break down the bandwidth bottleneck
of the access over twisted pair cables, so as to satisfy the requirements of high-
bandwidth services, such as IPTV and live TV broadcasts.
• GPON supports the long-reach (up to 20 km) service coverage to overcome the
obstacle of the access technology over twisted pair cables and reduce the network
nodes.
• With complete standards and high technical requirements, GPON supports integrated
services in a good way.
• GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.
• VOD: Video-On-Demand
• HDTV: High-Definition TV
GPON Fundamentals

GPON Principle - Data Multiplexing

⚫ GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction
communication over a single fiber.
1310nm

ONU/ONT

OLT Splitter

1490nm

⚫ To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber, GPON

adopts two mechanisms:
 In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
 In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner

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• Introduction to the GPON System

▫ GPON is a PON technology. GPON supports an upstream rate of 1.25Gbit/s and

downstream access rate of 2.5 Gbit/s, and also supports ultra-long transmission
with a maximum physical reach of 20 km and maximum logical reach of 60 km.
At the same time, GPON supports a1:64 split ratio, which can be extended to
1:128 and enables GPON to support a large number of users and cover a wide
area.

▫ In the GPON network, the OLT is connected to the optical splitter through a
single optical fiber, and the optical splitter is then connected to ONUs. Different
wavelengths are adopted in the upstream and downstream directions for
transmitting data. The upstream wavelength is 1310 nm and downstream
wavelength is 1490 nm. The GPON adopts WDM to transmit data of different
upstream/downstream wavelengths over the same ODN. Data is broadcast in the
downstream direction and transmitted in the TDMA mode (based on timeslots)
in the upstream direction.
GPON Fundamentals

GPON Principle - Downstream

⚫ Broadcast mode
Data for specified ONU

1
Data for specified ONU

1 2 3 1 2 3 2

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• In the downstream direction, all data is broadcast to all ONUs from the OLT. The
ONUs then select and receive their respective data and discard the other data.
• In the downstream, the traffic are carried by GEM frame, and broadcast to all the
ONUs. The ONU filters the cells based on their GEM Port-ID. Only frames with the
appropriate Port-IDs are allowed through to the GEM client function.
GPON Fundamentals

GPON Principle - Upstream

⚫ TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode
Data from specified user

1
Data from specified ONU

1 2 3 2 2

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• In the upstream direction, each ONU can send data to the OLT only in the timeslot
permitted and allocated by the OLT. This ensures that each ONU sends data in a given
sequence, thus avoiding upstream data conflicts.
• In the upstream, the traffic is sent to OLT based on different time slots.
GPON Fundamentals

Basic Performance Parameters

Upstream Downstream
Rate(Gbps) Rate(Gbps)
1.24416 Gbit/s up,
0.15552 1.24416
2.48832 Gbit/s
0.62208 1.24416 down is the
mainstream speed
1.24416 1.24416
0.15552 2.48832
0.62208 2.48832 Maximum logical reach 60 km
1.24416 2.48832 Maximum physical reach 20 km

2.48832 2.48832 Maximum differential fibre 20 km

distance

The distance Maximum Split ratio 1:128

between nearest
and farthest
ONTs is 20 km

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• Logical reach: Logical reach is the maximum distance between ONU/ONT and OLT
except for the limitation of the physical layer. In GPON, the maximum logical reach is
defined as 60 km.
• Physical reach: Physical reach is the maximum physical distance between the
ONU/ONT and the OLT. In GPON,two options are defined for the physical reach: 10
km and 20 km.
• Differential fiber distance: In GPON, the maximum differential fiber distance is 20 km.
This affects the size of the ranging window and provides compliance with ITU-T Rec.
G.983.1.
• Maximum mean signal transfer delay: GPON must accommodate services that require
a maximum mean signal transfer delay of 1.5 ms.
• Split ratio:

▫ Basically, the larger the split ratio is for GPON, the more attractive it is for
operators. However, a larger split ratio implies greater optical splitting which
creates the need for an increased power budget to support the physical reach.

