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VILCATE
600096213R
 THE

VULGATE

LATIN COURSE :

CONTAINING

GRAMMAR, DELECTUS, EXERCISE BOOK,

AND VOCABULARIES .

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS .

BY
WILLIAM DODDS ,
MASTER OF WRAGBY GRAMMAR SCHOOL ;
Author of "The Excelsior Latin Series," "A Complete Guide to Matricu-
lation at the University of London,"39.66 Algebra for Beginners," &c.

BODI

MANCHESTER JOHN HEYWOOD, 14 AND 143, DEANSGATE ;

EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT, 141, DEANSGATE.
LONDON : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co.; J. C. TACEY.

305 . 81.
д
 PREFACE.

THE plan of the following work was suggested by M. Arnold,

Esq., one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools, in his General
Report of the Public Elementary Schools visited by him in the
Westminster Division during the year 1871-2 . He expresses a
hope that Latin will be much more used as a special subject,
and even adopted, finally, as part of the regular instruction in
the upper classes of all Elementary Schools. " Of course I
mean," he says, " Latin studied in a very simple way ; but I
am more and more struck with the stimulating and instructing
effect upon a child's mind of possessing a second language, in
however limited a degree, as an object of reference and com-
parison ; and Latin is the foundation of so much in the written
and spoken language of modern Europe, that it is the best
to take as a second language." Mr. Arnold is of opinion, how-
ever, that the teaching should be on quite a different plan from
that adopted in classical schools : " I am convinced that, for
the elementary teacher's purpose, the best way would be to
disregard classical Latin entirely ; to use neither ' Cornelius
Nepos, nor ' Eutropius,' nor Cæsar,' nor any delectus from
them, but to use the Latin Bible, the Vulgate. A chapter or two
from the story of Joseph, a chapter or two from Deuteronomy,
and the first two chapters of St. Luke's Gospel, would be the
sort of delectus we want ; add to them a vocabulary, and a
simple grammar of the main forms of the Latin language, and
you have a perfectly compact and cheap school book, and yet all
that you need. In the extracts the child would be at home,
instead of, as in extracts from classical Latin, in an utterly
strange land ; and the Latin of the Vulgate, while it is real and
living Latin, is yet, like the Greek of the New Testament, much
nearer to modern idiom, and, therefore, much easier for a
*
modern learner than classical idiom can be. * * * What
we want to give to our elementary schools in general is the
vocabulary, to some extent, of a second language, and that
language one which is at the bottom of a great deal of modern
life and modern language."
The plan thus roughly sketched by Mr. Arnold we have here
endeavoured to carry out.
PART I. contains an outline of the Acciderce and the First
Rules of Syntax, with exercises in Declension and Conjugation
to be written out and committed to memory.
PART II, consists of a collection of easy and familiar extracts
from the Latin Bible, preceded by a few simple exercises for
parsing and construing on the principal rules of grammar,
iv. PREFACE.

progressively arranged, and gradually leading up to the Sacred

Text, which may be used pari passu with the Grammar, or
their study deferred until the pupil has made some progress
with the Accidence, at the discretion of the teacher.
PART III. contains a number of easy, simple sentences for
translation into Latin, based upon the introductory exercises
in Part II.
The study of Latin is one which is generally admitted to be
of the highest importance, and hence we find that it occupies a
foremost place in the curriculum of every school having any
pretension to respectability. And rightly so, for it forms an
excellent mental discipline, and is admirably adapted for
sharpening the wits, strengthening the memory, and cultivating
the judgment, thereby increasing the student's general capacity
for work ; whilst from Latin, more than any other language,
can we gain a knowledge of the general laws of grammar, upon
which all languages are built. But the main advantage to be
derived from a knowledge of Latin is the immense assistance it
affords us to a correct spelling of English. In fact, it offers us
a complete key to the spelling of a large number of the very
words with which children and those unacquainted with the
grammatical structure of the Roman tongue experience most
difficulty. At least ten thousand words in the English language,
many of them in common use, are of Latin origin, and cannot
readily be understood by those ignorant of the originals ;
whereas a slight knowledge of Latin would give a clue to the
root-words and the prepositions by which their compounds are
formed, and lay bare their meaning at once. The importance of
these roots may be seen from the fact that " from pono and
positum we have in English two hundred and fifty words ; from
plico two hundred ; from fero and latum one hundred and
ninety-eight ; from specio one hundred and seventy-seven ;
from mitto and missum one hundred and seventy-four ; from
teneo and tentum one hundred and sixty-eight ; from capio and
captum one hundred and ninety-seven ; from tendo and tensum
one hundred and sixty-two ; from duco and ductum one hundred
and fifty-six ;" that is to say, from nine Latin verbs are derived
sixteen hundred and eighty-two English words. Teachers of
Elementary Schools will therefore find this a most useful extra
subject, that will not only prove " easy to learn and pleasant to
teach," but will also indirectly increase the money grants for
Reading and Dictation , whilst very little time need be devoted
to it in school, as the rules of grammar and the vocabularies can
all be learnt at home.
§§ 1-32 are adapted to the requirements of Standard IV.;
§§ 33-77, 81-137, and Exercises I.-XXIV. for Standard V.;
the remainder of the work for Standard VI.
 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Part I.- GRAMMAR.

THE ALPHABET AND PARTS OF SPEECH.

§ 1. The Latin ALPHABET consists of 25 letters,

the same as the English without W, both capitals
and small.
§ 2. The LETTERS are divided into vowels and
consonants.
§ 3. The VOWELS are a, e, i, o, u, y ; the rest are
Consonants .
$ 4. A SYLLABLE consists of one or more letters
pronounced together. Every syllable contains at least
one vowel.
A DIPHTHONG is the sound of two vowels in one
syllable.
The Latin diphthongs are *ae, oe, aw, and ei,
eu, ui,
A syllable is long (a) or short (ă), according to the
length (or quantity) of its vowel.
OBS.-All syllables containing a diphthong are long.
§ 5. The PARTS OF SPEECH are eight, viz.: Noun,
Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Con-
junction, Interjection.
NOTE.-There is no Article in Latin, so that nox may be translated
“ night,” “ a night," or " the night."
(1 ) NOUNS are the names of persons, places, and things ; as
Paulus, St. Paul ; Galilaea, Galilee ; mensa, a table.
* These diphthongs are often printed thus : E, æ ; E, ∞ , and are
sounded like " e "in the English word " me, " as in Cæsar.
600096213R
6 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 6.

(2) PRONOUNS stand instead of Nouns ; as ego, I ; tu, thou ;

ille, he.
(3) ADJECTIVES express the qualities of persons and things ; as,
unus dives et alter pauper, the one rich and the other poor.
(4) VERBS tell what persons and things do, suffer, or are ; as,
scribae dicunt, the scribes say ; agnus occisus est, a lamb was
slain ; lex est bona, the law is good.
(5) ADVERBS show how, when, or where a thing is done ; as,
Venio cito, I come quickly.
(6) PREPOSITIONS govern the cases of nouns and pronouns,
and show their relation to each other ; as, Vado ad Patrem,
I go to the Father.
(7) CONJUNCTIONS join together words and sentences ; as, oves
et boves, sheep and oxen.
(8) INTERJECTIONS are words of exclamation ; as, Ecce Homo !
Behold the man !
§ 6. Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, and Verbs are
inflected, i.e. , their endings are changed in order to
show their relation to other words, where we in Eng-
lish use prepositions, by, with, from, in, to, for, &c.
The inflection of Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives
is called DECLENSION ; that of Verbs, CONJUGATION.

NOUNS.

§ 7. Nouns are declined by Number and Case.

There are two numbers, Singular and Plural. The
SINGULAR Speaks of one, and the PLURAL of more than
one ; as discipulus (sing. ), a disciple ; discipuli ( plur. ),
disciples.
§ 8. There are six CASES, Nominative, Genitive,
Dative, Accusative, Vocative, Ablative.
(1) The NOMINATIVE CASE usually goes before the verb, and
answers the question Who ? or What ? As, Who sleeps ? ANS.,
Puella dormit, the maid sleepeth.
(2 ) The GENITIVE CASE is translated by, of, or ' s, and answers
the question whose ? As, Whose son ? ANS., fabri filius, the
carpenter's son.
$ 9. FIRST DECLENSION.

(3) The DATIVE CASE answers the question to or for whom or

what ? As, To whom was it given ? ANS., Dutum est puellae,
it was given to the damsel.
(4) The ACCUSATIVE CASE generally follows the verb, and
answers the question whom or what? As, Whom does the
Father love ? ANS., Pater amat Filium, the Father loveth the
Son.
(5) The VOCATIVE CASE is translated by O ; as Mifili, O my
son.
(6) The ABLATIVE CASE is translated by the prepositions by,
with, from, in, and others ; as, In domo Patris mei, in my Father's
house.
§ 9. All Latin Nouns are arranged in five classes,
called DECLENSIONS, distinguished by the endings of
the Genitive Case Singular :-
(1) ae, (2) i, (3) Ys, (4) ūs, (5) ĕī.
§ 10. There are Three GENDERS, Masculine, Feminine,
Neuter.
OBS.-When a noun may be either Masculine or Feminine, it is said
to be ofthe Common Gender ; as parens, parent.

FIRST DECLENSION.
§ 11. The Nominative Singular of Nouns of the
First Declension ends in a, and the Genitive in ae.
Singular. Plural,
Nom. Mens-ǎ, a table Mens-ae, tables
Gen. Mens-ae, of a table Mens-arum, oftables
Dat. Mens-ae, to, orfor a table Mens-Is, to, orfor tables
Acc. Mens-am, a table Mens-ās, tables
Voc. Mens-ǎ, O table [a table. Mens-ae, Otables [tables.
Abl. Mens-å, by, with, or from Mens-Is, by, with, or from
OBS.-Every noun is made up of two parts ; (1) the STEM, that part of
the word which remains unchanged ; and (2) the CASE-ENDING. The
stem of a noun may always be found by throwing away the case-ending
of the gen. sing. Stem, mens. Case-endings a, ae, am, arum, is, as.
Nouns of the First Declension are Feminine, except the names of
males, as Poeta, a poet ; Propheta, a prophet.
Decline also ; Turba, a multitude ; puella, a girl ; causa, a
cause ; scriba, a scribe ; poeta, a poet ; porta, a gate ; propheta,
a prophet ; flamma, a flame ; stella, a star ; epistola, a letter.
 ∞

THE

VULGATE

LATIN

COURSE

§
12
.
SECOND DECLENSION.

§ 12. The Nominative Singular of Nouns of the

Second Declension ends in us, er, um, and the Genitive
in i.
Nouns in us and er are generally Masculine, those in um Neuter.

A. Masculine.
Singular. 1: Plural.
Nom. Dömin-us, the lord Dòmin-I, lord's
Gen, Domin-I, ofthe lord Domin-ōrum, of lords
Dat. Domin-ō, to, orfor the lord Dòmin-Is, to, orfor lordis
Acc. Domin-um,the lord Domin-ōs,. lords
Voc. Domin-ě, O lord [ the lord. Dŏmi n-I, Q-lords [lords.
Abl. Dŏmin-ō, by, with, orfrom Dòmin-Is, by, with, orfrom
2.
Nom. Măgistěr, a master Măgistr-I, masters
Gen. Mägistr-I, of a master Măgistr-ōrum, ofmasters
Dat. Măgistr-ō , to, or for a Măgistr-Is,. to, orfor masters
master
Acc. Măgistr-um, a master Măgistr-ōs, masters
Voc. Măgistěr, O master Măgistr-I, O masters
Abl. Măgistr-ō, by, with; or Măgistr-Is, by, with, orfrom
from a master. masters.
8.
Nom. Půěr, a boy Půĕr-L, boys
Gen Půĕr-I, of a boy Půĕr-ōrum, ofboys
Dat. Půĕr-ō, to, or for a boy Půĕr-Is, to, orfor boys
Acc. Půĕr-um, a boy Půĕr-ōs, boys
Voc. Půěr, Oboy [a boy. Pǎĕr-I,. O'boys [boys.
Abl. Půĕr-ō, by, with, orfrom Půĕr-Is, by, with, orfrom

B. Neuter.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. Regn-um, a kingdom Regn-ǎ, kingdoms
Gen. Regn-I, of a kingdom Regn-ōrum, ofkingdoms
Dat. Regn-ō, to orforakingdom Regn-Is, to orfor kingdoms
Acc. Regn-um, a kingdom Regn-ǎ, kingdoms
Voc. Regn-um, O kingdom Regn-ǎ, O kingdoms
Abl. Regn-ō, by, with, or from Regn-Is, by, with, or from
a kingdom kingdoms.
$ 13. SECOND AND THIRD DECLENSIONS . 9

OBS.-1. The Nominative, Accusative , and Vocative of all Neuter

Nouns are alike in each number, and in the Plural these Cases always
end in a.
2. The Vocative is always the same as the Nominative, except in
Singular Nouns of the Second Declension in us. The Dative and Ablative
Plural are always the same.
3. Filius, a son, makes fili in the Vocative Singular.
4. Most Nouns in er are declined like magister, throwing out e in the
Genitive, a few only are declined like puer.
Decline also (like Dominus) :-Angelus, an angel ; inimicus,
an enemy ; hortus , a garden ; gladius, a sword ; murus, a wall ;
servus, a servant : asinus, an ass ; amicus, a friend ; oculus, an
eye ; annus, a year ; discipulus, a disciple ; lupus, a wolf ; agnus,
a lamb ; digitus, a finger ; equus, a horse.
Decline also (like Magister) :—Minister, ministri, a servant ;
faber, fabri, a workman (a carpenter) ; liber, libri, a book ; ayer,
agri, a field ; arbiter, arbitri, an umpire.
Decline also (like Puer) :-Socer, soceri, a father-in-law ; gener,
generi, a son-in-law ; vesper, vesperi, evening.
Decline also (like Regnum) :-Bellum, war ; astrum, a star ;
donum, a gift ; jugum, a yoke ; pretium, value, price ; vestigium,
footstep; templum, a temple ; signum, a sign ; folium, a leaf ;
verbum, a word ; coelum, heaven ; proelium, a battle ; scutum, a
shield.

THIRD DECLENSION .

§ 13. The Nominative Singular of Nouns ofthe Third

Declension ends in various letters, but the Genitive
Singular always ends in is.
A. Masculine and Feminine.
(a) Not increasing in the Genitive.*
Singular. 1. Plural.
Nom. Nub-ēs, a cloud Nub-ēs, clouds
Gen. Nüb-is, of a cloud Nub-lum, ofclouds
Dat. Nub-I, to orfor a cloud Nub-ibus, to orfor clouds
Acc. Nub-em, a cloud Nub-ēs, clouds
Voc. Nüb-ēs, O cloud [cloud Nub-ēs, O clouds
Abl. Nüb-ě, by, with, orfrom a Nüb-ibus, by, with, orfrom clouds.
* When the Genitive Singular contains a syllable more than the
Nominative, the Noun is said to increase in the Genitive.
10 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. 13.

Singular. 2. Plural.
Nom. Civ-is, a citizen CIv-ës, citizens
Gen. CIV-Is, ofa citizen CIV-ium, of citizens
Dat. CIV-1, to orfor a citizen CIv-ibus, to or for citizens
Acc. CIv-em, a citizen CIv-ēs, citizens
Voc. CIV-is, O citizen [citizen. CIv-ēs, O citizens
Abl. CIv-ě, by, with, or from a CIv-ibus, by, with, or from citizens.

(b)Increasing in the Genitive.

1.
Nom. Lăpis, a stone Lăpid-ēs, stones
Gen. Lăpid-is, ofa stone Lăpid-um, of stones
Dat. Lăpid-I, to orfor a stone Lăpid-Ibus, to orfor stones
Acc. Lăpid-em, a stone Lăpid-ēs, stones
Voc. Lăpis, O stone [a stone. Lăpid-ēs, O stones [stones.
Abl. Lăpid-ě, by, with, orfrom Lăpid-Ibús, by, with, or from
2.
Nom. Judex, ajudge Judic-ēs, judges
Gen. Judic-is, ofa judge Judic-um, ofjudges
Dat. Judic-I, to orfor a judge Judic-Ibús, to orforjudges
Acc. Judic-em, ajudge Judic-ēs, judges
Voc. Judex, Ojudge [a judge. Judic-ēs, Ojudges [judges.
Abl. Judic-ě, by, with, or from Jüdic-ibús, by, with, or from

8.
Nom. Virgō, a virgin Virgin-ēs, virgins
Gen. Virgin-Is, ofa virgin Virgin-um, ofvirgins
Dat. Virgin-I, to or fora virgin Virgin-ibüs, to orfor virgins
Acc. Virgin-em, a virgin Virgin-ēs, virgins
Voc. Virgō, O virgin Virgin-ēs, O virgins
Abl. Virgin-ě, by, with, orfrom Virgin-Ibüs, by, with, or from
a virgin. virgins.

