File:Problem 2.

EES 10/28/2024 1:50:28 PM Page 1

EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

"Problem 2"
"given"
d_o_t = 2 [inch] * convert(inch, m) "outer diameter of one tube"
th_t = 0.0083 [inch] *convert(inch, m) "thickness of tube wall"
L_t = 13 [ft] * convert(ft, m) "length of each tube"
S_T = 3.5 [inch] *convert(inch, m) "transverse pitch (distance between two tubes in one column)"
S_L = 2.5 [inch] *convert(inch, m) "Longitudinal pitch (distance between two tubes in one row)"
m_dot_g = 304000 [lbm/hr] *convert(lbm/hr, kg/s) "Mass flow rate of hot gas"
m_dot_a = 287000 [lbm/hr] *convert(lbm/hr, kg/s) "Mass flow rate of cold air"
T_g_i = converttemp(F, K, 627[F]) "Gas inlet temperature"
T_a_i = converttemp(F, K, 80[F]) "Air inlet temperature"
n = 41 [-] "number of tubes in one column"
m = 53 [-] "number of tubes in one row"
N_t = n*m "total number of tubes"
m_dot_g_t = m_dot_g/N_t "mass flow rate in each tube"

"Calculating bulk temperatures. This is computed after estimating outlet temperatures based on average inlet temperatures and
then re-iterated till a convergence is obtained"
T_LMTD = ((T_g_i - T_a_o) - (T_g_o - T_a_i)) / ln((T_g_i - T_a_o) / (T_g_o - T_a_i))

T_g_b = (T_g_i +T_g_o) / 2

T_a_b = T_g_b - T_LMTD

"Material properties: For the first iteration, material properties are based on avg temperature (452K) between hot side inlet
temperature and cold side inlet temperature"
Rho_g_b = 0.651 [kg/m*m*m]
Rho_a_b = 0.963 [kg/m*m*m]
Mu_g_b = 28.22e-6 [Pa*s]
Mu_a_b = 21.48e-6 [Pa*s]
kappa_g_b = 0.04254 [W/m*K]
kappa_a_b = 0.03119 [W/m*K]
kappa_w = 60 [W/m*K]
Pr_g_b = 0.7001 [-]
Pr_a_b = 0.7006 [-]
c_p_g = 1039 [J/kg*K]
c_p_a = 1011 [J/kg*K]

"Calculating cross section area to flow on the shell side"

L_2 = ((n-1)*S_T) + (2*d_o_t) "1*d_o_t accounts for the total length of the tube arrangements and another 1*d_o_t accounts
for the gap tolerance to flow on the column side"
L_3 = ((m-1)*S_L) + (2*d_o_t) "total length on the row side"
A_c_L2Lt = L_2*L_t
A_c_L3Lt = L_3*L_2
A_c_g_t = (pi*(d_o_t - (2*th_t))^2)/4

"Calculating surface area for hot and cold side"

A_s_a = pi*d_o_t*L_t*N_t
A_s_g = (pi*(d_o_t - (2*th_t))*L_t*N_t)

"Calculating Reynold's number"

U_a_inf = m_dot_a / (Rho_a_b*A_c_L2Lt)

U_a_max = (S_T*U_a_inf) / (S_T - d_o_t)

Re_a = (Rho_a_b*U_a_max*d_o_t) / (Mu_a_b)

Re_g = (4*m_dot_g_t) / (Mu_g_b*pi*(d_o_t - (2*th_t)))

"Calculating Nusselt number"

C = 0.211 [-]
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EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

p = 0.651 [-]
Pr_a_w = 0.6987 [-]
F_1 = (Pr_a_b/Pr_a_w)^0.26 "for first iteration F1 = 1"
F_2 =1 "for n>10 F2 = 1"

Nusselt_a = C*(Re_a^p)*(Pr_a_b^0.34)*F_1*F_2

f_g = (((1.58*ln(Re_g)) - 3.28)^(-2))*0.9725

correction_f = (T_g_w/T_g_b)^0.14 "correction =0.9725 "

correction_Nusselt = (T_g_b/T_g_w)^0.25 "correction = 1.051"

Nusselt_g = ((f_g/2)*(Re_g - 1000)*Pr_g_b*(1.051))/(1 + (12.7*(sqrt(f_g/2))*((Pr_g_b^(2/3))-1)))

"Calculating heat transfer coefficient on hot and cold side"

h_a = (Nusselt_a*kappa_a_b)/(d_o_t)

h_g = (Nusselt_g*kappa_g_b)/(d_o_t - (2*th_t))

"Calculating UA"
R_w = (ln(d_o_t/(d_o_t - (2*th_t)))) / (2*pi*kappa_w*L_t*N_t)