▫ Split ratios of up to 1:64 are realistic for the physical layer given current
technology. However, anticipating the continued evolution of optical modules,
the TC layer must consider split ratios up to 1:128
GPON Fundamentals

Attenuation and Power Budget

About 0.35 dB per km
⚫ Fiber attenuation relates to the fibre length for 1310,1490nm

⚫ The attenuation of fibre splicing point is generally less than 0.2dB

⚫ Other factors may cause attenuation, such as fibre bending

Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss

Class A Class B Class B＋ Class C+

Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one system type than for another, e.g. the
class C attenuation range is inherently more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at
each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.

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• System attenuation = fiber loss+ splitter attenuation+ splicing points attenuation+

others = 0.35*L(Transmission Distance)+ 3* M (level of splitters)+ 0.2* N (Number of
splicing points)
• i.e. ODN 10km, one 1:2 splitter and one 1:32(32=25)splitter, 10 splicing points
• System attenuation= 10*0.35+ 3+3* 5+10*0.2

Items Unit Single fibre

OLT: OLT

Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5

Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -28
Minimum overload dBm -8
ONU: ONU

Mean launched power MIN dBm 0.5

Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -27
Minimum overload dBm -8
GPON Fundamentals

Q&A
1. PON system consists of _______, ______ and ______.

2. WDM is short for _____________________.

3. The technology which GPON controls upstream data sending to avoid

conflicts is called ___________.

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• OLT, ODN and ONU.

• wavelength division multiplexing
• TDMA
GPON Fundamentals

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Frame Structure

4. GPON Key Technologies

5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

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GPON Fundamentals

GPON Multiplexing Architecture - Upstream

Figure 1 Principle of service multiplexing in the GPON system

GEM:GPON Encapsulation Mode

T-CONT:Transmission Container
Identified Identified Identified
by ONU-ID by Alloc-ID by Port-ID
Figure 2 GPON service mapping relationship

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• Basic GPON Concepts:

▫ GEM: In the GPON system, a GPON encapsulation mode (GEM) frame is the
smallest service-carrying unit and the most basic encapsulation structure. All
service streams are encapsulated into the GEM frame and transmitted over
GPON lines. The service streams are identified by GEM ports and every GEM port
is identified by a unique Port-ID. The Port-ID is globally allocated by the OLT.
That is, the ONUs connected to the OLT cannot use GEM ports that have the
same Port-ID. The GEM port is used to identify the virtual service channel that
carries the service stream between the OLT and the ONU. It is similar to the
VPI/VCI of the ATM virtual connection.

▫ T-CONT: a service carrier in the upstream direction in the GPON system. All GEM
ports are mapped to T-CONTs. Then, service streams are transmitted upstream
by means of the OLT's DBA scheduling. T-CONT is the basic control unit of the
upstream service stream in the GPON system. Every T-CONT is identified by
Alloc-ID. The Alloc-ID is globally allocated by the OLT. That is, every T-CONT can
be used by only one ONU connected to the OLT.
GPON Fundamentals

Q&A
1. For GPON technology, the smallest service-carrying unit is ___________.

2. What is the TCONT used for?

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• GEM PORT
• TCONT: a service carrier in the upstream direction in the GPON system
• TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed in
to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission,because both of the TDM and GEM
transfer time are 125us/frame.
GPON Fundamentals

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Frame Structure

4. GPON Key Technologies

5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

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GPON Fundamentals

Contents
4. GPON Key Technologies
4.1 DBA
4.2 Encryption

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GPON Fundamentals

DBA
⚫ What is DBA?
 DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
⚫ Why DBA?
 It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
 More users can be added on a PON port.
 Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.
⚫ DBA operation modes
 SR-DBA: status report-DBA
 NSR-DBA: non status report-DBA

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• The G-PON system supports Dynamic Bandwidth allocation via status reporting and
also OLT traffic monitoring (i.e., non-status reporting). All OLTs provide traffic
monitoring DBA, so that ONUs that do not report status can obtain some basic DBA
functionality.
GPON Fundamentals