Nom. Sērpēns , a serpent Sērpēnt-ēs, serpents

Gen. Serpent-is, of a serpent Sērpēnt-ium, ofserpents
Dat. Serpent-I, to or for a Sērpēnt-ibus, to orfor serpents
serpent
Acc. Serpent-em, a serpent Serpent-ēs, serpents
Voc. Sērpēns, O serpent Sērpēnt-ēs, O serpents
Abl. Sērpēnt-ě, by, with, or Sērpēnt-Ibüs, by, with, or from
from a serpent. serpents.
§ 13. THIRD DECLENSION . 11

B. Neuters.
(a) Plural a.
Singular. 1. Plural.
Nom. Nōměn, a name Nōmin-ǎ, names
Gen. Nōmin-Is, oj a name Nōmin-um, ofnames
Dat. Nōmin-I, to orfor a name Nōmini-bus, to orfor names
Acc. Nōměn, a name Nōmin-ǎ, names
Voc. Nōměn, Oname [a name. Nōmin-ǎ, O names [names.
Abl. Nōmin-ě, by, with, or from Nōmin-ibus, by, with, or from
1
2.
Nom. Opus, a work Opĕr-ǎ, works
Gen. Opĕr-is, ofa work Opĕr-um, of works
Dat. Opěr-I, to orfor a work Opĕr-ibus, to or for works
Acc. Opus, a work Opĕr-ǎ, works
Voc. Opus, O work [work. Opĕr-ǎ. O works
Abl. Opěr-ě, by, with, or from a Opĕr-ibus, by, with, orfrom works
(b) Plural ia.
1.
Nom. Mărě, the sea Măr-iǎ, seas
Gen. Măr-is, ofthe sea Măr-ium, of seas
Dat. Mǎr-I, to orfor the sea Măr-ibus, to or for seas
Ace. Mărè, the sea Măr-lǎ , seas
Voc. Mărě, 0 sea [sea. Măr-iǎ, O seas
Abl. Măr-I, by, with, orfrom the Măr-Ĭbús, by, with, orfrom seas.
2.
Nom. Animǎl, an animal Animal-iǎ, animals
Gen. Animāl-is, ofan animal Animal-ium, ofanimals
Dat. Animal-1, to or for an Animal-ibús, to orfor animals
animal
Acc. Animǎl, an animal Animal-Iǎ, animals
Voc. Animǎl, O animal Animal-iǎ, O animals
Abl. Animal-I, by, with, orfrom Animal-Ibús, by, with, or from
an animal. animals.
Decline also (like Nubes) :—Auris, auris, an ear ; testis, testis,
a witness ovis, ovis, a sheep ; avis, avis, a bird ; pars, partis,
a part ; nox, noctis, night ; urbs, urbis, a city ; civis, civis, a
citizen .
Decline also (like Lapis) :-Rex, regis, a king ; princeps,
principis, a chief ; flos, floris, a flower ; pes, pedis, a foot ; trabs,
trabis, a beam ; arbor, arboris, a tree ; sacerdos, sacerdotis, a
priest ; lex, legis, a law ; homo, hominis, a man ; leo, leonis, a
lion ; miles, militis, a soldier.
12 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 14.

Decline also (like Serpens) : - Gens, gentis, a nation ; mons,

montis, a mountain ; dens, dentis, a tooth ; pons , pontis, a bridge ;
fons, fontis, a fountain.
Decline also (like Nomen ) :-Corpus, corporis, a body ; caput,
capitis, a head ; cor, cordis, a heart ; tempus, temporis, time ;
munus, muneris, a gift ; onus, oneris, a burden ; carmen ,
carminis, a song.
Decline also (like Mare) : —Rete, retis, a net ; altare, altaris,
an altar.

FOURTH DECLENSION.

§ 14. The Nominative Singular of Masculine and

Feminine Nouns of the Fourth Declension ends in us,
Neuters in u.

Singular. 1. Plural.
Nom. Grăd-ús, a step Grăd-üs, steps
Gen. Grăd-üs, of a step Grăd-uum. of steps
Dat. Grăd-йI, to or for a step Grăd-ibús, to or for steps
Acc. Grăd-um, a step Grăd-us, teps
Voc. Grăd-ús, O step [a step. Grăd-üs, O steps
Abl. Grăd-ü, by, with, or from Grăd-ibús, by, with, orfrom steps.
2.
Nom. Gěn-u, a knee Gěn -đa , knces
Gen. Gen-us, of a knee Gĕn-ùum, of knees
Dat. Gen-ü, to orfor a knee Gen-îbus, to orfor knees
Acc. Gěn-ů, a knee Găn-nă, knees
Voc. Gen-u, O knee [knee. Gắnvã , O knees
Abl. Gen ü, by, with, or from a Gen-ibus, by, with, or from knees.
OBS.--The holy name of JESUS is thus declined : N. Jesus, G. D. V.
and Abl. Jesu, Acc. Jesum.
Decline also (like Gradus) :-Fructus, fruit ; manus, the
hand ; exercitus, an army ; spiritus, a spirit ; portus, a haven ;
passus, a pace ; quercus*, an oak ; tribus*, a tribe.
Decline also (like Genu) : Cornu, a horn.

*Ablative Plural- ubus.

$ 15. FIFTH DECLENSION AND IRREGULAR NOUNS. 13

FIFTH DECLENSION.

§ 15. The Nominative Singular of Nouns of the

Fifth Declension ends in es, and the Genitive in ei.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. Di-es, a day Di-ēs, days
Gen. Di-ei, ofa day Di-erum, ofdays
Dat. Di-ēl, to orfor a day Di-ēbus, to or for days
Acc. Đi-em, a day Di-ēs, days
Voc. Di-as, 0 day [day. Di-ēs, O days
Abl. Di-ē, by, with, or from a Di-ēbus, by, with, or from days.
OBS.- Nouns of the Fifth Declension are Feminine, except Dies, which
is Common in the Singular, and Masculine in the Plural,

Decline also (like Dies) :—Facies, a face ; res, a thing ; and, in

Singular only, species, appearance ; spes, hope ; fides, faith,

IRREGULAR NOUNS.

$ 16. The following are irregularly declined : -Vir,

a man, or husband ; vis, strength ; domus, a house ;
bos, an ox ; senex, an old man ; Deus, God.

S. Nom. Vir (man) VIS (strength) Domus (house)

Gen. Viri Domüs
Dat. Virō Domйi
Acc. Virum Vim Domum
Voc. Vir Domus
Abl. Virō VI Domo
P. Nom. Viri Vīrēs Domüs
Gen. Virōrum Virium Domůum (domōrum)
Dat. Viris Viribus Domibus
Acc. Virōs Vīrēs Domōs (domus)
Voc. Virl Virēs Domüs
.Abl. Viris Viribus Domibůs
The form domi is used to signify "at home."
14 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 17.

S. Nom. Bōs (ox) Senex (old man)

in) Deus (God)
Gen. BŎvis Sěnis Dei
Dat. Βόνι Sěni Deō
Acc. BŎvem Sĕnem Deum
Voc. Bōs Sĕnex Deůs
Abl. BŎvě Sěně Deō
P. Nom. BŎvēs Sēnēs Dei, DiI, DI
Gen. Bovum (bðum ) Sěnum Deōrum, Deum
Dat. Bōbüs (bübüs) Sěnibüs Deis, Diis, Dis
Acc. Bŏvēs Sĕnēs Deōs
Voc. Bōvēs Sēnēs Dei, DiI, DI
Abl. Böbüs (bübüs) Sěnibüs Dels, Dils, Dis
ADJECTIVES.
§ 17. Adjectives are declined by Number, Gender,
and Case.
§ 18. Adjectives of Three Endings in us, a, um, or
er, a, um, follow the First and Second Declensions of
Nouns ; as, bonus, good ; niger, black ; tener, tender.
Bonus, a, um, are declined like Dominus, Mensa, and Regnum.
Niger is declined like Magister, and Tener like Puer.
Singular. 1. Plural.
M. F. N. M. F. N.
N. BŎnůs bǎnǎ bonum Boni bonae bǎnǎ
G. BŎni bonae boni BŎnōrum bōnārum bonōrum
D. BŎnō bonae bonō Bonis bonis bonis
A. BŎnum bonam bonum Bonōs bōnās bǎnǎ
V. BŎně bǎnǎ bŎnum Bóni bonae bönǎ
A. Bono bōnā bonō BŎnis bonis bonis
2.
N. Nígěr nigrǎ nigrum Nigri nigrae nigră
G. Nigri nigrae nigri Nigrōrum nigrārum nigrōrum
D. Nigrō nigrae nigr-ō Nigris nigris nigris
A. Nigrum nigram nigrum Nigrōs nigrās nigrǎ
v. Nigěr nigră nigrum Nigri nigrae nigră
A. Nigrō nigrā nigrō Nigris nigris nigris
3.
N. Těněr těněrǎ těněrum Těnĕri těněrae těněrǎ
G. Těnĕri těněrae těněri Těněrōrum těnĕrārum těněrōrum
D. Těněrō těněrae těněrō Těnĕris těnĕris těnĕris
A. Těnérum těněram těněrum Těněrōs těnĕrās těněrǎ
V. Těněr těněrǎ těněrum Těnĕr i těněrae těněrǎ
A. Těněrō těněrā těněrō Těnĕris těnĕris tēnĕris
§ 19. ADJECTIVES. 15

Decline also (like Bonus) :- Verus, true ; excelsus, high ;

malus, wicked ; durus, hard ; carus, dear ; magnus, great.
Decline also (like Niger) :—Sacer, sacred ; pulcher, beautiful.
Decline also (like Tener) :—Liber, free ; miser, wretched.
§ 19. Adjectives of Two Endings follow the Third
Declension of Nouns : as tristis, sad , melior, better.
1.
M. F. N. M. F. N.
N. Trist-is trist-ě Trist-ēs trist-iǎ
G. Trist-is Trist-ium
D. Trist-I Trist-Ibus
A. Trist-em trist-ě Trist-ēs trist-iǎ
V. Trist-is trist-ě Trist-ēs trist-lǎ
A. Trist-I Trist-Ibüs
2.
N. MěliŎr meliùs Měliōr-ēs měliōr-ǎ
G. Měliōr-is Mēliōr-um
D. Měliōr-I Měliōr-Ĭbús
A. Měliōr-em měliùs Měliōr-ēs měliōr-ǎ
V. MěliŎr měliŭs Měliōr-ēs měliōr-ǎ
A. Měliōr-ě or I Měliōr-íbús
Decline also (like Tristis) :- Brevis, short ; facilis, easy ;
fidelis, faithful ; omnis, all, every.
Decline also (like Melior) : Durior, harder ; altior, higher ;
pulchrior, more beautiful.
§ 20, Adjectives of One Ending also follow the Third
Declension as felix, happy ; prudens, wise, prudent.
1.
M. F. N. M. F. N.
N. Felix Fēlic-ēs felic-iǎ
G. Felic-is Fēlic-ium
D. Fēlic-I Fēlic-ibús
A. Fēlic-em felix Fēlic-ēs felic-iǎ
V. Félix Fēlic-ēs felic-iǎ
A. Felic-I or ĕ Fēlic-ibús
2.
N. Prüdens Prudent-ēs prüdent-iǎ
G. Prudent-is Prudent-lum
D. Prüdent-I Prüdent-ibus
A. Prüdent-em prüdens Prudent-ēs prudent-iǎ
V. Prüdens Prudent-ēs prüdent-lă
A. Prüdent-I or ĕ Prüdent-ibüs
16 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 21.

Decline also (like Felix) : -Rapax, rapacis, rapacious ; audax,

audacis, bold.
Decline also (like Prudens) : Potens, potentis, powerful ;
amans, loving ; sapiens, wise.
Adjectives in er, of the Third Declension, have three endings
in the Nominative and Vocative Singular : as acer, acris, acre,
sharp ; celer, celer-is, celer-e, swift.
1.
M. F. N. M. F. N.
N. Acěr ācr-is acr-ě Acr-ēs ācr-ēs äcr-iǎ
G. Acr-is Acr-ium
D. Acr-I Acr-ibùs
A. Acr-em acr-em acr-ĕ Acr-ēs ācr-ēs acr-iǎ
V. Acĕr ācr-is acr-ě Acr-ēs ācr-ēs acr-iǎ
A. Acr-I Acr-ibús
2.
N. Cělěr cělĕr-is cělĕr-e Cělĕr-ēs cělĕr-ēs cělěriă
G. Cělĕr-is Cělĕr-um
D. Cělĕr-i Cělĕr-ibůs
A. Cělěr-em cělěr-em cělĕr-e Cělĕr-es cělĕr-ēs cělĕr-iǎ
V. Cělěr cělĕr-is ‹ ělĕr-e Cělĕr-ēs cělĕr-ēs cělĕr-iǎ
A. Cělĕr-i Cělĕr-Ibůs

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.

§ 21. Adjectives have three Degrees of Comparison—

the Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.
Pus. Comp. Superl.
Altus, high altior, higher altissimus, highest.
The POSITIVE is the Adjective in its simplest form.
The COMPARATIVE is formed from the Positive by
changing i or is of the Genitive Singular into ior (M.
and F. ), ius (N. ) .
The SUPERLATIVE is formed by changing i or is of
the Genitive into issim-us, a, um.
Pos. Comp. Superl.
Doct-us (doct-i), learned, doct-for, doct-issĭmus
Brev-Is (brev-Is), short, brev-ĬŎr, brěv-issĭmús
Săpiens (săpient-Is), wise, săpient-for, săpient-issĭmůs
Audax (audāc-ĭs), bold, audac-for, audac-issĭmus.
§ 22. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES . 17

The Comparative is declined like melior, the Super-

lative like bonus.
Adjectives in er form the Superlative by adding rimus to the
Nominative.
Niger, black, nigr-for, niger-rĭmús
Misĕr, wretched, misĕr-for, miser-rimus
Acer, sharp, acr-for, acer-rĭmús
Cělěr, swift, cělĕr-ĬŎr, celer-rimus.
The following form the Superlative in limus :-
Făcilis, easy, făcil-for, făcil-lĭmús
Difficilis, difficult, difficil-for, difficil-limus
Grăcilis, slender, grăcil-for, grăcil-lĭmús
Humilis, humble, low, humĭl-ior, humil-limus
Similis, like, simil-for, simil-limus
Dissimilis, unlike, dissimil-for, dissimil-limus.
If a vowel comes before us in the Nominative of an Adjective,
it is compared by magis, more, and maxime, most : as,
Dubius, doubtful, măgis dubius, maximē dublus ; but,
Plus, godly, măgis plùs, plissimus.
§ 22. The following Adjectives are irregularly com-
pared :-
Bonus, good, mělior, optimus
Mălus, bad, pējor, pessimus
Magnus, great, mājor, maximus
Parvus, small, minor, minimus
Multus, much, plūs, plūrimus
Nequam, worthless, nēquior, nēquissimus
Dives, rich, ditior, ditissimus
Sěněx, old, senior, (nātū maximus)
Juvenis, young, junior, (nātū minimus)
Exterus, outward, exterior, extrēmus and extĭmus
Inferus, low, inferior, infimus and imus
Supĕrus, high, superior, supremus and summus
Posterus, hindward, posterior, postrēmus and postumus,
$ 23. Some Comparatives and Superlatives are
formed from Prepositions.
(Citra, this side of), citerior, citĭmus
(Intra, within), interior, intĭmus
(Ultra, beyond), ulterior, ultimus
(Prae, before), prior, primus
(Propě, near), propior, proximus.
B
18 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 24.