(1/UA) = (1/(h_g*A_s_g)) + R_w + (1/(h_a*A_s_a))

"Calculating C_star"
C_g = m_dot_g*c_p_g
C_a = m_dot_a*c_p_a
C_min = C_g
C_max = C_a
C_star = C_min/C_max

"Calculating NTU"
NTU = UA/C_min

"Calculating effectiveness epsilon"

A = (1-exp(-NTU))

epsilon = (1-exp((-c_star)*A))/C_star

"Calculating q_max and q"

q_dot_max = C_min*(T_g_i - T_a_i)

epsilon = q_dot / q_dot_max

"Calculating outlet and wall temperatures"

q_dot = C_g*(T_g_i - T_g_o)

q_dot = C_a*(T_a_o - T_a_i)

q_dot = h_g*A_s_g*(T_g_b - T_g_w)

q_dot = h_a*A_s_a*(T_a_w - T_a_b)

"Estimating Pressure drop on tube side"

P_delta_g = (4*f_g*L_t*(m_dot_g_t^2)*N_t)/(2*(d_o_t)*Rho_g_b*((A_c_g_t)^2))

factor_geometrical = (S_T/(d_o_t - 1 [m]))/(S_L/(d_o_t -1 [m]))

"Estimating pressure drop on shell side"

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EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

K_1 = 7
k_f/K_1 = 4

sigma = (A_c_L2Lt - (n*d_o_t*L_t))/(A_c_L2Lt)

K_a = (1 + (sigma)^2)

P_delta_a = (K_a + (n*K_f))*(0.5*Rho_a_b*(U_a_max^2))

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EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

Problem 2

given

m
d o,t = 2 [inch] · 0.0254 · outer diameter of one tube
inch

m
th t = 0.0083 [inch] · 0.0254 · thickness of tube wall
inch

m
L t = 13 [ft] · 0.3048 · length of each tube
ft

m
S T = 3.5 [inch] · 0.0254 · transverse pitch (distance between two tubes in one column)
inch

m
S L = 2.5 [inch] · 0.0254 · Longitudinal pitch (distance between two tubes in one row)
inch

kg/s
m g = 304000 [lbm/hr] · 0.000125998 · Mass flow rate of hot gas
lbm/hr

kg/s
m a = 287000 [lbm/hr] · 0.000125998 · Mass flow rate of cold air
lbm/hr

T g,i = ConvertTemp F , K 627 [F] Gas inlet temperature

T a,i = ConvertTemp F , K 80 [F] Air inlet temperature

n = 41 [-] number of tubes in one column

m = 53 [-] number of tubes in one row

Nt = n · m total number of tubes

mg
m g,t = mass flow rate in each tube
Nt

Calculating bulk temperatures. This is computed after estimating outlet temperatures based on average inlet temperatures
and then re-iterated till a convergence is obtained

T g,i – T a,o – T g,o – T a,i

T LMTD =
T g,i – T a,o
ln
T g,o – T a,i

T g,i + T g,o
T g,b =
2

T a,b = T g,b – T LMTD

Material properties: For the first iteration, material properties are based on avg temperature (452K) between hot side inlet
temperature and cold side inlet temperature

r g,b = 0.651 [kg/m*m*m]

r a,b = 0.963 [kg/m*m*m]

m g,b = 0.00002822 [Pa*s]

m a,b = 0.00002148 [Pa*s]

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EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

k g,b = 0.04254 [W/m*K]

k a,b = 0.03119 [W/m*K]

k w = 60 [W/m*K]

Pr g,b = 0.7001 [-]

Pr a,b = 0.7006 [-]

c p,g = 1039 [J/kg*K]

c p,a = 1011 [J/kg*K]

Calculating cross section area to flow on the shell side

L2 = n – 1 · S T + 2 · d o,t 1*do,t accounts for the total length of the tube arrangements and another 1*do,t accounts
for the gap tolerance to flow on the column side

L3 = m – 1 · S L + 2 · d o,t total length on the row side

A c,L2Lt = L 2 · L t

A c,L3Lt = L 3 · L 2

2
p · d o,t – 2 · th t
A c,g,t =
4

Calculating surface area for hot and cold side

A s,a = p · d o,t · L t · N t

A s,g = p · d o,t – 2 · th t · Lt · Nt

Calculating Reynold's number

ma
U a,inf =
r a,b · A c,L2Lt

S T · U a,inf
U a,max =
S T – d o,t

r a,b · U a,max · d o,t

Re a =
m a,b

4 · m g,t
Re g =
m g,b · p · d o,t – 2 · th t

Calculating Nusselt number

C = 0.211 [-]

p = 0.651 [-]

Pr a,w = 0.6987 [-]

