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Module 5.3 Making Inference

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117 views18 pages

Module 5.3 Making Inference

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shoppe1518
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Reading and Writing Skills

MAKING
INFERENCE
Explain critical reading as reasoning (EN11/12RWS-IVac-8)
Objectives:
a. Differentiate jargon and slanting;
b. Make an inference based on the
read text; and
c. Collaborate with peers in analyzing
a text and presenting the five goals
of critical reading present in the
text.
LET US HAVE A RECAP
What is the difference
between JARGON and
SLANTING?
Analyzing a
Written Text
In analyzing a written text, it is important to take note of
the following

v Purpose/Context – What does the text aim to do?


Does it mean to persuade or does it contribute to a
discussion of an existing topic? What content does the
text cover? What purpose does it serve its readers?

v Author/s – Who wrote the text? What are his


qualifications for writing about the topic?
v Audience – What is its target audience? Where is the
text found? What does the author expect the reader to
get from his/her composition? Are you a part of the
author’s audience?

v Topic and Position – Is the author’s argument on the


topic at hand supported by valid evidence? Is the
author’s position clear? Is it presented as objective? Is
his/her stand based on other author’s position or
simply from personal observation/experience?
v Research/Sources – Do previous researches have a role
in supporting the author’s argument? Which of the
references elicits further discussion?

v Proof/Evidence – What are the proofs/evidence presented


by the author throughout the text? Did they come from
credible sources? What type of proof is used by the author
(e.g. references to other work, interpretations of other
work, original research, personal experience, author’s
opinions, critical analysis, etc.)? Do these proofs validate
the argument? Which of the evidence carries the most
weight?
v Organization – How are the information
organized in the text? For what particular reason
are they arranged in this particular way? Where
did the author plainly states his/her stand on the
topic? Is the organization driven more by the
content (the information that needs to be
presented), by the authors' argument, by the
needs of the audience, or by some combination
of the three?
v Style – What can you infer from the author’s choice of
words? From what perspective did the author write
the text? Was he/she inclusive with his/her choice of
words? Did they use jargons or slanted meanings? If
there are, were they properly defined for the reader’s
convenience and understanding? What other writing
techniques did the author apply in writing the text?
Analyze each sentence structure, figurative language
and rhetorical questions existing in the text.
v Drawing Conclusions – What does the author
want to highlight? Compare and contrast the text
with other similar ones. Identify the similarities
and differences in their approach of the same
topic.
Making
Inferences
ØAn inference is an idea or conclusion that’s drawn from
evidence and reasoning.
ØAn inference is an educated guess.
ØWhen you are making an inference, you are reading between
the lines or just looking carefully at the facts and coming to
conclusions.

The text, by itself, does not contain meaning. It is up to the


reader to interpret the meaning of the words, their usage and
structure in the text. The reader infers an interpretation of the
text through prior knowledge, social conventions, shared
experience or shared values.
Inferences are essential in both written and
spoken communication. A single sentence may
contain a variety of assertions. (It is a statement
made as part of an argument. This will be further
this discussed in Module 6)

Reading is an active, reflective, problem-


solving process. Readers do not simply read the
words, but ideas from a collection of assertions.
Some examples of inferences are the following:

ü A boy is wearing a Led Zeppelin T-shirt, glasses, and his


shoes have mud on them. One can infer he likes Led
Zeppelin, his eyesight is poor and he walked through
mud.

ü You adopt a puppy from the shelter and he seems


nervous and scared. He hides from loud noises and had
some noticeable scars. You can infer that he was abused
by his former owner
Short Quiz
Direction: Let’s try if you can infer where
I am and what I am doing, and what can
you infer about the feelings of the people
in the situations that I’ll be giving you.
The first one has been done for you.
1. Can you infer where I am?
It’s so dark in here. What’s that spooky sound? Oh I feel
somebody on my back! I’m getting nervous.

2. Can you infer where I am?


I hear the crowd cheer as the ball gets inside the ring.
The players whop with glee.

3. What can you infer from this?


Rey always carries his guitar with him.
What can you infer about Anna’s father?
After Anna broke the vase, her father turned and
walked away without saying anything.

5. What can you infer about the relationship of


the speaker and whom she is speaking to?
If you won’t go, I won’t either.
Group Report (PETA 2)
Choose one text (poem, essay, or short
story. Present the following details:
Facts and Opinion
Author’s Tone
Author’s Purpose
Group’s Inference

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