Compare the following adjectives : -Dignus, worthy ; durus,

hard ; altus, high ; integer, integra, integrum, whole ; latus,
broad ; fortis, brave ; gravis, weighty ; tener, tenera, tenerum,
tender ; felix (gen. felicis), happy ; liber, libera, liberum, free ;
levis, light ; pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful ; sagax (gen.
sagacis), sagacious ; celeber, celebris, celebre, famous.

NUMERALS.

§ 24. The two principal classes of Numerals are

Cardinals and Ordinals. Cardinal Numerals answer
the question, how many ? Septem, seven. Ordinals
answer the question, which (in point of order) ? as,
Septimus, the seventh.

§ 25. Unus, one ; duo, two ; tres, three ; millia,

thousands ; and ambo, both, are thus declined :—
M. F. N. M. F. N.
N. Un-ús ün-ǎ ün-um Du-o du-ae du-Ŏ
G. Un-ius ün-iùs un-ius Du-ōrum du-ārum du-ōrum
D. Un-i Un-I ün-i Du-õbus du-ābus du-õbus
A. Un-um ün-am un-um Du-ōs du-ās du-Ŏ
A. Un-ō un-ā ün-ō Du-ōbus du-ābus du-ōbus
M. F. N. N. M. F. N.
N. Trēs tria Millia Ambo ambae ambŎ
G. Trium trium Millium Ambōrum ambārum ambōrum
D. Tribus tribus Millibus Ambōbus ambābus ambōbus
A. Trēs tria Millia Ambōs ambās ambŎ
A. Tribus tribus Millibus Ambõbus ambābus ambōbus
OBS.-(1) Cardinals from quattuor to centum are indeclinable.
(2) Ducenti, ae, a ; trecenti, ae, a ; &c. , are regularly declined like
the Plural of bonus, a, um.
(3) Mille is indeclinable in the Singular. The Noun following
millia is put in the Genitive, e.g., quattuor millia hominum,
4,000 men.
(4) Ordinals are regularly declined like bonus, a, um,
§ 25. NUMERALS. 19

ROMAN
No. NUMERALS. CARDINALS. ORDINALS.
12349

I unus, a, um primus, a, um
II duo, duae, duŏ secundus
III trēs, trēs, tria tertius
IV quattuor quartus
V quinque quintus
VI sex sextus
7 VII septem septimus
8 VIII octo octavus
IX novem nōnus
10 X děcem děcímus
11 XI undecim unděcímus
12 XII duodecim duodecimus
13 XIII trēdecim tertius decimus
14 XIV quattuordecim quartus decimus
15 XV quindecim quintus decimus
16 XVI sedecim sextus decimus
17 XVII septemdecim septimus decimus
18 XVIII duodeviginti duodevicesimus
19 XIX undeviginti undevicesimus
20 XX viginti vīcēsimus or vigesimus
21 XXI unus et viginti unus et vicesimus
28 XXVIII duodetriginta duodetrigesimus
29 XXIX undetriginta undetrigesimus
30 XXX triginta trigesimus or tricesimus
40 XL quadraginta quadragesimus
50 L quinquaginta quinquagesimus
60 LX sexaginta sexagesimus
70 LXX septuaginta septuagesimus
80 LXXX octoginta octogesimus
90 XC nonagintā nonagesimus
100 C centum centesimus
200 CC ducenti, ae, a ducentesimus
300 CCC trecenti trecentesimus
400 CCCC quadringenti quadringentesimus
500 D or Io quingenti quingentesimus
600 DC sexcenti sexcentesimus
700 DCC septingenti septingentesimus
800 DCCC octingenti octingentesimus
900 DCCCC nongenti nongentesimus
1000 M or CIO mille millēsimus
20 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 26.

PRONOUNS.

§ 26. Pronouns have Three Persons, 1st, the speaker,

ego, I ; 2nd, the person spoken to, tu, thou ; 3rd, the
person spoken of, ille, he.

§ 27. A. Personal.
(1) First Person.
Singular. Plural.
Nom . EgŎ, I Nōs, we
Gen. Měl, ofme Nostri, and nostrum, ofus
Dat. Mihi, to, orfor me Nōbis, to, orfor us
Acc. Mē, me Nōs, us
Abl. Mê, by, with, or from me. Nōbis, by, with, orfrom us.
(2) Second Person.
Nom : Tu, thou Võs, ye
Gen. TǎI, of thee Vestri, and vestrum, of you
Dat. Tibi, to, or for thee Vōbis, to, orfor you
Acc. Tē, thee Võs, you
Voc. Tü, O-thou Võs, 0 ye
Abl. Tē, by, with, orfrom thee. Vōbis, by, with, orfrom you.

(3) Reflexive-Third Person.

Singular and Plural.
Nom. (wanting)
Gen. Sui, ofhimself, herself, itself, or themselves
Dat. Sibi, to or for himself, herself, itself, themselves
Acc. Sē, or sēsē, himself, herself, itself, themselves
Abl. Sē, or sēsē, by orfrom himself, herself, itself, themselves.

§ 28. B. Possessive.
Decline (like Bonus, a, um) :—
Meus, mea, meum, my, mine*
Tuus, tua, tuum, thy, thine
Suus, sua, suum, his, her, its, their own.
'Decline (like Niger, nigra , nigrum) :—
Noster, nostra, nostrum, our
Vester, vestra, vestrum, your.

The Vocative Masculine ingular of meus is mi, mifili, O my son.

 121
§ 29. PRONOUNS.

§ 29. C. Demonstrative and Determinative.

(1) Hic, this (here).
M. F. N. M. F. N.
Nom. Hic haec hoc HI hae haec
Gen. Hujus Hōrum hārum hōrum
Dat. Huic HIS
Acc. Hunc hanc hoc Hōs hās haec
Abl. Hōc hāc hōc HIS

(2) Iste, that (there).

Nom. Istě istă istúd Isti istae istă
Gen. Istius Istōrum istārum istōrum
Dat. IstI Istis
Acc. Istum istam istúd Istōs istās istă
Abl. Istō istä istō Istis

(3) Ille, that (yonder)

Nom. Illě illǎ illud Illi illae illǎ
Gen. Illus Illōrum illārum illōrum
Dat. IllI Illis
Acc. Illum illam illud Illōs illās illǎ
Abl. Illō illä illō Illis
(4) Is, that (or he, she, it).
Nom. Is eǎ Id II eae eǎ
Gen. Ejus Eōrum eārum eōrum
Dat. EI IIs or els
Acc. Eum eam id Eōs eas eǎ
Abl. Eō ea еб IIs or els

(5) Idem, same.

Nom. Idem eǎdem Idem IIdem eaedem eǎdem
Gen. Ejusdem Eōrundem earundem eōrun-
Dat. Eldem IIsdem or eisdem [dem
Acc. Eundem eandem idem Eōsdem easdem eǎdem
Abl. Eodem eadem eōdem IIsdem or eisdem

(6) Ipse, self.

Nom. Ipsě ipsă ipsum Ipsi ipsae ipsă
Gen. Ipsius Ipsōrum ipsārum ipsōrum
Dat. Ipsi Ipsis
Acc. Ipsum ipsam ipsum Ipsos ipsās ipsă
Abl. Ipsō ipsă ipso Ipsis
22 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 30.

§ 30. D. Relative.
Qui, who or which.
Nom. Qui quae quod Qui quae quae
Gen. Cujus Quōrum quarum quōrum
Dat. Cui Quibus, queis, or quis
Acc. Quem quam quòd Quōs quas quae
Abl. Quo quã quo Quibus, queIs, or quis

§ 31. E. Interrogative.
Quis?-who? which ? what ?
Nom. Quis quae quid Qui quae quae
Gen. Cujus Quōrum quārum quōrum
Dat. CuI Quibus, queis, or quis
Acc. Quem quam quid Quōs quas quae
Abl. Quo qua quo❘ Quibus, queis, or quis
NOTE.-When joined to a Noun quod is used instead of quid, and qui
for quis.

§ 32. F. Indefinite.
Decline (like Unus, a , um) :—
Ullus, a, um (Genitive ullius), any.
Nullus, a, um (Genitive nullius), none.
Sōlus, a, um (Genitive solius), alone.
Totus, a, um (Genitive totius), whole.
Alius, ǎ, úd (Genitive allus), another.
Alter, ǎ, um (Genitive alterius), one of two, the other.
Uter, útra, utrum (Genitive utrius), which oftwo.
Neuter, neutra, neutrum (Genitive neutrius), neither.
Decline (like Qui) :-
Qui-dam, quae-dam, quid-dam (quod-dam with a noun),
a certain one.
Decline (like Quis) :
Quis-que, quae-que, quid-que (quod-que with a noun )
whoever.
Decline (like Uter) :-
Uter-que, utra-que, utrum-que, each.
§ 33. THE VERB. 23

VERBS.

§ 33. Verbs have Two Voices :-1st, Active ; as, amo,

I love : 2nd, Passive ; as, amor, I am loved.

§ 34. A Deponent Verb is chiefly Passive in form ,

with an Active signification : as, hortor, I exhort.

§ 35. Active and Deponent Verbs are either Transi-

tive or Intransitive.

Transitive Verbs require an object : as, Amo Deum,

I love God ; Sequere me, follow me.
Intransitive Verbs express a state : as, Dormit,
he sleeps ; Morior, I die.

§ 36. MOOD means manner. There are Four Moods :

the Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, and Infinitive.

§ 37. TENSE means time. There are Six Tenses :-

the Present, Imperfect, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future,
and Future Perfect.

§ 38. In each tense there are two NUMBERS and

three PERSONS.

§ 39. There are four classes, or CONJUGATIONS, of

Regular verbs, known by the endings of the Infinitive
Mood-āre, ēre, ĕre, īre, thus ::--
1. Amare, to love ; 2, Monere, to advise ; 3, Regĕre, to rule ;
4, Audire, to hear.
Before these can be learnt it is necessary to conjugate
the Verb Sum.
24 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 40.

§ 40. THE VERB SUM.

Sum, ěs, fül, éssě, fütürüs, to be.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE-am.
8. 1. Sum, I am P. 1. sumus, we are
2. ĕs, thou art 2. estis, ye are
3. est, he is. 3. sunt, they are.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-was

S. 1. Eram, I was P. 1. ĕrāmus, we were
2. ĕrās, thou wast 2. ĕrātis, ye were
3. ĕrǎt, ke was. 3. erant, they were.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-have.

8. 1. Ful, Ihave been P. 1. fulmus, we have been
2. fuist , thou hast been 2. fuistis, ye have been
3. fuit, he has been. 3. fuerunt, they have been.

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had.

8. 1. Fuĕram, I had been P. 1. fueramus, we had been
2. fueras, thou hadst been 2. fueratis, ye had been
3. fuěrǎt, he had been. 3. fuerant, they had been.

(5) FUTURE TENSE- shall or will.

8. 1. Ero, I shall be P. 1. erimus, we shall be
2. eris, thou wilt be 2. eritis, ye will be
3. erit, he will be. 3. erunt, they will be.

(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have.

have

8. 1. Fuĕro, I shall P. 1. fuĕrimüs, we shall

been
been
aavy

2. fueris, thou wilt 2. fueritis, ye will

.
.

3. fuerit, he will 3. fuĕrint, they will

$ 41. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can.
S. 1. Sim, Imay be P. 1. simüs, we maybe
2. SIS, thou mayst be 2. sItis, ye maybe
3. sit, he may be. 3. sint, they may be.
 25
§ 41 . THE VERB SUM. 25

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might or could.

S. 1. Essem, 1 might be P. 1. essēmus, we might be
2. essēs, thou mightst be 2. essētis, ye might be
3. essět, he might be. 3. essent, they might be.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-may have, should have, &c.

have

have
8. 1. Fuĕrim, 1 may P. 1. fuĕrimus, we may
.been

.been
2. fuĕris, thou mayst 2. fuĕritis, ye may
3. fuerit, he may 3. fuerint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, would have, &c.

have
8. 1. Fuissem, I might P. 1. fuissēmus, we might
been

been
aavy

2. fuissēs, thou mightst 2. fuissētis, ye might

.

.
3. fuisset, he might 3. fuissent, they might
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
S. 2. És, be thou. I P. 2. este, be ye.
(2) FUTURE TENSE.
S. 2. Estō, thou shalt be P. 2. estōtě, ye shall be
3. estō, he shall be, or 3. sunto , they shall be, or
let him be. let them be.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Essě, to be
PERFECT. Fuissě, to have been
FUTURE. Fütürus esse, or förě, to be about to be.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT (does not exist).
FUTURE. Fütürus, a, um, about to be.

OBS.-Like Sum, are conjugated its compounds : Absum, I am away

from; adsum, I am present ; desum, I am wanting; insum, I am in; inter-
sum, I am present at; obsum, I am in the way; praesum, I am before, or,
at the head; prosum, I am serviceable ; subsum, I am under ; supersum, i
am over, I am left. Prosum takes d before e; as, Prosum, prodes, prodest,
arosumus, prodestis, prosunt.
26 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 42.

§ 42. FIRST CONJUGATION.-ACTIVE VOICE.

Amo, ămăvi, ǎmātum, ămărě, to love.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE―am, do.
s. Am-o, Ilove P. ăm-āmŭs, we love
ăm-as, thou lovest ǎm-ātis, ye love
ăm-ǎt, he loves. ǎm-ant, they love.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-was, did, used to.

s. Ăm-ābam, I was loving P. ǎm-ābāmus, we were loving
ǎm-ābās, thou wast loving ăm-ābātis, ye were loving
ăm-ābåt, he was loving. ăm-abant, they were loving.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-have.

s. Am-āvi, I loved P. ǎm-āvimus, we loved
ăm -āvistl, thou lovedst ǎm-ävistis, ye loved
ǎm-āvit, he loved. ǎm-āvērunt, they loved.
(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE- had.
s. Am-āvēram, I had loved P. ǎm-āvěramus, we had loved
ǎm-āvĕrās, thou hadst loved ǎm-āvĕratis, ye had loved
ǎm-āvěrǎt, he had loved. ǎm-āvěrant, theyhad loved.
(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will.
s. Am-ābō, I shall love P. ǎm-ābimus, we shall love
ǎm-ābis, thou wilt love ǎm-ābitis, ye will love
ǎm-ābit, he will love. ăm-ābunt, they will love.
(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have.
have
.loved
have
.loved

S. Am-āvěrō, I shall P. ǎm-āverimus, we shall

ǎm-āvĕris, thou wilt ǎm-āveritis, ye will
ǎm-āverit, he will ǎm-āverint, they will

§ 43. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can.
S. Am-em, I may love P. ǎm-ēmüs, we may love
ǎm-ēs, thou mayst love ǎm-ētis, ye may love
ǎm-ět, he maylove. ǎm-ent, they may love.
§ 43. FIRST CONJUGATION .-ACTIVE. 27

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should.

S. Am-ārem, I might love P. Am-ārēmus, we might love
ǎm-ārēs, thou mightst love ǎm-ārētis, ye might love
ǎm-ārět, he might love. ǎm-arent, they might love.
(3) PERFECT TENSE-may or can have.

have
have
loved

.toved
S. Am-āvĕrim, I may P. ǎm-āvĕrimus, we may
ǎm-āvēris, thou mayst ăm-āvĕritis, ye may
.

ǎm-āvěrit, he may ăm-āvĕrint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have.

have
have

loved
loved

8. Am-āvissem , Imight P. ǎm-āvissēmus, we might

ăm-āvissēs, thoumightst ǎm-āvissētis, ye might

.
.

ăm-āvissēt, he mightst ǎm-āvissent, they might

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE
8. Am-a, love thou. | P. ǎm-ātě, love ye.
(2) FUTURE TENSE.
S. Am-āto, thou shalt love P. ǎm-ātōtě, ye shall love
ǎm-ātō, he shall love, or, let ǎm-antō, they shall love, or, let
him love. them love.

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Am-ārĕ to love.
PERFECT. ǎm-āvissě, to have loved.
FUTURE. ǎm-āturus esse, to be about to love.
GERUND.
Gen. Am-andı, ofloving.
Dat. ǎm-andō, for loving.
Acc. ǎm-andum, loving.
Abl. ǎm-andō, by loving.
SUPINES.
Am-atum, to love; ăm-ātu, to be loved.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. Am-ans, loving.
FUTURE. ăm-āturus, a, um, being about to love.
 28 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 44.