SR-DBA Working Principle

⚫ DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and
sends the algorithm result in the form of BW Map to ONUs .
⚫ Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots
specified to themselves and utilizes the upstream bandwidth.
OLT DBA report ONU
DBA
algorithm Control
logic BW Map platform

Data
platform
T-CONT

Time slot T-CONT

Scheduler
T-CONT

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• In the case of status reporting DBA, there are three mechanisms for signalling DBA
reports over the G-PON: status indications in the PLOu, piggy-back reports in the DBRu,
and ONU report in the DBA payload.
• DBA
▫ In the GPON system, the OLT controls an ONU's upstream data traffic by sending
authorization signals to the ONU. PON requires an effective TDMA mechanism to
control the upstream traffic, so that datapackets from multiple ONUs do not
collide when packets are transmitted upstream. Nevertheless, the collision-based
mechanism requires QoS management in an optical distribution network (ODN),
a passive network. This is physically impossible, or causessevere efficiency
decrease. Due to the above-mentioned reason, a mechanism for management of
the upstream GPON traffic has been a primary focus in standardization of GPON
traffic management. It drives the development of the ITU-TG.983.4
Recommendation,which defines the dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA)
protocol for management of the upstream PON traffic.
▫ DBA principle shows the DBA principle. The GPON system controls the upstream
traffic by allocating dataauthorization to each transmission container (T-CONT)
inside the ONU. The OLT needs to know the traffic status of a T-CONT to
determine the authorized amount to be allocated to the T-CONT. By using the
DBRu field or the Payload field in the upstreamframe, the ONUs report their data
statuses to the OLT. After receiving ONUs' data statuses, the OLT uses DBA to
periodically update the upstream BWmap information according to the status of
ONU data waiting to be sent and notifies all ONUs of the updatesthrough the
downstream frame. Thus, every ONU can dynamically adjust its upstream
bandwidth according to the actual data traffic to be sent, thereby improving the
utilization of upstream bandwidth.
GPON Fundamentals

SR-DBA Operation
⚫ Based on the algorithm result of last time, OLT D/S Direction ONT
OLT
① PCBd US BW
Payload
delivers BW Map in the header of downstream Map

frame. U/S Direction

② Data Report
⚫ Based on the bandwidth allocation information,
ONU sends the status report of data currently
waiting in T-CONTs in the specified time slots. ③

⚫ OLT receives the status report from the ONU,

updates BW Map through DBA algorithm and
then delivers the new BW Map in the next frame.
④
⚫ ONU receives the BW Map from the OLT and
sends data in the specified time slots.

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• Based on the algorithm result of last time, OLT delivers BW Maps in the header of
downstream frames.
• Based on the bandwidth allocation information, ONU sends the status report of data
currently waiting in T-CONTs in the specified time slots.
• OLT receives the status report from the ONU, updates BW Map through DBA
algorithm and then delivers the new BW Map in the next frame.
• ONU receives the BW Map from the OLT and sends data in the specified time slots.
GPON Fundamentals

T-CONT Bandwidth Terms

⚫ Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants delivered by OLT. T-
CONTs are used for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON section
of the Transmission Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream
bandwidth utilization in the PON.
⚫ T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
⚫ Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3,

Type4, and Type5.

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• FB: Fixed Bandwidth

• AB: Assured Bandwidth
• NAB: None-assured Bandwidth
• BE: Best Effort
• Type1: FB
• Type2: AB
• Type3: AB+NAB
• Type4: BE
• Type5: mixed
GPON Fundamentals

T-CONT Type and Bandwidth Type

⚫ Type1 T-CONT is the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to time delay and of
higher priorities, such as voice services.
⚫ Type2 and type3 T-CONT is the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services and
data services of higher priorities.
⚫ Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email), and
services of lower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
⚫ Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.
T-CONT Type
Bandwidth Type
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5
Fixed Bandwidth X No No No X

Assured Bandwidth No Y Y No Y

Maximum Z=X Z=Y Z>Y Z Z≥X+Y

Bandwidth

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• Basic GPON Concepts

▫ T-CONT: a service carrier in the upstream direction in the GPON system. All GEM
ports are mapped to T-CONTs.Then, service streams are transmitted upstream by
means of the OLT'sDBA scheduling. T-CONT is the basic control unit of the
upstream service stream in the GPON system. Every T-CONT is identified by
Alloc-ID.The Alloc-ID is globally allocated by the OLT. That is, every T-CONT can
be used by only one ONU connected to the OLT.

