GPON Fundamentals

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 References
 ITU-T 984.1

 ITU-T 984.2

 ITU-T 984.3

 ITU-T 984.4

 ITU-T 984.5

 ITU-T 984.6

 ITU-T 987.X

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 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Describe GPON Network Architecture

 Outline GPON Basic Concepts

 Outline GPON Key Technologies

 Outline GPON Applications

 Outline 10G GPON Concepts and Technologies

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 Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection

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What is Access Network?
 Definition:
 An access network is that part of a telecommunications
network which connects subscribers to their immediate service
provider.

 Classification based on transmission media:

 Wired
 Twisted-pair/Coaxial-cable/Fiber

 Wireless
 Wi-Fi/WiMAX etc.

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 Architecture of Optical Access Network
Customer Premise
Center Office
Equipment
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
DSLAM

ODN
Curb
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC OLT
DSLAM

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTB OLT
ONU

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTH OLT
ONT

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 Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection

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 What is GPON?
Passive Optical Network Optical
Network Terminal

VoIP
Passive Optical
Splitter ... ...
Internet
Optical Network
Optical Line Unit
Terminal
... ...
IPTV

 GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

 PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
 GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;
 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Optical Network Unit (ONU) Optical Distribution Network (ODN).

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Why GPON?
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 2.5G

Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / VDSL2 PON

Technology Copper Based Copper Based Fiber Based

Coverage ~20km
<3km <2km <1km
diameter

Internet VoD Live TV

Service Video conference HDTV VoD
requirements Game
Remote control HDTV

2002 2003 2006 2012

Time
 GPON supports :
 Triple-play service
High-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps
 HDTV: 10-20M/program; Long-reach up to 20km
 Data: 10M;
 Video Conference: 4.5M

 GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

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GPON Principle-Data Multiplexing
 GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-
direction communication over a single fiber.

1310nm

ONU/ONT

OLT Splitter

1490nm

 To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,

GPON adopts two mechanisms:
 In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
 In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner

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GPON Principle-Downstream
Data for specified ONU

1
Data for specified ONU

1 2 3 1 2 3 2

 Broadcast mode

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GPON Principle-Upstream
Data from specified user

1
Data from specified ONU

1 2 3 2 2

 TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode

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 GPON Network Model Reference

UNI R/S ODN S/R SNI

ONU/ONT OLT Service node

WDM WDM V reference point

T reference point IFpon IFpon
Optical
CATV 1550nm splitter NE
NE

 OLT Optical Line Terminal  WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex Module

 ONU Optical Network Unit  NE Network Element
 ONT Optical Network Terminal  SNI Service Node Interface
 ODN Optical Distribution Network  UNI User Network Interface

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Basic Performance Parameters
Upstream Downstream
Rate(Gbps) Rate(Gbps)
1.24416 Gbit/s up,
0.15552 1.24416 2.48832 Gbit/s
down is the
0.62208 1.24416
mainstream speed
1.24416 1.24416

0.15552 2.48832
Maximum logical reach 60 km
0.62208 2.48832
Maximum physical reach 20 km
1.24416 2.48832
Maximum differential fibre 20 km
2.48832 2.48832 distance
The distance Maximum Split ratio 1:128
between nearest
and farthest
ONTs is 20 km

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Attenuation and Power Budget
 Fiber attenuation relates to the fibre length
 The attenuation of fibre splicing point is About 0.35 dB per km
generally less than 0.2dB for 1310,1490nm

 Other factors may cause attenuation, such

as fibre bending

Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss

Class A Class B Class B＋ Class C+

Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently more
stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of
the ODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.

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 Questions
 PON system consists of _______, ______ and ______.

 WDM is short for _____________________.

 The technology which GPON controls upstream data

sending to avoid conflicts is called ___________.

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 Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection

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GPON Multiplexing Architecture -
Upstream

Figure 1 Principle of service multiplexing in the GPON system

GEM:GPON Encapsulation Mode

T-CONT:Transmission Container
Identified Identified Identified
by ONU-ID by Alloc-ID by Port-ID
Figure 2 GPON service mapping relationship

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GPON Multiplexing Architecture -
Downstream

Shaded GEM Port indicates multicast service

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 GPON Frame Structure
Downstream Framing
125us
Physical Control Block
Downstream (PCBd) Payload
Upstream ONT 1
Bandwidth Map 1

AllocID Start End AllocID Start End AllocID Start End

1 100 200 x 300 500 y 501 650

x ONT 2
OLT
y
T-CONT1 T-CONT x T-CONT y
(ONT 1) (ONT 2) (ONT 2)
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
100 200 300 500 501 650
ONT 64
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu Y Payload y

Upstream Framing T-CONT T-CONT

x y

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Mapping of TDM Service in GPON
GEM Frame
TDM Buffer
PLI
Port ID
Ingress buffer PTI
HEC

TDM/E1
Payload
TDM/E1 data
TDM fragment

 TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.

 This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.

 Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services.

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Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
Ethernet Packet GEM Frame

PLI
Inter packet gap
Port ID 5 bytes
Preamble PTI
SFD CRC
DA

SA GEM
Length\Type Payload

MAC client data

FEC
EOF

 GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of
frames into the GEM Payload.
 GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
 Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It
also boasts good compatibility.

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 Questions
 For GPON technology, the smallest service-carrying unit is
___________.

 What is the TCONT used for?

 How does TDM data transmit in GPON system?

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 Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection

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 Contents
4. GPON Key Technologies
4.1 DBA

4.2 Encryption

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DBA
 What is DBA?
 DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment

 Why DBA?
 It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.