§ 44. SECOND CONJUGATION. -ACTIVE VOICE.

Moneo, monǎi, mõnĭtum, mõnērš—to advise.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE―am, do.
9. Mon-eō, I advise P. mŏn-ēmus, we advise.
mon-ēs, thou advisest mon-ētis, ye advise.
mon-ět, he advises. mon-ent, they advise.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-was, did, used to.

S. Mon-ēbam, I was advising P. mŏn-ēbāmus, we were advising
mon-ēbās, thou wast advising mon-ēbātis, ye were advising
mōn-ēbǎt, he was advising. mon-ebant, they were advising.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-have.

S. MŎn-ul, I advised. P. mon-uimus, we advised
mon-ǎist , thou advisedst mon-ǎistis, ye advised
mon-uit, he advised. mon-ǎērunt, they advised.

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had.

S. Mon-ǎěram, I had advised P. mon-ůĕrāmŭs, we had advised
mon-ŭĕrās, thou hadst advised mon-üĕrātis, ye had advised
mon-üěrǎt, he had advised. mŏn-ŭěrant, theyhad advised.

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will..

S. Mon-ēbo, I shall advise P. mŏn-ēbĭmús, we shall advise
mon-ēbis, thou wilt advise mon-ēbitis, ye will advise
mon-ēbit, he will advise. mon-ēbunt, they will advise.

(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have..

advised
advised
have

have

S. MŎn-uĕro, I shall P. mon-uĕrimüs, we shall

.

mon-uĕris, thou wilt mŏn-uĕritis, ye will

mon -uěrit, he will mon-uĕrint, they will

$ 45. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD..

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can.
8. Mon-eam, I may advise P. mon-eamus, we mayadvise
mon-eas, thou mayst advise mon-eātis, ye may advise
mon-eǎt, he may advise. mon-eant, they may advise:
$ 45. SECOND CONJUGATION . - ACTIVE . 29

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should.

S. Mon-ērem, I might advise P. mon-ērēmus, we might advise
mon-ērēs, thou mightst advise mon-ērētis, ye might advise
mon-ērět, he might advise. mon-ērent, theymight advise.

advised
d
(3) PERFECT TENSE-may or can have.
advise

have
have
.S. Mon-uĕrim, I may P. mon-uĕrimùs, we may

.
mon-uĕritis, ye may
.
mon-uĕris, thou mayst
mon-uĕrit, he may mon-uĕrint, they may

advised
d

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, would, could, should have.

advise

have
have

S. MŎn-uissem, I might P. mon-uissēmus, wemight

.
.

mon-uissēs, thou mightst mon-uissētis, ye might

mon-uissět, he might mon-uissent, they might

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
S. Mon-ē, advise thou. | P. mon-ēte, advise ye.
(2) FUTURE TENSE.
S. Mon-ēto, thou shalt advise P. mŏn-êtōtě, ye shall advise
mon-ēto, he shall advise, or, let mon-ento, theyshall advise, or,
him advise. let them advise.

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Mon-ērě, to advise.
PERFECT. mŎn-uissě, to have advised.
FUTURE. mŎn-Itūrus essě, to be about to be advised.

GERUND.
Gen. Mon-endi, ofadvising.
Dat. mon-endō, for advising.
Acc. mon-endum, advising.
Abl. mön-endō, by advising.

SUPINES.
Mon-itum, to advise ; mon-itu, to be advised.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. MŎn-ens, advising.
FUTURE. mŎn-itürüs, about to advise.
 VULGATE

COURSE
LATIN
THE

46
309

§
.

.
§ 46. THIRD CONJUGATION.-ACTIVE VOICE.
Rěgo, rexi, rectum, règěrě—to rule.
INDICATIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-am, do.

S. Reg-o, Irule P. règ-ĭmús, we rule
reg-is, thou rulest reg-itis, ye rule
reg-it, he rules. reg-unt, they rule.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-was, did, used to.

S. Rĕg-ēbam, I was ruling P. règ-ēbāmus, we were ruling
rĕg-ēbās, thou wast ruling rěg-ēbātis, ye were ruling
reg-ēbăt, he was rubing. rĕg-ēbant, they were ruling.
(3) PERFECT TENSE-have.
S. Rex-I, I ruled P. rex-imùs, we ruled
rex-istI, thou ruledst rex-istis, ye ruled
rex-it, he ruled. rex-ērunt, they ruled.

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had.

S. Rex-ĕram, I had ruled P. rex-ĕrāmus, we had ruled
rex-ĕrās, thou hadst ruled rex-ĕrātis, ye had ruled
rex-ĕrăt, he had ruled. rex-ěrant, they had ruled.

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will.

S. Rĕg-am, 1 shall rule P. règ-ēmus, we shall rule
reg-ēs, thou wilt rule reg-ētis, ye will rule
reg-ět, he will rule. reg-ent, they will rule.

(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE- shall or will have.

.ruled
.ruled

have
have

S. Rex-ĕro, I shall P. rex-ĕrimus, we shall

rex-ĕris, thou wilt rex-ĕritis, ye will
rex-ĕrit, he will rex-ĕrint, they will

§ 47. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can.
S. Rĕg-am, I mayrule P. reg-amus, we may rule
reg-as, thou mayst rule reg-ātis, ye may rule
reg-ǎt, he may rule. reg-ant, they may rule.
§ 47 . THIRD CONJUGATION.--ACTIVE. 31

(2) IMPERFECT TENSF-might, could, would, should.

S. Rĕg-ěrem, I might rule P. rĕg-ĕrēmus, we might rule
rĕg-ĕrēs, thou mightst rule rĕg-ĕrētis, ye might rule
rěg-ěrět, he might rule. reg-ĕrent, they might rule.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-may or can have.

ruled

have
.ruled
have
S. Rex-ĕrim, I may P. rex-ĕrimus, we may
rex-ĕris, thou mayst rex-ĕritis, ye may
.

rex-ĕrit, he may rex-ĕrint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have.
ruled

ruled
have

have
S. Rex-issem, I might P. rex-issēmus, we might
rex-issēs, thou mightst rex-issētis, ye might
.

.
rex-issět, he might rex-issent, they might

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
S. Rĕg-ě, rule thou. | P. rěg-itě, rule ye:
(2) FUTURE TENSE.
S. Rĕg-Ito, thou shalt rule P. rĕg-itōtě, ye shall rule
rěg-ito, he shall rule, or, bet reg-unto, they shall rule, or, bet
him rule. them rule.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Reg-ĕrě, to rule.
PERFECT. rex-issě, to have ruled.
FUTURE. rect-urus esse, to be about to rule.
GERUND.
Gen. Reg-endi, of ruling.
Dat. reg-endō, for ruling.
Acc. reg-endum, ruling.
Abl reg-endō, by ruling.

SUPINES.
Rect-um, to rule; rect-u, to be ruled.

PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. Reg-ens, ruling.
FUTURE. rect-ürüs, about to rule.
32 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 48.

$ 48. FOURTH CONJUGATION.-ACTIVE VOICE.

Audio, audivi, auditum, audirě- to hear.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE-am, do.
8. Aud-io, I hear P. aud-Imus, we hear
aud-Is. thou hearest aud-Itis, ye hear
audit, he hears. aud-iunt they hear.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-was, did, used to.

S. aud-iēbam, I was hearing P. aud-iēbāmès, we were hearing
aud-iēbās, thou wast hearing aud-iēbātis, ye were hearing
aud-iēbăt, he was hearing. aud-iebant, theywere hearing.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-have.

8. aud-IvI, I heard P. aud-Ivimüs, we heard
aud-IvistI, thou heardst aud-Ivistis, ye heard
aud-Ivit, he heard. aud-Ivērunt, theyheard.
(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had.
8. aud-Ivěram, I had heard P. aud-Ivěrāmus, we had heard
aud-Ivērās, thou hadst heard aud-Ivěrātis, ye had heard
aud-Ivěrǎt, he had heard. aud-Ivěrant, theyhad heard.

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will.

8. aud-iam, I shall hear P. aud-iēmus, we shall hear
aud-iēs, thou wilt hear aud-iētis, ye will hear
aud-iět, he will hear. aud-ient, they will hear.
(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have.
heard
have
have

8. aud-Ivěro, 1shall P. aud-Ivěrimüs, we shall

"Plumag

aud-Ivěris, thou wilt aud-Ivěritis, ye will

.

aud-Ivĕrit, he will aud-Ivěrint, they will

§ 49. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can.
8. Aud-iam, Imayhear P. aud-iămus, we may hear
aud-ias, thou mayst hear aud-iātis, ye may hear
aud-iät, he mayhear. aud-iant, they mayhear.
$ 49. FOURTH CONJUGATION. - ACTIVE. 33

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should.

S. aud-Irem, I mighthear P. aud-Irēmus, we might hear
aud-Irēs, thou mightst hear aud-Irētis, ye might hear
aud-Irět, he might hear. aud-Irent, they might hear.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-may or can have.

heard

heard
have
S. aud-Ivěrim, Imay have
P. aud-Ivěrimus, we may
aud-Ivěris, thou mayst . aud-Ivěritis, ye may

.
aud-Ivěrit, he may aud-Ivĕrint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have.

heard

heard
have

have
8. aud-Ivissem, Imight P. aud-Ivissēmus, we might`
aud-Ivissēs, thou mightst aud-Ivissėtis, ye might
.

.
aud-Ivissět, he might aud-Ivissent, they might

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
8. Aud-I, hear thou. | P. aud-Itě, hear ye.
(2) FUTURE TENSE.
S. aud-Ito, thou shalt hear P. aud-Itōtě, ye shall hear
aud-Ito, he shall hear, or, let aud-iunto, they them
shall hear.
hear, or,
him hear. let

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Aud-Irě, to hear.
PERFECT. aud-Ivissě, to have heard.
FUTURE. aud-Itürüs essě, to be about to hear.
GERUND.
Gen. Aud-iendĮ, of hearing.
Dat. aud-iendō, for hearing.
Acc. aud-iendum, hearing.
Abl. aud-iendo, by hearing.
SUPINES.
Aud-Itum, to hear ; aud-Itû, to be heard.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. Aud-iens, hearing.
FUTURE. aud-iturus, about to hear.
 34 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 50.

§ 50. FIRST CONJUGATION.-PASSIVE VOICE.

Amor, amātus sum, amārī—to be loved.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE- am.
s. Am-ör, Iam loved P. ǎm-amǎr, we are loved
ăm-āris, thou art loved ǎm-āmini, ye are loved
ăm-atăr, he is loved. ăm-antur, they are loved.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE was being.

being

8. ǎm-äbăr, I was

being
P. ǎm-ābāmur , we were
loved

loved
ăm-ābāris, thou wast ǎm-ābāmini, ye were
.

.
ǎm-ābātur, he was ǎm-ābantur, they were

(3) PERFECT TENSE-was, have been.

S. ǎm-atus sum, I was loved P. ǎm-āti sumus, we were loved.
ǎm-ātus ĕs, thou wast loved ǎm-āti estis, ye were loved
ǎm-ātus est, he was loved. ǎm-āti sunt, they were loved.

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had been.

loved

S. ǎm-ātus ĕram, I had P. ǎm-āti ĕrāmus, we had loved

been

been
ăm-ātus ĕrās, thou hadst ǎm-āti ĕrātis, ye had
.

ǎm-ätüs ĕrǎt, he had ǎm-āti ĕrant, they had

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will be.

8. ǎm-äbör, Ishall
loved

loved

P. ǎm-äbimür, we shall
ăm-āběris, thou wilt ǎm-ābimini, ye will
.
.

ăm-äbitür, he will } ăm-ābuntur, they will

(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have been.

have
have
been

been
.loved

loved

S. ǎm-ätüs érō, I shall P. ǎm-āti ĕrimüs, we shall

ăm-ātus ĕris, thou wilt ăm-āti ĕritis, ye will
.

ăm -atus ěrit, he will ǎm-āti ĕrunt, they will

§ 51. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can be.
8. Am-ör, Imay be loved P. ǎm-ēmür, we may be loved
am-ēris, thou mayst be loved ǎm-ĕmini, ye may be loved
ăm-etür, he may be loved. ǎm-entür, they may be loved.
§ 51 . FIRST CONJUGATION . - PASSIVE. 35
(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should be.
S. ǎm-ārĕr, I might be loved P. ǎm-ārēmůr, we might be loved
ăm-ārēris, thou mightst be loved ǎm-ārēmini, ye might be loved
ăm-ārētŭr, he might be loved. ǎm-arentur, theymightbeloved

(3) PERFECT TENSE-may have been.

have
been

have
S. ǎm-ātus sim, Imay

been
P.ăm-āti simüs, we may
.loved

. ed
ăm-ātus sis, thou mayst ǎm-āti sītis, ye may

lov
ăm-ātus sit, he may ǎm-āti sint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have been.

have
been

8. ǎm-ātus essem, I might '

have
P. ǎm-ātiessēmus, wemight`

been
loved

loved
ăm-ātus essēs, Ithou ǎm-āti essētis, ye might
mightst
.

.
ăm -atis essět , he might ǎm-ati essent, { they
might

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
8. Am-äre, be thou loved. | P. am-amini, be ye loved.

(2) FUTURE TENSE.

8. am-ator, thou shalt be loved P. am- antör, theyshall be loved, or,
am-ātor, he shall be loved, or, let them be loved.
let him be loved.

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Am-ārī, to be loved,
PERFECT. am-ātus essě, to have been loved.
FUTURE. am-ātum IrI, to be about to be loved.

PARTICIPLES.
PERFECT. Am-ātus, ă, um, loved.
GERUNDIVE. am-andés, a, um, meet to be loved.
36 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 52

§ 52. SECOND CONJUGATION.-PASSIVE VOICE.

MõneŎr, mõnitus sum, monērī, to be advised.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE—am.

S. Mŏn-eŎr, I am advised P. mon-ēmůr, we are advised
mon-ēris, thou art advised mon-ēmini, ye are advised
mon-ētür, he is advised. advised mon-entür, they are advised.

advised
(2) IMPERFECT TENSE was being.

being
being

S. mon-ēbăr, I was P. mon-ēbāmůr, we were

mon-ēbāris, thou wast mon-ēbāmini, ye were

.
.

mon-ēbātur, he was mon-ēbantur, they were

(3) PERFECT TENSE-was, have been.

S. mon-Itus sum, I was advised P. mon-iti sumus, we were advised
mon-itùs ĕs, thou wast advised mon-iti estis, ye were advised
mon-itus est, he was advised. mon-iti sunt, they were advised.

advised
advised

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had been.

S. mon-Itús ĕram, Ihad P. mon-iti ĕrāmüs, we had
been

been
mon-iti ĕrātis, ye had
.
mon-itus ĕrās,thou hadst
.

mon-Itús ĕrat, he had mon-iti ĕrant, they had

advised
advised

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will be.

S. mon-ĕbor, I shall P. mon-ēbimür, we shall
,

mon-ebimini, ye will
.

mon-ēběris, thou wilt

mon-ēbitür, he will mòn-ēbuntür, they will

(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have been.

.advised

ed
have
advis
beene

been
hav

S. mon-Itüs ĕro, Ishall P. mon-iti ĕrimús, we shall

.

mon-itüs ĕris, thou wilt mon-iti ĕritis, 'ye will

mon-ítüs ĕrit, he will mon-iti ĕrunt, they will

§ 53. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

advised
advised

(1 ) PRESENT TENSE-may or can be.

S. MŎn-eår, I may P. mŏn-eämür, we may
.
.

mon-eāris, thou mayst mon-eāmini, ye may

mon-eätür, he may mon-eantür, they may }
§ 53. SECOND CONJUGATION . -PASSIVE . 37

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should be.

advised

advised
S. mon-ērěr, I might P. mon-ērēmür, we might

.
mon-ērēris, thou mightst mon-ērēmini, ye might

.
mon-ērētǎr, he might mon-ērentür, theymight

(3) PERFECT TENSE-may or can have been.

advised

.advised
have

have
been

been
S. mon-Itus sim, I may P. mon-iti simüs, we may
mon-itus sis, thou mayst
.
mon-iti sitis, ye may
mon-Itŭs sit, he may mon-iti sint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have been.

d

advised
advise
have

have
been

been
S. Mön-Itüs essem, Imight P.mõnitiessēmus, wemight
mon-iti essētis , ye might
.