▫ There are five types of T-CONT; therefore, T-CONT selection varies during the
scheduling of different types of upstream service streams. Every T-CONT
bandwidth type has its own quality of service (QoS) feature. QoS is mainly
represented by the bandwidth guarantee, which can be classifiedas fixed, assured,
non-assured, best-effort, and hybrid mode (correspondingto type 1-type 5 in T-
CONT types).

▫ NOTE:

▪ In T-CONT types, X indicates the fixed bandwidth value, Y the assured

bandwidthvalue, and Z the maximum bandwidth value.
GPON Fundamentals

Contents
4. GPON Key Technologies
4.1 DBA
4.2 Encryption

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GPON Fundamentals

AES Encryption in GPON

⚫ OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.
⚫ GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
⚫ In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
⚫ GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the
reliability of the line. ONT 1 1 1 User1

Decryption

1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1
OLT ONT 2 User2

Encryption Decryption

ONT 3 3 User3
AES: Advanced Encrypt Standard
Decryption
A globally-used encryption algorithm

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• Line Encryption
▫ In the GPON system, downstream data is broadcast to all ONUs. As a result,
downstream data destined for certain ONUs or all ONUs may be intercepted by
illegal users. At the same time, the GPON system is uniquely and highly data-
directional. Therefore, almost every ONU cannot intercept the upstream data of
other ONUs, thus allowing some private information (such as key) to be safely
transmitted in the upstream direction. The GPON system uses the line encryption
technology to solve the security issues.
• Encryption system
▫ The GPON system uses AES128 encryption for line security control, thereby
effectively preventing security issues such as data embezzlement. In the AES128
encryption system, the OLT supports key exchange and switchover.
• Key exchange and switchover
▫ The key exchange is initiated by the OLT. The OLT does so by sending a key
exchange request. The ONU responds by generating and sending the key to the
OLT. Because the PLOAM message is limited in length, the key is sent in two
parts. The two parts of the key are sent three times repeatedly. If the OLT has
not received the key for any of the three times, it will re-send the key exchange
request until it receives the same key all three times the key is sent. When the
OLT receives a new key, it starts the key switchover. The OLT notifies the ONU by
sending a command containing the frame number of the new key. This
command will be sent for three times. As long as the ONU receives the
command once, it will switch over the check key on proper data frames.
GPON Fundamentals

Q&A
1. DBA is short for ______________________.

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• DBA: dynamic bandwidth Assignment

GPON Fundamentals

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Frame Structure

4. GPON Key Technologies

5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 28

GPON Fundamentals

GPON Terminal Authentication and Management

⚫ GPON terminal authentication is a mechanism in which an OLT authenticates an
ONU by the SN or password of the ONU and in this way denies access to
unauthorized ONUs.
 In the GPON system, only authenticated ONUs can access the system.
Implementing authentication meets the carriers' requirements for flexible
management and easy maintenance.
⚫ GPON ONU main authentication:
 SN authentication(mainly)
 Password authentication(mainly)
 SN+Password authentication
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• GPON ONU authentication

▫ After passing the authentication, the ONU can go online and transmit data. The
ONU selectively receives downstream data based on the GEM port. Each ONU
checks the GEM port ID of the received frame, and accepts the frame if the GEM
port ID of the frame is the same as its own GEM port ID or if the GEM port ID is
a multicast GEM port ID (4095 by default, and configurable from 4000 to 4095).
Otherwise, the ONU discards the frame. The authentication process applies to
the ONU that is pre-configured on the OLT.