0.26
Pr a,b
F1 =
Pr a,w
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for first iteration F1 = 1

F2 = 1 for n>10 F2 = 1

p 0.34
Nusselt a = C · Re a · Pr a,b · F1 · F2

– 2
fg = 1.58 · ln Re g – 3.28 · 0.9725

0.14
T g,w
correction f = correction =0.9725
T g,b

0.25
T g,b
correction Nusselt = correction = 1.051
T g,w

fg
· Re g – 1000 · Pr g,b · 1.051
2
Nusselt g =
fg 2 / 3
1 + 12.7 · · Pr g,b – 1
2

Calculating heat transfer coefficient on hot and cold side

Nusselt a · k a,b
ha =
d o,t

Nusselt g · k g,b
hg =
d o,t – 2 · th t

Calculating UA

d o,t
ln
d o,t – 2 · th t
Rw =
2 · p · kw · Lt · Nt

1 1 1
= + Rw +
UA h g · A s,g h a · A s,a

Calculating Cstar

C g = m g · c p,g

C a = m a · c p,a

C min = Cg

C max = Ca

C min
C star =
C max

Calculating NTU

UA
NTU =
C min

Calculating effectiveness epsilon

A = 1 – exp – NTU
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1 – exp – C star · A
e =
C star

Calculating qmax and q

q max = C min · T g,i – T a,i

q
e =
q max

Calculating outlet and wall temperatures

q = Cg · T g,i – T g,o

q = Ca · T a,o – T a,i

q = h g · A s,g · T g,b – T g,w

q = h a · A s,a · T a,w – T a,b

Estimating Pressure drop on tube side

2
4 · f g · L t · m g,t · N t
P d,g =
2
2 · d o,t · r g,b · A c,g,t

ST
d o,t – 1 [m]
factor geometrical =
SL
d o,t – 1 [m]

Estimating pressure drop on shell side

K1 = 7

kf
= 4
K1

A c,L2Lt – n · d o,t · L t
s =
A c,L2Lt

2
Ka = 1 + s

2
P d,a = Ka + n · kf · 0.5 · r a,b · U a,max
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EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

SOLUTION
Unit Settings: SI C kPa kJ mass deg
A = 0.5358 [-] Ac,g,t = 0.001993 [m*m] Ac,L2Lt = 14.49 [m*m]
Ac,L3Lt = 12.45 [m*m] As,a = 1374 [m*m] As,g = 1363 [m*m]
C = 0.211 [-] correctionf = 0.9725 [-] correctionNusselt = 1.051 [-]
Ca = 36559 [W/K] Cg = 39797 [W/K] Cmax = 36559 [W/K]
Cmin = 39797 [W/K] cp,a = 1011 [J/kg*K] cp,g = 1039 [J/kg*K]
Cstar = 1.089 [-] do,t = 0.0508 [m] e = 0.4059 [-]
factorgeometrical = 1.4 [-] F1 = 1.001 [-] F2 = 1 [-]
fg = 0.006761 [-] ha = 56.84 [W/m*m*K] hg = 36.8 [W/m*m*K]
ka,b = 0.03119 [W/m*K] kg,b = 0.04254 [W/m*K] kw = 60 [W/m*K]
K1 = 7 [-] Ka = 1.185 [-] kf = 28 [-]
L2 = 3.658 [m] L3 = 3.404 [m] Lt = 3.962 [m]
m = 53 [-] ma,b = 0.00002148 [Pa*s] mg,b = 0.00002822 [Pa*s]
ma = 36.16 [kg/s] mg = 38.3 [kg/s] mg,t = 0.01763 [kg/s]
n = 41 [-] NTU = 0.7674 [-] Nusselta = 92.57 [-]
Nusseltg = 43.59 [-] Nt = 2173 [-] p = 0.651 [-]
Pra,b = 0.7006 [-] Pra,w = 0.6987 [-] Prg,b = 0.7001 [-]
Pd,a = 20224 [Pa] Pd,g = 275286 [Pa] q = 4.909E+06 [W]
qmax = 1.209E+07 [W] Rea = 13769 [-] Reg = 15787 [-]
ra,b = 0.963 [kg/m*m*m] rg,b = 0.651 [kg/m*m*m] Rw = 2.568E-09 [K/W]
s = 0.4306 [-] SL = 0.0635 [m] ST = 0.0889 [m]
tht = 0.0002108 [m] Ta,b = 367 [K] Ta,i = 299.8 [K]
Ta,o = 434.1 [K] Ta,w = 429.9 [K] Tg,b = 542 [K]
Tg,i = 603.7 [K] Tg,o = 480.3 [K] Tg,w = 444.1 [K]
TLMTD = 175 [K] UA = 30539 [W/K] Ua,inf = 2.591 [m/s]
Ua,max = 6.046 [m/s]

No unit problems were detected.