.
mon-Itus essēs, thou
mightst
mon-itus esset, he might) mon-Iti essent, theymight

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

( 1) PRESENT TENSE.
S. Mon-ërë, be thou advised. | P. mon-ēmini, be ye advised.

(2) FUTURE TENSE.

S. mon-ētör, thou shalt be advised P. mon-entor, they shall be advised,
mon-ētör, he shall be advised, or, or, let them be
let him be advised. advised.

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. MŎn-ēri, to be advised.
PERFECT. Mõn-itùs essě, to have been advised.
FUTURE. mon-Itum IrI, to be about to be advised.
PARTICIPLES .
PERFECT. Mön-Itüs, ǎ, um, advised.
GERUNDIVE. Mõn-endés, à, um, meet to be advised.
333
THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 54.

§ 54. THIRD CONJUGATION.-PASSIVE VOICE.

Rěgör, rectus sum, régi-to be ruled.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE―am.
S. Rěg-or, I am ruled P. reg-imůr, we are ruled
rěg-ĕris, thou art ruled rĕg-imini, ye are ruled
reg-itür, he is ruled. reg-untür,they are ruled.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE was being.

ruled
being

being
ruled

S. règ-ēbăr, I was P. règ-ētāmür, we were

reg-ēbāris, thou wast reg-ēbāminī, ye were

.
.

reg-ēbātur, he was reg-ēbantur, they were

(3) PERFECT TENSE-was, have been.

8. rec-tus sum, I was ruled P. rec-ti sumus, we were ruled
rec-tús ĕs, thou wast ruled rec-ti ěstis, ye were ruled
rec-tus est, he was ruled. rec-ti sunt, they were ruled.

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had been.

ruled
ruled

8. rec-tus ĕram, I had P. rec-ti ĕrāmus, we had

been
been

rec-tus ĕrās, thou hadst rec-ti ĕrātis, ye had

.
.

rec-tús ĕrăt, he had rec-ti ĕrant, they had

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will be.

S. reg-år, I shall be ruled P. règ-ēmůr, we shall be ruled
reg-ēris, thou wilt be ruled reg-ēmini, ye will be ruled
rĕg-ētür, he will be ruled. reg-entür, they will be ruled.

(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have been.

have
have

been
been

. d
ruled

8. rec-tús ĕro, I shall P. rec-ti ĕrĭmús, we shall

rule

rec-tus ĕris, thou wilt rec-ti ĕritis, ye will

.

rec-tús ĕrit, he will rec-ti ĕrunt, they will

§ 55. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can be.
S. Rĕg-år, Imay be ruled P. règ-ämür, we may be ruled
reg-āris, thou mayst be ruled rĕg-amini, ye may be ruled
reg-ätür, he may be ruled. reg-antür, they may be ruled.
$ 55. THIRD CONJUGATION . - PASSIVE . 39

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have been.

8. rěg-ěrěr, I might be ruled P. règ-ĕrēmür, we might be ruled
reg-ĕrēris, thou mightst be ruled règ-ĕrēmini, ye might be ruled
rĕg-ĕrētür, he might be ruled. reg-ĕrentur, theymight beraled.

(3) PERFECT TENSE-may or can have been.

have
been
have
been

ruled
8. rec-tüs sim, I may ruled
P. rec-ti simüs, we may
rec-tús sIs, thou mayst rec-ti sitis, ye may

.
.
rec-tús sit, he may rec-ti sint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should have been.

have
have

been
been
.ruled

.ruled
S. rec-tús essem, I might P. rec-ti essēmus, we might
thou rec-ti essetis, ye might
rec-tús essēs, mightst
rec-tús essět, he might rec-ti essent, they might

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
S. Rěg-ěrě, be thou ruled. | P. rěg-imini, be ye ruled.

(2) FUTURE TENSE.

8. rég-itor, thou shalt be ruled P. rěg-untŎr, they shall be ruled,
rěg-itör, he shall be ruled, or, let or, let them be
him be ruled. ruled

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Reg-1, to be ruled.
PERFECT. rec-tus essě, to have been ruled.
FUTURE. rec-tum IrI, to be about to be ruled.

PARTICIPLES.
PERFECT. Rec-tùs, ǎ, um, ruled.
GERUNDIVE. Těg-endüs, ă, um, meet to be ruled
40 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE, $ 56.

§ 56. FOURTH CONJUGATION.- PASSIVE VOICE.

Audior, auditùs sum, audiri-to be heard.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-am.

S. Aud-iör, I am heard P. aud-Imur, we are heard
aud-Iris, thou art heard aud-Imini, ye are heard
aud-Itur, he is heard. aud-iuntur, they are heard.

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE was being.

being

heard
being
heard

S. aud-iēbăr, I was P. aud-iēbāmur, we were

aud-iēbāris, thou wast aud-iēbāmini, ye were

.
.

aud-iēbātur, he was aud-iēbantur, they were

(3) PERFECT TENSE-was, have been.

S. aud-Itus sum, I was heard P. aud-Iti sumus, we were heard
aud-Itús ĕs, thou wast heard aud-Iti estis, ye were heard
aud-Itus est, he was heard. aud-Iti sunt, they were heard.

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-had been. heard

heard

P. aud-Iti ĕrāmüs, we had

been

S. aud-Itus ĕram, I had

been

aud-Itus ĕrās, thou hadst aud-Itī ĕrātis, ye had

.
.

aud-Itús ĕrăt, he had aud-Iti ĕrant, they had

(5) FUTURE TENSE-shall or will be.

S. aud-iär, I shall be heard P. aud-iēmür, we shall be heard
aud-iēris, thou wilt be heard aud-iēminī, ye will be heard
aud-iētür, he will be heard. aud-ientur, they will be heard.
(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE-shall or will have been.
have

have
been

been
.heard

.heard

S. aud-Itus ĕro, I shall P. aud-Iti ĕrimüs, we will

aud-Itus ĕris, thou wilt aud-iti ĕritis, ye will
aud-Itús ĕrit, he will aud-ItI ĕrunt, they will

§ 57. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

(1) PRESENT TENSE-may or can be.
8. Aud-iăr, Imaybe heard P. aud-iāmür, we may be heard
aud-iāris, thou mayst be heard aud-iamini, ye may be heard
aud-iãtur, he may be heard. aud-iautur, they may be heard.
$ 57. FOURTH CONJUGATION . -PASSIVE. 41

(2) IMPERFECT TENSE- might, could, would, should be.

heard
S. aud-Irĕr, I might P. aud-Irēmür, we might

* p.mag
aud-Irēris, thou mightst aud-Irēminī, ye might

.
aud-Irētúr, he might aud-Irentur, they might

(3) PERFECT TENSE-Inay or can have been.

have
have

been
been

.heard
.heard
S. aud-Itus sim, I may P. aud-ItI sImus, we may
aud-Itus sis, thou mayst aud-Iti sitis, ye may
aud-Itus sit, he may aud-ItI sint, they may

(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE-might, could, would, should, have been.

have

have
been

been
heard

heard
8. aud-Itus essem, I might P.aud-ItIessēmus, §, we might
aud-Itús essēs, thou aud-Iti essetis, ye might
.

mightst

.
aud-Itus esset, he might) aud-Iti essent, theymight

IMPERATIVE MOOD..

(1) PRESENT TENSE.

8. Aud-Irĕ, be thou heard. | P. aud-Imini, be ye heard..

(2) FUTURE TENSE.

Saud-Itor, thou shalt be heard P. aud-iuntor, they shall be heard,
aud-Itor, he shall be heard, or, or, let them be
let him be heard. heard.

INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. Aud-IrI, to be heard.
PERFECT. aud-Itus essě, to have been heard.
FUTURE. aud-Itum Irī, to be about to be heard.

PARTICIPLES.
PERFECT. Aud-Itüs, à, um, heard.
GERUNDIVE. aud-iendús, a, um, meet to be heard.
 42 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 58.

§ 58. SIGNS OF THE TENSES AND MOODS.

Most of the Tenses may be translated in more than

one way.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRES . Amō, I love, am loving, or do love.
IMP. Amābam, I loved, was loving, or used to love.
PERF. Amāvi, I loved, or have loved.
PLUP. Amāvēram, I had loved.
FUT. Amābō, I shall or will love, or be loving.
FUT.-PERF. Amāvěrō, I shall, or will have loved.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRES. Amem, I may, can, would, should, could love, or be
loving.
IMP. Amārem, I might, could, would, should love, or be
loving, or have been loving.
PERF. Amāvěrim, I may, can, might, would, should have
loved, or love.
PLUP. Amāvissem, I might, could, would, should have
loved.

§ 59. The Present Subjunctive is also used as a

softened Imperative, or to express a wish.
Amem, may I love, or let me love.
Amět, may he love, or let him love.
Amēmus, may we love, or let us love.
Ament, may they love, or let them love.

§ 60. The following contracted forms of some of the

Tenses are often met with :-
Amasti for ămāvisti ; ămasse for ămāvisse.
Amastĭs for amāvistīs ; ămărunt for ămāvērunt.
Audfit for audivit ; audĭērunt for audivērunt ; &c.
§ 61. The Third Person Plural Perfect Active often
ends in ērě instead of erunt, thus :-
Amāvērunt or ămāvērě ; mõnuērunt or mõnuērě.
Rexērunt or rexērě ; audīvērunt or audivērě.
§ 62. In the Passive Voice we have re for ris :-
Amārĭs or ǎmārĕ ; ămābārĭs or ămābārĕ ; ămābĕris or ămābĕrš.
Amēris or ǎmērĕ ; ǎmārēris or ămārērĕ ; &c.
§ 63. PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. 43

PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION.

§ 63. The Participles in rus and dus may be con-

jugated with all the tenses of Sum, and this is called
the PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION .

ACTIVE VOICE .
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRES. Amātürüs sum, I am about to love.
IMP. Amātūrus ĕram, I was about to love.
PERF. Ămātūrus ful, Ihave been, or, was about to love.
PLUP. Amātūrus fuĕram, Ihad been about to love.
FUT. Ămātūrus ĕro, I shall be about to love.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRES. Ămātūrus sim, I may be about to love.
IMP. Ămātūrus essem, I might be about to love.
PERF. Ămātūrus fuĕrim, Imay have been about to love.
PLUP. Amātūrus fuissem, I might have been about to love.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRES. Amätürüs essě, to be about to love.
PERF. Amātūrus fuissē, to have been about to love.

PASSIVE VOICE .
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRES. Amandus sum, Iam to be loved.
IMP. Amandus ĕram, I was to be loved.
PERF. Amandus ful, Ihave been, or, was to be loved.
PLUP. Amandus fuĕram, Ihad been to be loved.
FUT. Amandus ĕro. I shall be to be loved.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRES. Amandés sim, I may be to be loved.
IMP. Amandus essem, I might be to be loved.
PERF. Amandŭs fuĕrim, Imay have been to be loved.
PLUP. Amandus fuissem, Imight have been to be loved.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRES. Amandús essě, to be meet to be loved.
PERF. Amandüs fuissě, to have been meet to be loved.
44 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 64.

$ 64. FORM FOR CONJUGATING VERBS.

ACTIVE VOICE.

1st Conj. 2nd Conj. 3rd Conj . 4th Conj.

1st Pr.Pres. Am-ō Mon-ěō Reg-ō Aud-fo
2ndPr.Pres. ǎm-ās mon-ēs reg-Is aud-is
Perfect. ǎm -āvī mon-ŭi rex-i aud-ivi
Pres. Infin. ăm-ārĕ mon-ēre reg-ĕrě aud-ire
Ger. in di.ăm-andi mon-endi reg-endi aud-fendi
22 do. ăm ando mon-endō reg-endō aud-fendō
22 dum. ăm-andum mon-endum reg-endum aud-Yendum
Sup. in um.ăm-ātum mon-itum rec-tum aud-itum
"" 11. ǎm-ātū mon-Itū rec-tū aud-itu
Part.--Pres. am-ans mon-ens reg-ens aud-fens
"" Fut ăm-ātūrus mon-Itūrus rec-tūrus aud-itūrus

PASSIVE VOICE.

1st Conj. 2nd Conj. 3rd Conj . 4th Conj.

1st Pr. Pres. | Am -Ŏr Mon-ĕŏr Rĕg-or Aud-for
2ndPr.Pres. ǎm -āris mon-ēris reg-ĕris aud-iris
Perfect. ămātus sum monitus sum rec-tus sum aud-itus sum
Pres. Infin. ǎm-ārī mon-ērī reg-i aud-iri
Part. Perf. ǎm-ātus mon-Itus rec-tus aud-itus
Gerundive. Jăm-andus mon-endus reg-endus aud-fendus

Name the principal parts of the following verbs as in the

above tables :-
I.-Laudo, I praise ; honoro, I honour ; judico, I judge ; voco,
I call ; aro, I plough ; aedifico, I build ; creo, I create ; canto,
I sing ; juro, I swear.
II. -Exerceo, I exercise ; terreo, I frighten ; debeo, I owe,
ought ; prohibeo, I forbid ; mereo, I merit, deserve.
III.-Dico, I say ; duco, I lead ; jungo, I join ; sugo, I suck ;
tcgo, I cover.
IV.-Punio, I punish ; vestio, I clothe ; nutrio, I nourish ;
finio, I finish ; munio, I fortify ; sepelio, I bury ; erudio, ▲
educate.
§ 65. IRREGULAR PERFECTS AND SUPINES . 45

IRREGULAR PERFECTS AND SUPINES.

FIRST CONJUGATION.
§ 65. Most Verbs of the First Conjugation are
formed regularly, like ǎmō, ămāvī, ămātum, ămārē ;
the following are exceptions :-
Pres. Perf. Sup. Infin.
Cubō, căbăi, cubitum, căbăre, to lie down.
Dŏmo, dŏmui, domitum, dŏmāre, to tame.
Sŏno, sŎnŭi, sonitum, sonāre, to sound.
Tŏno, tonui, tonitum, tonäre, to thunder.
Věto, větui, větĭtum , větāre, to forbid.
Sěco, sĕcui, sectum, secāre, to cut.
Do , dědi, datum, dăre, to give.
Sto, stěti , stātum, stāre, to stand.
Jŭvo, jūvī, jūtum, juvāre, to help.
Lavõ , lāvi, lōtum, lavāre, to wash.

SECOND CONJUGATION.
§ 66. Verbs of the Second Conjugation generally
follow moněō, monui, monitum, monērě ; the following
are exceptions : -—
Pres. Perf. Sup. Infin.
Dēlěō, dēlēvī, dēlētum , dēlēre, to blot out.
Fleo, flēvi, flētum, flere, to weep .
Docĕo, docăi, doctum, docere, to teach.
Miscĕo , miscui, mistum, miscere, to mix.
Těneo, těnŭi, tentum , těnĕre, to hold.
Augeo, auxi, auctum , augere, to increase.
Lūgeo, luxi, lūgēre, to mourn.
Rideo, rīsi, risum, rīdēre, to laugh.
Suãdeo, suasi, suasum, suādēre, to advise.
Măneo, mansi, mansum, mǎnēre, to remain.
Jůběo, jussi, jussum, jūbēre, to command.
Haereo, haesi, haesum, haerere, to stick.
Luceo, luxi, lūcēre, to shine.
Mordeo, momordi, morsum, mordere, to bite.
Pendeo, pěpendi, pensum, pendere, to hang.
Spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, spondere, to promise.
Sŏdeo, sēdi, sessum, sĕdere, to sit. i
Video, vidi, visum, videre, to sce.
Mŏveo, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, to move.
Vŏveo, vōvi, vōtum, vŎvēre, to vow.
46 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 67.

THIRD CONJUGATION.