▫ In the case of an ONU that is not pre-configured on the OLT, see the processing
flowchart as shown:
GPON Fundamentals

GPON Terminal Management

⚫ GPON system are mainly managed through OMCI messages：
 ONU service provisioning
 ONU remote centralized management
iManager U2000 BMS

SNMP

OMCI OLT

ONU

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• GPON Terminal Management

• The ONUs in a GPON system are managed through physical layer OAM (PLOAM)
messages and OMCI messages. PLOAM messages are mainly used for communicating
the management and maintenance information, such as the DBA information and
DBRu information, at the GPON physical layer and TC layer. OMCI messages are
mainly used for managing and maintaining the service layer, such as discovering the
hardware capability of equipment, maintaining various alarm information, and
configuring service capabilities. OMCI messages fully comply with the ITU-T G.984.4
Recommendations.
• NOTE: The PLOAM protocol is defined in ITU-T G.984.3 and is used for maintenance
and management at the physical layer.
• OMCI is a master-slave management protocol. The OLT is the master device and the
ONU is the slave device. The OLT controls multiple downstream ONUs through OMCI
channels.
GPON Fundamentals

OMCI Mode
⚫ Internet service/IPTV service configuration
 delivery through OMCI

OMCI SNMP

ONT OLT EMS

OMCI

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• The configuration data is issued to the ONU through the optical network termination
management and control interface (OMCI) message to complete the service
configuration on the ONU.
GPON Fundamentals

OMCI+config Files Mode

⚫ Internet service/IPTV service configuration
 delivery through OMCI
⚫ VOIP service configuration:
 OLT download configuration files from the network management by FTP, then distributed
it to ONT through OMCI channel

FTP
Config File

OMCI SNMP

ONT OLT EMS

OMCI+ config files

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• The configuration data is issued to the ONU through the optical network termination
management and control interface (OMCI) message to complete the service
configuration on the ONU.
• The voice service of the ONT is issued to the EMS for configuration through XML which
can be download form FTP.
• 1.OLT download the XML configuration file of voice services from the network
management by FTP mode.
• 2.OLT send the file to ONT through OMCI to complete voice service configuration.
GPON Fundamentals

OMCI+SNMP Mode
⚫ All the service configuration is issued to the ONT by EMS through SNMP method
⚫ All the service of ONT is configured through CLI (command Line Interface)
 Login the system through telnet method
 The IP address of VLAN or METH port can be issued to ONT through OMCI method

SNMP

OMCI SNMP

ONT OLT EMS

OMCI＋SNMP

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 33

GPON Fundamentals

OMCI+TR069 Mode
⚫ The OMCI still for the PON link layer configuration management, status
performance management, fault management
⚫ IP-based business (such as: Internet services, VoIP services, etc.) managed by
ACS through TR-069

TR-069 ACS

OMCI SNMP

VoIP RG PON OLT EMS

OMCI＋TR069

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 34

• RG: Residential Gateway

• VOIP/RG: Layer 3 Service
• PON: Layer 2 link

▫ OMCI is used for the configuration management, status performance

management, and fault management in the link layer of PON.
GPON Fundamentals

GPON Service Provisioning

Carriers’ nightmare
Initial configurations (such as service system Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
information configuration, data configuration) are
required on terminals and then they can be put into GPON supports zero configuration on
use. To finish these configurations, it is not cost- terminals and plug-and-play of terminals,
effective to carriers. which is cost-effective.

Application scenario

1 Subscribe for services

CRM Order Management Service Provisioning Billing

2 Configure service network

NMS U2000

3 Send terminals to users

1 Finish the auto-configuration of OLT

Access Network
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT 3

2
STB ONT ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number ONT
User ONT

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 35

• OSS: Operating Support System

• OSS based on TL1/XML assign service to NMS, NMS manage and control OLT based
on SNMP, FTP; OLT assign the new service to customer ONT from OMCI. Every time,
ONT is powered on, OMCI will be active and new services will be active into ONT
dynamically, while there’s no service configuration in ONT.
• All the operation and maintenance of ONTs can be implemented from NMS remotely,
including triple-play services, software upgrading etc.
GPON Fundamentals

Summary
⚫ In this presentation, we introduced GPON basic concepts, architecture and
principles.
⚫ We also discussed about GPON terminal authentication and management
and GPON service provisioning.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 36

GPON Fundamentals

Thank You
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