 More users can be added on a PON port.

 Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring

comparatively greater change in terms of the bandwidth.

 DBA operation modes

 SR-DBA: status report-DBA

 NSR-DBA: non status report-DBA

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SR-DBA Working Principle
OLT ONU
DBA report
DBA
algorithm Control
logic platform
BW Map

Data
platform
T-CONT

Time slot T-CONT

Scheduler
T-CONT

 DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and sends the algorithm result in the
form of BW Map to ONUs .

 Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots specified to themselves and utilizes
the upstream bandwidth.

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 SR-DBA Operation
D/S Direction ONT
OLT  Based on the algorithm result of last time,
① PCBd US BW
Map
Payload
OLT delivers BW Map in the header of
downstream frame.
U/S Direction
② Data Report  Based on the bandwidth allocation
information, ONU sends the status report of
data currently waiting in T-CONTs in the
specified time slots.
③
 OLT receives the status report from the
ONU, updates BW Map through DBA
algorithm and then delivers the new BW
Map in the next frame.
 ONU receives the BW Map from the OLT
④ and sends data in the specified time slots.

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T-CONT Bandwidth Terms
 Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants delivered by OLT. T-CONTs
are used for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON section of the
Transmission Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth
utilization in the PON.

 T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.

 Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

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T-CONT Type and Bandwidth Type
T-CONT Type
Bandwidth
Type Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5
Fixed X No No No X
Bandwidth
Assured No Y Y No Y
Bandwidth
Maximum Z=X Z=Y Z>Y Z Z≥X+Y
Bandwidth

 Type1 T-CONT is the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to time delay
and of higher priorities, such as voice services.
 Type2 and type3 T-CONT is the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services
and data services of higher priorities.
 Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email),
and services of lower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
 Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.

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 Contents
4. GPON Key Technologies
4.1 DBA

4.2 Encryption

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 AES Encryption in GPON
ONT 1 1 1 User1

Decryption

1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1
OLT ONT 2 User2

Encryption Decryption

ONT 3 3 User3
AES: Advanced Encrypt Standard Decryption
A globally-used encryption algorithm

 OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.

 GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
 In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
 GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliability of
the line.

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 Questions
 DBA is short for ______________________.

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 Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection

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GPON Terminal Authentication and
Management
 GPON terminal authentication is a mechanism in which an OLT
authenticates an ONU by the SN or password of the ONU and in
this way denies access to unauthorized ONUs.
 In the GPON system, only authenticated ONUs can access the
system. Implementing authentication meets the carriers' requirements
for flexible management and easy maintenance.

 GPON ONU main authentication:

 SN authentication(mainly)

 Password authentication(mainly),

 SN+Password authentication

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SN authentication
 In SN
authentication, the
OLT matches only
the ONU SN

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 Password authentication
 In password authentication, the OLT matches the ONU
password

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SN+Password authentication
 In SN+password authentication, the OLT matches both the
ONU SN and password

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GPON Terminal Management

 GPON system are mainly managed

through OMCI messages：
iManager U2000 BMS
 ONU service provisioning

 ONU remote centralized management

SNMP

OMCI OLT

ONU

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OMCI Mode
 Internet service/IPTV service configuration
 delivery through OMCI

OMCI SNMP

ONT OLT EMS

OMCI

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OMCI+config files Mode
 Internet service/IPTV service configuration
 delivery through OMCI

 VOIP service configuration :

 OLT download configuration files from the network management by
FTP, then distributed it to ONT through OMCI channel

FTP
Config File

OMCI SNMP

ONT OLT EMS

OMCI+ config files

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OMCI+SNMP Mode
 All the service configuration is issued to the ONT by EMS through SNMP
method

 All the service of ONT is configured through CLI (command Line Interface)
 Login the system through telnet method

 The IP address of VLAN or METH port can be issued to ONT through OMCI
method

SNMP

OMCI SNMP

ONT OLT EMS

OMCI＋SNMP

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GPON Service Provisioning
Carriers’ nightmare
Initial configurations (such as service system information Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
configuration, data configuration) are required on
terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish GPON supports zero configuration on
these configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers. terminals and plug-and-play of terminals,
which is cost-effective.

Application scenario

1 Subscribe for services

CRM Order Management Service Provisioning Billing

2 Configure service network

NMS U2000

3 Send terminals to users

1 Finish the auto-configuration of OLT

Access Network
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT 3

2
STB ONT ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number ONT
User ONT

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 Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection

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 Triple Play Solution in GPON
BB service platform
VoD
PC TL1/CORBA Server
/API Notification Middle
ware
IPTV SFU Carrier’s OSS
NMS

Phone

Internet
Ethernet
CPE MDU IP Core
Firewall
Splitter OLT

PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch

CBU
FE

E1
IP
Voice

CPE ODN ASP/ISP

NSP

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GPON Protection: Type B

Protection range
ONU 1

Splitter
OLT
ONU N
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

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GPON Protection: Type C Single
Homing
Protection range
ONU 1 Protection
Splitter
range

ONU N Splitter OLT

Protection range
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

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GPON Protection: Type C Dual Homing
Protection range Protection
ONU 1 Splitter range
OLT 1

OLT 2
ONU N Splitter

Protection range
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

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 Questions
 what is the differences between Type B protection and Type
B dual-homing protection ?

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 Summary
 In this presentation, we introduced GPON basic concepts,
architecture and principles.

 We also discussed about GPON terminal authentication and

management and GPON service provisioning.

 We introduced GPON network application and protection.

 At last, we introduced NG PON technologies briefly

andnetwork application.

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Thank you
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