§ 67. The parts of Verbs of the Third Conjugation

are formed in many different ways.
Pres. Perf. Sup. Infin.
Regō, rexi, rectum , regĕre, to rule.
Dico, dixi, dictum , dicĕre, to say.
Duco, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, to lead.
Figo, fixi, fixum, figĕre, to fix.
Jungo, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, to join.
Těgo, texi, tectum, těgĕre, to cover.
Unguo, unxi, unctum , unguĕre, to anoint.
Trăho , traxi, tractum, trăhĕre, to draw.
Věho, vexi, vectum , věhĕre, to carry.
Vivo, vixi, victum, vivĕre, to live.
Fluo, fluxi, fluxum, flŭĕre, toflow.
Strǎo, struxi, structum, strůĕre, to pile.
Claudo, clausi, clausum , claudĕre, to shut.
Divido, divisi, divisum , dividĕre, to divide.
Lūdo, lūsi, lūsum, lūdĕre, to play.
Vado, vāsi, vāsum, vādĕre, to go.
Cēdo, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre , to yield.
Mitto, mīsi, missum, mittere, to send.
Nubo, nupsi, nuptum, nubĕre, tobe married
Scribo, scripsi, scriptum , scribere, to write.
Sūmo, sumpsi, sumptum, gūmĕre, to take.
Temno, tempsi, temptum, temnere, to despise.
Premo, pressi, pressum, prěměre, to press.
Gĕro , gessi, gestum, gĕrĕre, to carry on.
Alo, ălăi, altum, alĕre, to nourish.
Cŏlo, colui, cultum, colĕre, to till.
Pōno, posŭi, positum, ponĕre, to place.
Техо, texŭi, textum, texĕre, to weave.
Cerno, crēvi, crētum, cernere, to discern.
Cresco, crēvi, crētum, crescere, to grow.
Nosco, nōvi, nōtum, noscere, to know.
Pasco, pāvi, pastum , pascĕre, to feed.
Requiesco, requlēvi, requiescere, to rest.
Quaero, quaesivi, quaesitum, quaerere, to seek.
Disco, didici, discĕre, to learn.
Curro, cucurri, cursum, currere, to run.
Fallo, fefelli, falsum, fallĕre, to deceive.
Cădo, cecidi, cāsum, cădĕre, to fall.
Căno , cecini, cantum, căněre, to sing.
Caedo, cecidi, caesum , caedĕre, to kill.
Tollo, sustuli, sublatum, tollĕre, to take up.
 § 68. IRREGULAR PERFECTS AND SUPINES . 47

Credo, crēdĭdi, creditum , crēdĕre, to believe.

Vendo, vendĭdi, vendĭtum, vendĕre, to sell.
Vinco, vīci, victum, vincere, to conquer.
Ago, ēgi, actum , ǎgere, to do.
Frango, frēgi, fractum, frangere, to break.
Lego, lēgi, lectum, légère, to read.
Emo, ēmi, emptum, ĕměre, to buy.
Bibo, bibi, bibitum, bibĕre, to drink.
FOURTH CONJUGATION.
§ 68. Most Verbs of the Fourth Conjugation are
formed regularly, like audio, audīvī, audītum, audīrě ;
the following are exceptions : :--
Pres. Perf. Sup. Inf.
Apěrĭō, ǎperui, ǎpertum, aperire, to open.
Sĕpělio, sĕpělivi, sepultum , sepelire, to bury.
Haurio, hausi, haustum , haurire , to draw out.
Sentio, sensi, sensum , sentire, to feel.
Věnio, vēni, ventum, věnīre, to come.

VERBS IN IO OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION.

§ 69. Some Verbs ending in io are conjugated in some
of their tenses like rego, and in others like audio.
Căpio, cepi, captum, căpěrě, to take.
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD .
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
8. Cap-io, Itake P. Cặp -imüs , we take
Căp-is, thou takest Cặp -itis, ye take
Căp-It, he takes. Căp-iunt, they take,
(2) IMPERFECT TENSE.
S. Căp-iebam, I wastaking. P. Căp-iēbāmus, we were taking.
(3) PERFECT TENSE.
S. Cep-I, I have taken. | P. Cēp-imus, we have taken
(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE
8. Cēp-ĕram, I had taken. P. Cēp-ĕramus, we had taken.
(5) FUTURE TENSE.
8. Căp-iam, I shall take. ! Cap-iēmus, we shall take.
(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE.
S. Cēp-ĕro, I shall have taken. | P. Cēp-ĕrimus, we shall have taken.
48 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 69.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
8. Cặp -iam , I may take. | P. Căp-iamŭs, we may take.
(2) IMPERFECT TENSE.
8 Cặp - ěrem , I might take. | P. Cặp -ěrămüs , we might take.
(3) PERFECT TENSE.
8. Cēp-ĕrim, I may have taken. | P. Cēp-ĕrimus, we may have taken.
(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE.
S. Cēp-issem, I might have taken. | P. Cēp-issēmus, we might have
taken .
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
PREs . Cặp-ě , take thou ; cặp- ité, take ye.
FUT. Căp -ito, thou shalt take ; căp- lunto , let them take.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
PrEs . Cặp -ěrè , to take. PERF. Cēp-issě, to have taken.
PARTICIPLES.
PRES. Căp-iens, taking. FUT. Cap-türüs, about to take.
GERUNDS.
Căp-iendi, căp-iendo, căp-iendum.

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD .
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
8. Cặp -ir, I am taken P. Căp-imur, we are taken
Cặp - ěris , thou art taken Căp-imini, ye are taken
Cặp- tur, he is taken. Căp-iuntur, they are taken.
(2) IMPERFECT TENSE.
S. Căp-iēbar was being taken. | P. Căp-iēbāmür, we were being
taken.
(3) PERFECT TENSE.
S. Cap-tus sum, I was taken. | P. Cap-ti sumus, we were taken,
(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE.
S. Cap-tús ĕi am, I had been taken. | P. Cap-ti ĕrāmüs, we had been
taken.
(5) FUTURE TENSE.
8. Căp-iăr, I shall be taken. | P. Cap-iēmür, we shall be taken.
(6) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE.
S. Cap-tús ĕro, I shall
taken.have been | P. Cap-ti ĕrimüs, webeen
shall have
taken.
§ 69. VERBS IN IO OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION. 49
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE.
S. Căp-iăr, I maybe taken. | P. Cap-iāmür, we may be taken.
(2) IMPERFECT TENSE.
8. Cặp -ěrèr , I might be taken. | P. Căp-ĕrēmür, we might be taken.
(3) PERFECT TENSE.
S. Cap-tús sim, I may have been P. Cap-ti simus, we may have been
taken. taken.
(4) PLUPERFECT TENSE.
S. Cap-tus essem, I might have P. Cap-ti essēmüs, we might have
been taken. been taken.
IMPERATIVE MOOD,
PRES . Căpĕ-rĕ, be thou taken ; cap-imini, be ye taken.
FUT. Căp-ItŎr, thou shalt be taken ; căp-iuntör, let them be taken.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRES. Căp-I, to be taken. PERF. Cap-tùs essě, to have been taken.
PARTICIPLES.
PERF. Cap-tús, ǎ, um, taken,
GERUNDIVE. Căp-iendus, ǎ, um, meet to be taken.
Conjugate the following Verbs like capio :—
Pres. Perf. Sup. Infin.
Făcio, feci, factum, facere, to make.
Jăcio , jēcī , jactum , jăcěre , to throw.
Fugio, fūgi, fugitum, fügĕrě, to flee.
Fŏdio, fōdi, fossum, fŏděrě, to dig.
Răpio, răpui, raptum, răpěrẻ, to seize.
Căpio, căpivi. căpitum, cúpěrè, to desire.
OBS.-Dico, duco, facio, make dic, duc, fac in the Second Person Im-
perative Singular, Dic mihi, tell me ; fuc hoc, do this.

DEPONENT VERBS,

§ 70. Deponent Verbs have a passive form, but an

active meaning. They take Gerunds, Supines and
Participles Active. Intransitive Deponents want the
Supine in u and the Gerundive. Hortor, I exhort ;
vereor, I fear ; loquor, I speak ; partior, I divide,
conjugated like amor, moneor, regor, and audior.
D
50 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 70.

1. Hortor, hortātus sum, hortāri, 2. VěreŎr, věritus sum,

to exhort. věrēri, to fear.
INDICATIVE MOOD. INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRES. Hort-Ŏr, I exhort. Vĕr-eŎr, Ifear.
IMP. Hort-abǎr, Iwasexhorting. Vĕr-ēbăr, I was fearing.
PERF. Hort-ātus sum, I exhorted. Vĕr-itus sum, Ifeared.
PLUP. Hort-atŭs ĕram, Ihad exhorted. Věr-ítús ĕram, I had feared.
FUT. Hort-abor, I shall exhort. Věr-ĕbor, I shall fear.
FUT. ( I shall have Věr-itus ĕro, I shall have
PERF Hort-ātus ĕro, exhorted. feared.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRES. Hort-ěr, Imay exhort. Vĕr-eår, I mayfear.
IMP. Hort-ārĕr , Imightexhort. Vĕr-ērĕr, I might fear.
PERF. Hort-ātus sim, I may have Věr-itüs sim, may have
exhorted . feared .
PLUP Hort-ātus I might have Vĕr-itüs I might have
essem , exhorted. essem, jeared.
IMPERATIVE MOOD. IMPERATIVE MOOD.
PRES. Hort-ārĕ, exhort thou. Vĕr-ērě, fear thou.
FUT. Hort-ätör, thou shalt exhort. Vĕr-ētŎr, thou shaltfear.
INFINITIVE MOOD. INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRES. Hort-ārī, to exhort. Vĕr-ēri, to fear.
PERF. Hort-atus esse, tohaveexhorted Vĕr-itùs essě, to havefeared.
FUT. (? Hort-atürüs
esse,
to be about to Vĕr-itürús essě, to be about to
exhort. fear.
PARTICIPLES. PARTICIPLES.
PRES. Hort-ans, exhorting. Vĕr-ens, fearing.
PERF. Hort-ātus, having exhorted. Vĕr-itùs, havingfeared.
FUT. Hort-ātūrus, about to exhort. Věr -itürüs , about tofear.
GER. Hort-andüs, fit to be exhorted. Vĕr-endus, fit to be feared.
SUPI ES. SUPINES.
Hort-atum, to exhort. Vĕr-Itum, to fear.
Hort-ātu, to be exhorted. Vĕr-itü, to befeared.
GERUND. GERUND.
Hort-andi, ofexhorting. Vĕr-endi, offearing.
§ 70. DEPONENTS. 51

3. Loquor, löcütüs sum, lõqui, 4. Partior, partitus sum,

to speak. partiri, to divide.
INDICATIVE MOOD. INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRES. LŎqu-Ŏr, I speak. Part-1Ŏr, I divide.
IMP. Loqu-ēbăr, I was speaking Part-iēbăr, I was dividing.
PERF. LŎcü-tūs sum, I spoke. Part-Itus sum, Idivided.
PLUP. Locü-tus èram, I had spoken. Part-Itús ĕram, I had divided.
FUT. LŎqu-ǎår, I shall speak. Part-iår, I shall divide.
FUT.Löcü-tüs ĕro, I shall have Part-Itus ĕro, I shail have
PERF вролеп. divided.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRES. LŎqu-år, I may speak. Part-iăr, Imay divide.
IMP. Lõqu -ěrăr , I might speak. Part-Irěr, I might divide.
PERF. may n.have
Löcü-tüs sim, { I mocke Part-Itus sim, I divided.
may have
PLUP. Locü-tús essem, I might have Part-Itŭs SI might have
spoken. essem, divided.
IMPERATIVE MOOD. IMPERATIVE MOOD.
PRES. Loqu-ěrě , speak thou. Part-Irě, divide thou.
FUT. Loqu-itör, thou shalt speak. Part-Itor,
thou shalt divide.
INFINITIVE MOOD. INFINITIVE MOOD.
PRES. LŎqu-I, to speak. Part-IrI, to divide.
PERF. LŎcü-tús esse, tohave spoken. Part-Itus essě, to have divided.
FUT. Löcü-türús esse to be about to Part-Itürüs to be about to
speak. ⚫esse, divide.
PARTICIPLES. PARTICIPLES.
PRES. LŎqu-015, speria.ng. Part-iens, dividing.
PERF. Locü-túa, haring spoken. Fart Itús, having divided.
FU . Locü-türüa ut to speak. | Part-Itürüs, about to divide.
GER. ¿quendis, to be spoken. Part-iendüs, fit to be divided.
KUPINES. SUPINES.
Atuia, to speak. Pa t-Itum, to divide.
Löcü-tü, to be spoken. Part-Itü, to be divided.
GERUND. GERUND.
Loqu-endi, ofspeaking. Part-iendi, ofdividing.
32
52

.
COURSE
LATIN
VULGATE
THE

70
.
$
FORM OF CONJUGATION FOR DEPONENTS.
1st Conjug. 2nd Conjug. 3rd Conjug. 4th Conjug.
1st Pers. Pres. Hort-or Vĕr-ĕŏr Loqu-Ŏr Part-for
2nd Pers. Pres. hort-āris vĕr-ēris loqu-ĕrts part-iris
Perfect hort-ātus vĕr-ĭtus locu-tus part-itus
sum sum sum sum
Pres. Infin. hort-āri vĕr-ērī loqu-i part-iri
Gerund in di hort-andi vĕr-endi loqu-endi part-Yendi
do hort-andō věr-endo loqu-endō part-Yendō
99 dum hort-andum věr-endum loqu-enduin partiendum
Supine in um hort-atur vĕr-ĭtum lŏcu-tum part-itum
99 u hort-ātu věr-ĭtū lŏcu-tu part-itū
Part. Pres. hort-ans vĕr-ens lŏqu-ens part-lens
Perf. hort-ātus vĕr-Itus locü-tus part-itus
"2 Fut. hort-ātūrus vĕr-ĭtūrus locu-tūrus part-itūrus
Gerundive hort-andus ver-endus loqu-endus part-Yendus

Conjugate as above the following Deponents :—

FIRST CONJUGATION.
Pres. Perf: Infin.
Adulor, adulatus sum, adulari, toflatter.
Comitor, comitatus sum, comitari, to accompany.
Cōnor, conatus sum, conari, to attempt.
Contemplor, contemplatus sum, contemplari, to behold.
Glorior, gloriatus sum , gloriari, to boast.
Imitor, imitatus sum, imitari, to imitate.
Interpretor, interpretatus sum, interpretari, to interpret.
Lacrymor, lacrymatus sum, lacrymari, to weep.
Miror, miratus sum , mirari, to wonder.
Precor, precatus sum, precari, to pray.
Recordor, recordatus sum, recordari, to remember.
Věnĕror, veneratus sum, venerari , to reverence.
Venor, venatus sum, venari, to hunt.

SECOND CONJUGATION.
Pres . Perf Infin.
Confiteor, confessus sum, confiteri, to confess.
Mĕreor, měritus sum, měrēri, to merit.
Misĕreor, misĕritus sum, * misĕrēri, to havepity on.
Polliceor, pollicitus sum, pollicēri, to promise.
Reor, rātus sum, rēri, to think.
Tueor, tultus sum, tuēri, to protect.
* Or misertus sum.
$ 70. DEPONENTS . 53

THIRD CONJUGATION.
Pres. Perf. Infin.
Fungor, functus sum , fungi, to perform.
Ingredior, ingressus sum, ingredi. to go into.
Labor, lapsus sum, lābi, to slip.
Mŏrior, mortuus sum, mori, to die.
Pátior, passus sum, pǎti, to suffer.
Queror, questus sum, queri, to complain.
Sequor, secutus sum, sequi, to follow.
Utor, ūsus sum, ūti, to use.
Rĕvertor , reversus sum, rĕverti, to return.
Reminiscor, reminisci, to remember.
Nascor, nātus sum, nasci, to be born.
Obliviscor, oblitus sum, oblivisci, to forget.
Proficiscor, profectus sum, proficisci, to set out.
Vescor, vesci, to cat.

FOURTH CONJUGATION.
Pres. Perf. Infin.
Assentior, assensus sum, assentiri, to agrec to.
Expĕrior, expertus sum, experiri, to try.
Mentior, mentitus sum, mentiri, to lie.
Orior, ortus sum, orīri, to rise.
Sortior, sortitus sum, sortiri, to take by lot.
64 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 71.

ADVERBS.

§ 71. There are several classes of Adverbs. The

following are the most common :—

1. TIME.- Nunc, now ; tunc, then ; quando, when ? hodie, to-day ;

heri, yesterday ; cras, to-morrow ; jam, now,
presently; semper, always ; interdum, sometimes.
2. PLACE.-Ubi, where ? ibi, there ; prope, near ; huc, hither
foris, without ; subtus, beneath ; unde, whence ;
hinc, hence.
3. MANNER.- Bene, well ; male, badly ; fortiter, bravely ; sapi-
enter, wisely ; sicut, as, like.
4. DEGREE.-Valde, very ; maxime, very greatly ; magis, more ;
longe, by far ; satis, enough.
5. AFFIRMATION. — Certe, etiam, ita, profecto, utique, yes, truly, &c.
6. NEGATION.- Non, haud, not.

§ 72. Adverbs are derived from Adjectives and Parti-

ciples, and end in e and ter ; as, ver-us (adj . ) , vere, truly ;
liber, free (gen. liber-i) ; libere, freely ; prudens, pru-
dentis, prudent ; prudenter, prudently.

§ 73. Adverbs have three Degrees of Comparison.

The COMPARATIVE ends in ius, being the same as the

Neuter Singular of the Comparative Adjective (see § 21 ).

The SUPERLATIVE ends in issime, being formed from

the Superlative Adjective by changing final us into e.
Positive. Comparative. Superlative.
Doctē, learnedly, doctĭus, doctissimë
Miserē, wretchedly, miserius, miserrimē
Prudenter, prudently, prudentius, prudentissime
Facile, easily, facilius, facillimē.
§ 74. PREPOSITIONS. 55
55

§ 74. The following are irregularly compared :-

Adj. Pos. Comp. Sup.
Bonus, good, běně, well, mělius, optimĕ
Mălus, bad, mălě, badly, pējus, pessimē
Magnus, great, măgis, maximē
Multǎs, much, multum, much, plūs, plurimum .
Compare the following Adverbs :-Alte, highly ; libere, freely ;
saepe, often ; acriter, keenly ; feliciter, happily ; audacter, boldly ;
pulchre, beautifully ; beate, happily ; attente, attentively.

PREPOSITIONS.

§ 75. Some Prepositions are followed by an Accusa-

tive Case alone, some by an Ablative alone, and some
by an Accusative or Ablative.

The following Prepositions govern the Accusative

Case :-
Ad , to. Juxta, near, beside.
Adversus, Ob, on account of.
Adversum, towards, against. Pěněs, in the power of.
Ante, before. Pěr, through, by, during.
Apăd, at, near. Pōně, behind.
Circa, circum, around. Post, after, behind.
Circiter, about (of time). Praeter, beside.
Cis, citra, on this side. Propě, near.
Contra, against. Propter, on account of.
Erga, towards. Secundum, according to.
Extra, without, beyond. Supra, above.
Infra, below. Trans, across.
Inter, between. Ultra, beyond.
Intră, within. Versus, versum, towards.
The following govern the Ablative Case :--
A, ǎb, abs, by, from. E, ex, out of, from.
Absque, without. Pălam, in sight of.
Clam, without the knowledge of. Prae, before.
Cōram, before, in the presence of. Pro, for, instead of.
Cum, with. Sině, without.
De, from, concerning. Těnus, reaching to, asfar as.
56 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE . § 76.

The following govern the Accusative or Ablative:—

In, into, against (with Acc.), in , upon, among (with Abl.).
Sub, up to, under (with Acc. ), under (with Abl.).
Subter, under.
Super, over, upon.

CONJUNCTIONS.

§ 76. Conjunctions are indeclinable words used to

connect words or sentences, and show the relation
existing between them.

The following is a list of some of the principal

Conjunctions :
Et, que, ac, atque, and. Etiam, quoque, also.
Aut, vel, ve, either, or. Si, if.
Nec, neque, neither, nor. Nisi, ifnot, unless.
Sed, autem, but. Cum, quum, when, since.
Nam, enim, for. Quod, quia, because.
Ut, that. Ergo, itaque, igitur, therefore.
Ne, lest, that not. Dum, whilst, until.

INTERJECTIONS.

§ 77. Interjections are sounds used to express

emotion, or to draw attention.

The most usual Interjections are :-

O, O! oh! Prō, prōh, forbid it♪
A, ah, alas ! Vae, woe !
Eheu, heu, hei, alas ! En, ecce, behold !
§ 78 . IRREGULAR VERBS. 57.

IRREGULAR VERBS.

§ 78. Irregular Verbs are such as do not form all

their parts according to the general rules.

1. Possum, potěs, põtůi, possě, potuisse, potens, to be able, can.

2. Vělo, vis, võlŭi, vellě, võlŭissě, võlendī, võlendō, võlendum ,
volens, to be willing.
3. Nōlo, nonvis, nōlŭi, nollě, nōlŭissě, nōlendi, nōlendō, nōlendum,
nōlens, to be unwilling.
4. Mālo, māvis, mīlui, mallě, mālŭissě, mālendī, mālendō,
mālendum, mālens, to wish rather.
5. Fero, fers, tŭli, ferrě, tŭlisse, lātūrus esse, ferendi, fĕrendō,
férendum, latum, lātū, fèrens, lātūrus , to bear.
6. Fiō, fis, factus sum, fieri, facturus esse, factum īrī, factus,
făcĭendus, to become or be made.*
7. Eō, is, ivi, īre, īvissě, Itūrus esse, ĕundī, ĕundō, ĕundum,
Itum, Itū, ĕuns or lens, Itūrus, to go.
8. Fĕror, ferris, latus sum, ferri, lātus esse, lātum īrī, lātus,
ferendus, to be borne.

OBS.-1. Fio is partly used as the passive offacio.

2. Queo and its compound nequeo are conjugated like eo.
3. Noli, nolite are used as softened Imperatives : as, noli putare,
be unwilling to think ; i.e., do not think ; nolite judicare,
judge not; noli timere, fear not.

* Factum est, it cameto pass.

 58 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 78.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT

Possum, potěs, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt

Vŏlo, vis, vult, volumus, vultis, volunt
Nōlo, nonvis, nonvult, nōlămus, nonvultis, nōlunt
.

Malo, māvis, māvult, mālumus, māvultis, mālunt

Fĕrō, fers, fert, fĕrimus, fertis, fĕrunt
Fiō, fis, fit, [fimus], [fitis], fiunt
Eō, is, It, imus, itis, ĕunt
.IMPERFECT

Pŏt- ĕram, ĕrās, ĕrăt, ĕrāmés, ĕrātis, ĕrant

Võlē-
Nōlē-
Mālē- bant
Fĕrē- bam, bās, bǎt, bāmus, bātis,
Fie-
I-
ECT

Pŏtů-
PERF

Võlu-
Nōlu-
.

Mālǎ- i, isti, Yt, Imus, istis, ērunt,

or ērĕ
CT

Tăl-
PLUPERFE

Iv-
Pŏtů-
Võlu-
.

Nōlů-
Mālǎ- ĕram, ĕrās, ĕrăt, ĕramus, ĕrātis, ĕrant
Tul-
Iv-
. TURE

Föt- ĕrō, ĕris, ĕrit, ĕrimus, ĕritis, ĕrunt

Vŏl-
FU

Nōl-
Mal- am, ēs, ět, ēmus, ētis, ent
Fĕr-
Fi- }
PERFECT
FUTURE

I- bō, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt

Pŏtů-
.

Vŏlů-
Nōlǎ- ĕrint
Mālǎ- ĕrö, ĕris, ĕrit, ĕrimus, ĕritis,
Tul-
Iv-
§ 78. IRREGULAR VERBS . 59
59

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESE NT

(Poss-
Věl- imis, itis, int
Nōl- im, is, It,
.

Mal-
Fĕr-
Fi- am , ās, ǎt, āmus, ätys, ant
E-
RFECT

Poss-
IMPE

Vell-
Noll-
.

Mall- em, ēs, ět, ēmus, ētis, ent

Ferr-
Fiĕr-
Ir-
PERFECT

Potů
Võlu-
Nōlů-
.

Mālǎ- ĕrim, ĕris, ĕrit, ĕrimus, ĕritis, ĕrint

CT

Tul-
PLUPERFE

Iv.
Pŏtů-
Võlu-
.

Nōlů-
Mālǎ- issem, issēs, issět, issēmus, issētĭs, issent
Tul-
Iv-

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
(1) PRESENT TENSE
Sing. 2. Nōlī, do not thou. Plur. 2. nōlitě, do not ye.
Fer, bear thou. ferte, bear ye.
Fi, become thou. fitě, become ye.
I, go thou. itě, go ye.
(2) FUTURE TENSE.
Sing. 2. Nōlītī, 3. nōlītō Plur. 2. nōlītōtě, 3. nōluntō
Fertō, fertō fērtōtě, fĕruntō
Itō, itō itōtě, Punto
60 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 79.

DEFECTIVE VERBS.
§ 79. Defective Verbs are such as want many of
the usual parts of a verb.
(1) Aiō, I say ; ǎls, thou sayest; alt, he says ; aiunt, they say.
(2) Inquam, I say; inquis, thou sayest ; inquit, he says;
inquimus, we say.
(3) Quaeso, I entreat ; quaesămăs, we entreat.
(4) Fārī, to speak.
(5) Coepi, I have begun ; ōdī, I hate; měmĭnī, I remember, are
conjugated only in the Perfect and the tenses derived
from it. Thus :-
Indic. Subj. Infin.
Соері, coepĕrim , coepisse
Odi, ōdĕrim , ōdissě
Měmini, měminĕrim , měmĭnissě.
Imper. Sing. měmentō. Plur. měmentōtě.
(6) The Imperatives :-Apăge, begone ; Avē, hail ; Cědě, cědítě,
give me; Agě, ǎgitě, come ; Salvē, salvětě, hail ; Vălē,
vălētě, farewell.
IMPERSONAL VERBS.
§ 80. Impersonal Verbs are conjugated only in the
Third Person Singular and in the Infinitive Mood.
Oportet, oportuit, oportere, it behoves.
Děcět, dĕcult, děcērě, it becomes.
Pigět, piguit (or pigĭtum est), pigērě, it vexes.
Půdět, půdult (or pŭditum est) , půdērě, it shames.
Paenĭtět, paenituit, paenitērě, it repents.
Libět, libuit (or libitum est), libere, it pleases.
Licět, licuit (or licitum est), licērě, it is allowed.
Misěrět, misĕritum est (or misertum est), misèrērě, it pities.
Taedět, pertaesum est, taedēre, it irks, disgusts, wearies.
Ningit, ninxit, ningěrě, it snows.
Pluit, pluft (or plūvit) , pluěrě, it rains.
Tonǎt, tonuit, tōnārĕ, it thunders.
Fulgurat, it lightens.
Gělat, it freezes.
Lūcescit, lucescere, it becomes light.
Vespĕrascit, vespĕrāvĭt, vespĕrascere, it grows dark.
The Persons are expressed thus :-
Poenitet me, it repents me, I repent.
So Poenitet te, eum, nos, vos, eos, you, he, we, you, they repent.
Poenitebit eum, it will repent him, he will repent, &c.
But Libet mihi, it pleases me.
Licet mihi, it is lawful for me, &c.
§ 81. FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX. 61ཙ

FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX.

§ 81. Syntax teaches how words are arranged into

sentences, and how sentences are combined together.
§ 82. Syntax is divided into Concord and Govern-
ment :
CONCORD treats of the agreement of words with each
other in Gender, Number, and Person.
GOVERNMENT is the influence exerted upon one word
by another on which it depends, in directing its Mood,
Tense, or Case.
§ 83. A Simple Sentence is the complete expression
of a single thought ; as-
Nox venit, the night cometh.
§ 84. A Sentence consists of its Subject and Predi-
cate.
The Subject is the person or thing about which
something is said ; as—
Nox, the night.
The Predicate is that which is spoken of the
Subject ; as-
Věnit, cometh.
§85. The Subject must be a Noun or some other
Part of Speech equivalent to a Noun ; as-
(a) Deus nos videt.
God sees us.
(b) Vos estis sal terrae.
Ye arethe salt ofthe earth.
$ 86. The Predicate may be a Verb, an Adjective,
or another Noun ; as-
(a) Scribae dicunt.
The Scribes say.
(b) Bona est lex.
The law is good.
(c) Spiritus est Deus.
God is a Spirit.
OBS.-When the Verb Sum is used to connect the Subject and Predi-
cate as in examples (b) and (c) above, it is called the COPULA.
62 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 87.

§ 87. Nouns or Pronouns in Apposition are put in

the same Case ; as-
Occidit autem Jacobum, fratrem Joannis gladio.
And he slew James, the brother ofJohn, with the sword.

CONCORD OR AGREEMENT.
§ 88. FIRST CONCORD. -A Verb agrees with its Sub-
ject or Nominative Case in Number and Person ; as—
Non vos me elegistis ; sed ego elēgi vos.
Ye have not chosen Me, but I have chosen you.
§ 89. Two or more Singular Nominatives connected
by a Conjunction, generally require a Verb in the
Plural ; as―
Petrus et Joannes ascendēbant in templum.
Peter and John went up into the temple.
§ 90. SECOND CONCORD. - Adjectives, Participles, and
Pronouns agree with their Nouns in Gender, Number,
and Case ; as—
(a) Ego sum pastor bonus.
I am the Good Shepherd.
(b) Tu es spes mea.
Thou art my hope.
(c) Melior est canis vivens, leōne mortuo.
Better is a living dog than a dead lion.
(d) Tu es Filius meus dilectus.
Thou art My beloved Son.
(e) Vos amici mei estis.
Ye are My friends.
§ 91. THIRD CONCORD. - The Relative agrees with
its Antecedent in Gender, Number, and Person ; as―
(a) Beati mortui qui in Domino moriuntur.
Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.
(b) Sunt alia multa, quae fecit Jesus.
There are many other things which Jesus did.

THE NOMINATIVE CASE.

§ 92. The Nominative Case is used to denote the
Subject of a sentence ; as-
Creavit Deus hominem.
God created man.
§ 93. FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX. 63

93. The Nominative of Personal Pronouns is

seldom expressed, except when emphasis is required ;
as-
Quia ego vivo ; et vos vivētis.
Because I live, ye shall live also.
§ 94. The Nominative is also used to describe the
Subject after Verbs signifying being, becoming, naming,
and the like ; as-
(a) Omnes filii unius viri sumus.
We are all one man's sons.
(b) Factus es populus Domini Dei tui.
Thou art become the people of the Lord thy God.
(c) Filius Altissimi vocabitur.
He shall be called the Son ofthe Highest.

THE GENITIVE CASE.

§ 95. The Genitive Case generally denotes the de-
pendence of a Noun or Pronoun upon another word,
usually a Noun or Adjective ; as—
(a) Ego sum panis vitae.
I am the bread of life.
(b) Et aperti sunt oculi amborum.
And the eyes of them both were opened.
§ 96. One Noun follows another in the Genitive to
denote the Possessor or that from which something
proceeds ; as-
(a) Domini est terra.
The earth is the Lord's.
(b) Hoc est donum Dei.
This is the gift ofGod.
§ 97. The Genitive is used to denote the whole from
which a part is taken. This is called the Partitive
Genitive.
(a) Tertia pars solis , et tertia pars lunae.
The third part of the sun, and the third part of the moon.
(b) Quorum primus ego sum.
Of whom I am chief.
(c) Quinque millia hominum.
Five thousand men.
64 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 98.

§ 98. Verbs signifying to pity, remember, and forget,

usually govern the Genitive ; as-
(a) Quomodo miseretur pater filiorum.
Like as a father pitieth his children.
(b) Memento creatōris tui.
Remember thy Creator.
(c) Obliti sunt Domini Dei sui.
Theyhave forgotten the Lord their God.
§ 99. The five Impersonal Verbs-miséret, it pitieth ;
poenitet, it repenteth ; pŭdet, it shames; taedet, it wearies;
and piget, it vexes, govern an Accusative of the Person,
and a Genitive of the Thing ; as—
(a) Miseret nos hominis.
We pity the man.
(b) Juravit Dominus, et non poenitēbit eum.
The Lord sware, and will not repent.
(c) Taedet me vitae meae.
I am weary of my life.
§ 100. Place where is put in the Genitive if it be the
name of a town and a Singular Noun of the First or
Second Declension ; as-
(a) In Ecclesia quae erat Antiochiae.
In the Church that was at Antioch
(b) Cum Apollos esset Corinthi.
When Apollos was at Corinth.
In all other cases in the Ablative without a
Preposition ; as-
(c) Paulus autem cum Athenis eos exspectaret.
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens.
(d) Omnibus sanctis qui sunt Philippis.
To all the saints which are at Philippi.

DATIVE CASE.
§ 101. The Dative generally denotes the Person or
Thing to or for which something is done ; as—
Aquam pedibus meis non dědisti.
Thou gavest Me no water for My feet.
§ 102. FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX. 65

§ 102. Many Verbs denoting advantage or disad-

vantage, such as those of giving, telling, pardoning,
hurting, pleasing, displeasing, persuading, believing,
commanding, obeying, resisting, envying, and the like,
are followed by a Dative ; as~~
(a) Da mihi hanc aquam.
Give me this water.
(b) Hic dicet tibi quid te oporteat făcere.
He shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do.
(c) Ignoscat mihi Dominus servo tuo.
The Lord pardon thy servant.
(d) Leōnes non nocuerunt mihi.
The lions have not hurt me.
(e) An quaero hominibus placēre ?
Do I seek to please men ?
(f) Ne forte videat Dominus, et displiceat ei.
Lest the Lord see it, and it displease him.
(g) Modo enim hominibus suadeo, an Deo ?
For do I now persuade men, or God ?
(h) Quare non credidistis ei ?
Why did ye not believe him?
(i) Quia et ventis et mari imperat, et obediunt ei.
For He commandeth even the winds and water, and
they obey Him.
(j) Resistite autem diabolo, et fugiet a vobis.
Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
(k) Invidebant ei igitur fratres sui,
And his brethren envied him.
$ 103. The compounds of Sum (except possum) are
followed by a Dative Case ; as—
(a) Unum tibi deest.
One thing thou lackest,
(b) Quid enim proderit homini ?
For what shall it profit a man ?
§ 104. Est and sunt with a Dative often imply
having ; as-
(a) Non sunt nobis plus quam quinque panes,
We have no more but five loaves.
(b) Quod tibi nomen est ?
What is thy name ?
(c) Legio mihi nomen est,
My name is Legion.
52
66 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 105.

§ 105. The Impersonal Verbs Hcet, it is lawful ;

ubet, it pleases ; and expedit, it is expedient, govern the
Dative ; as-
(a) Non licet tibi habēre uxorem fratris tui.
It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother's wife.
(b).Expedit vobis ut ego vadam .
It is expedient for you that I go away.

ACCUSATIVE CASE.

§ 106. The Accusative denotes the direct object of

an action.

§ 107. Transitive Verbs, whether Active or Deponent,

generally govern an Accusative Case ; as—
(a) Deus coelum et terram creavit.
God created the heaven and the earth.
(b) Magister, sequar te.
Master, I will follow Thee.
§ 108. Many Prepositions govern the Accusative
Case. (See § 75.)
§ 109. Four Prepositions govern the Accusative when
they denote motion. (See § 75. )
§ 110. Time, how long, is put in the Accusative ;
as-
Et mansit ibi duos dies.
And he abode there two days.

§ 111. Names of towns and small islands, with

domum, home, and rus, to the country, are put in the
Accusative without Prepositions after Verbs signifying
motion towards ; as-
(a) Ecce ascendimus Jerosolymam.
Behold, we go up to Jerusalem.
(b) Věni mecum domum.
Come home with me.
§ 112. FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX. 67

§ 112. The Accusative is also used after many

Prepositions signifying motion towards ; as-
Vadit ad monumentum, ut ploret ibi.
She goeth to the grave to weep there.
§ 113. Verbs of saying, knowing, and declaring are
followed by an Accusative with the Infinitive ; as-
(a) Quem dicunt homines esse Filium hominis ?
Whom do men say that I the Son of Man am ?
(b) Vos autem quem me esse dicitis ?
But whom say ye that I am ?

VOCATIVE CASE.

§ 114. The Vocative is used in addressing others.

§ 115. The Vocative may be used with or without
an Interjection ; as-
(a) O mucro Domini !
O thou sword ofthe Lord !
(b) Audite filii, disciplīnam patris.
Hear, ye children, the instruction ofa father.

ABLATIVE CASE.

116. The Ablative denotes the Cause, Manner,

Means, Instrument, Time, Place, and Accompanying
Circumstances .

§ 117. The thing with which is expressed by an

Ablative without a Preposition ; as-
(a) Lapidabunt te lapidibus.
They shall stone thee with stones.
(b) Juda, osculo Filium hominis tradis ?
Judas, betraycst thou the Son of Man with a kiss ?
68 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 118.

§ 118. The Person by whom is expressed by an

Ablative with the Preposition a or ab ; as—
Agebatur a Spiritu in desertum.
He was led bythe Spirit into the wilderness.
§ 119. Place where is expressed by an Ablative ;
as-
In domo Patris mei mansiones multae sunt.
In my Father's house are many mansions.
§ 120. Time when is expressed by an Ablative
without a Preposition ; as-
Mense secundo, septimo et vigesimo die mensis.
In the second month, on the seven-and- twentieth day of the month.
§ 121. Price is put in the Ablative ; as—
Vendiderunt eum Ismaelitis viginti argenteis.
They sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces ofsilver.
§ 122. Fungor, fruor, utor, vescor, govern an Ablative ;
as--
(a) Cum sacerdotio fungeretur.
When he executed the priest's office.
(b) Ut fruatur parte suā.
That he may enjoy his portion.
(c) Modico vino utĕre.
Use a little wine.
(d) Nisi panem quo vescebatur.
Save the bread which he did eat.
§ 123. Verbs or Adjectives denoting fulness or want,
often govern an Ablative ; as—
(a) Esurientes implevit bonis .
He hath filled the hungry with good things.
(b) Non egebunt lumine lucernae, neque lumine solis.
They (shall) need no candle, neither light ofthe sun.
(c) Musto pleni sunt isti .
These men arefull of new wine.
§ 124. The Adjectives dignus, worthy, and contentus,
contented, govern an Ablative ; as—
(a) Dignus est operarius mercede sua.
The labourer is worthy of his reward.
$ 125. FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX. 69

(b) Contenti estote stipendiis vestris.

Be content with your wages.

§ 125. The thing compared is put in the Ablative

after an Adjective in the Comparative Degree ; as—
(a) Non est servus major domino suo.
The servant is not greater than his lord.

But when the Comparative is followed by quam, the

objects compared are put in the same case ; as-
(b) Neque enim melior sum quam patres mei.
For I am not better than my fathers.

§ 126. The Ablative Absolute is a clause put in the

Ablative Case to express time and accompanying
circumstances, and consists of a Noun or Pronoun,
and an Adjective or Participle in agreement ; as-
(a) Acce tis autem quinque panibus, et duobus piscibus.
Then He took the five loaves and the two fishes.
(b) Navigantibus illis, obdormivit.
As they sailed, He fell asleep.

§ 127. Many Prepositions govern the Ablative.

(See § 75.)

ADJECTIVES .

§ 128. Adjectives are often used without Nouns in

the Masculine Gender to denote Persons, and in the
Neuter Gender to denote Things ; as—
(a) Omnes scient me.
All shall know me.
(b) Bene omnia fecit.
He hath done all things well.
(c) Omnia mea tua sunt.
All that I have is thine.
70 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. § 129.

VERBS.
1. INDICATIVE MOOD.

§ 129. The Indicative states as a fact, or asks a

question ; as-
(a) Lacrymatus est Jesus.
Jesus wept.
(b) Ubi posuistis eum ?
Where have ye laid him ?
§ 130. The Present Tense is used of that which is
now taking place ; as-
Ecce somniator věnit.
Behold the dreamer cometh.
§ 131. The Imperfect Tense is used of that which
was going on at the time named, or was wont to be
done ; as-
Edēbant, et bibēbant ; emēbant et vendebant.
They did eat, they drank ; they bought, they sold.
§ 132. The Perfect Tense speaks of a past action ;
as-
Quis me tetigit ?
Who touched me?

§ 133. The Pluperfect Tense shows that something

had taken place at the time spoken of ; as—
In quo posuit hominem quem formaverat.
And there He put the man whom He had formed.
§ 134. The Future Tense shows that something will
take place in time to come ; as-
Resurget frater tuus.
Thy brother shall rise again.
§ 135. The Future Perfect Tense is used of that
which will have taken place by the time named ; as—
(a) Cum venerit Filius hominis in majestate suā.
When the Son of Man shall ( have) come in His glory.
§ 136. FIRST RULES OF SYNTAX. 71

The Future Perfect is sometimes translated by an

English present ; as-
(b) Si ascendero in coelum, tu illic es.
IfI ascend up into heaven Thou art there.
2. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
§ 136. The Subjunctive Mood represents a state or
action not as a fact, like the Indicative, but merely as
a conception of the mind. Hence, it is used to indicate
a supposition, doubt or uncertainty, a wish or purpose,
a possibility, and even a permission ; as—
(a) Si quo minus, dixissem vobis.
Ifit were not so, I would have told you.
(b) Sustulerunt lapides Judaei, ut lapidarent eum.
Then the Jews took up stones to stone Him.
(c) Cogitabat qualis esset ista salutatio.
She cast in her mind what manner ofsalutation this should be.
§ 137. The Subjunctive Present is often used as an
Imperative, and takes ne for not ; as—
(a) Manducēmus et bibāmus.
Let us eat and drink.
(b) Ne timeas, Zacharia.
Fear not, Zacharias.
(c) Tollat crucem suam, et sequatur me.
Let him take up his cross and follow Me.
3. IMPERATIVE MOOD.

§ 138. The Imperative Mood commands or entreats;

as-
(a) Tollite lapidem.
Take away the stone.
(b) Laudate Dominum.
Praise ye the Lord.
4. INFINITIVE MOOD.
§ 139. When two Verbs come together the latter is
found in the Infinitive Mood ; as-
Solvite eum, et sinĭte abire,
Loose him, and let him go.
72 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE. $ 140.

PARTICIPLES.

§ 140. Active Participles govern the same Case as

the Verb to which they belong ; as—
(a) Et reversi sunt pastōres glorificantes et laudantes Deum
And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God.
(b) Credens omnibus quae in lege et prophetis scripta sunt.
Believing all things which are written in the law and the
prophets,

§ 141. Participles are often construed by Verbs ;

as-
Et surgens, venit ad patrem suum.
And he arose, and came to hisfather.

§ 142. Participles may be construed by Verbs with

" when " ; as—
Ingressus in templum Domini.
When he went into the temple of the Lord.
PART II . -DELECTUS .
 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Part II. DELECTUS.

66 Quaesivit verba utilia." -ECCLES. XII., 10.

៩។៩

masculine. conj. conjunction.

f. feminine. interj. interjection.
neuter. comp. adj. adjective in the com-
C. common. parative degree.
pl. plural. sup. adj. adjective in the super-
adv. adverb. lative degree.
prep. preposition. num. adj. numeral adjective.
OBS.-The numerals after the Nouns and Verbs show to what
Declension and Conjugation they belong. The Genitive endings
of the Nouns, and the Nominative Singular in each Gender of
the Pronouns and Adjectives are given, together with the
principal parts of the Verbs ; § refers to the Grammar, where
the forms are given in full. The meanings of the words given
in the vocabularies are those appropriate to the exercise, and are
not always the most usual and general significations.

EXERCISE I.
Agreement of the Adjective with its Noun. §§ 1—20,
and 90.
Alt-us, a, um, high. mür-us, i, 2, m. , a wall.
bon-us, a, um, good. nomen, nomin-is, 3, n. , a name.
brěv-is, e, short. omn-is, e, all.
dilect-us, a, um, beloved, pastor, pastor-is, 3, m., a shepherd.
fill-us, i, 2, m., a son. pater, patr-is, 3, m. , a father.
frater, fratris, 3, m., a brother. potens, potent-is, powerful.
homo, homin-is, 3, m., a man. săcer, sacr-a, sacr-um, sacred.
labor, labor-is, 3, m., labour. sapiens, sapient-is, wise.
lex, leg-is, 3, f. , a law. stult-us. a, um, foolish.
măl-us, a, um, bad. templ-um, i, 2, n., a temple.
mater, matr-is, 3, f., a mother. vin-um, i, 2, n., wine.
mendax, mendac-is, deceitful. vir, viri, m., a man. § 16.
vit-a, ae, 1, f., life.
76 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

1. Pater bonus. 2. Mater bona. 3. Bonum vinum.

4. Bonus frater. 5. Vita brevis. 6. Vir bonus. 7. Frater
malus. 8. Nomen bonum. 9. Vir mendax. 10. Filius
sapiens. 11. Viri potentes. 12. Pueri stulti. 13. Stultus
homo. 14. Omnis labor.
15. Templum sacrum. 16. Alti muri. 17. Pastor
bonus. 18. Filius dilectus. 19. Bona lex. 20. Breves
leges. 21. Pastores mali. 22. Omne templum. 23. Boni
homines. 24. Stulti pastores. 25. Omnia nomina. 26.
Lex brevis. 27. Omnia templa sacra. 28. Omnes boni
pastores. 29. Omnes bonae matres.

EXERCISE II.
Agreement of the Adjective with its Noun- continued.
Alb-us, a, um, white. miles, milit-is, 3, m ., a soldier.
angel-us, i, 2, m., an angel. mons, mont-is, 3, m., a mountain.
ǎnimal, animal-is, 3, n., an animal. mulier, můliĕr-is, 3,f., a woman.
ǎqu-a, ae, 1, f., water. mult-us, a, um, much, many.
ěpistol-a, ae, 1, f., a letter. niger, nigr-a, nigr-um, black.
equ-us, i, 2, m. , a horse. Ŏcŭl-us, i, 2, m., an eye.
excels-us, a, um, high. Ŏpus, opěr-is, 3, n., a work.
fili-a, ae, 1, f., a daughter. parv-us, a, um, small.
fort-is, e, brave. profund-us, a, um, deep.
liber, libr-i, 2, m., a book. puell-a, ae, 1, f. , a girl.
loc-us, i, 2, m. , a place. puer, puer-i, 2, m., a boy.
long-us, a, um, long. pur-us, a, um, pure.
magn-us, a, um, great, large. rex, rēg-is, 3, m., a king.
mendax, mendac-is, false. tempus, tempor-is, 3, n., time.
mens-a, ae, 1, f., a table. test-is, test-is, 3, c., a witness.
via, viae, 1, f., a way.
1. Epistola longa. 2. Boni libri. 3. Magnus liber. 4.
Multa animalia. 5. Mensa longa. 6. Murus longus. 7.
Parva puella. 8. Puellae bonae. 9. Mare profundum.
10. Bonum opus. 11. Magnum opus. 12. Montes excelsi.
13. Equus albus. 14. Equi nigri. 15. Pueri sapientes.
16. Omnis oculus.
17. Omnis locus. 18. Aqua profunda. 19. Bona mulier.
20. Omnes angeli. 21. Tempus breve. 22. Testis mendax.
23. Aqua pura. 24. Multi nigri equi. 25. Reges potentes.
26. Filia bona. 27. Via longa. 28. Miles fortis. 29.
Omnes milites fortes. 30. Omnes bonae mulieres. 31.
Omnis filia bona. 32. Omnia bona opera.
 DELECTUS. 77

EXERCISE III.
Comparison of Adjectives. §§ 21—3.
Arbor, arbor-is, 3, f., a tree. miser, miser-a, miser-um, wretched.
bell-um, i, 2, n., war. optim-us, a, um, sup. adj ., bext. $22.
difficil-is, e, difficult. pessim-us, a, um,sup. adj. , worst. §22
doct-us, a, um, learned. popul-us, i, 2, m., people.
făcil-is, e, easy. pulcher, chra, chrum, beautiful.
infelix, infelic-is, unhappy. út l-is, e, useful.
1. Mons altissimus.¹ 2. Vir doctissimus. 3. Bellum
longum. 4. Equi nigriores. 5. Equus utilior. 6. Mater
infelicior. 7. Homines doctiores. 8. Murus altior. 9.
Pueri sapientiores. 10. Labores facillimi. 11. Via facil-
lima. 12. Equi nigerrimi. 13. Optima puella. 14. Optimi
pueri.
15. Viri potentiores. 16. Populus potentissimus. 17.
Mulieres miserrimae. 18. Via longissima. 19. Miles
fortissimus. 20. Pueri pessimi. 21. Arbores altissimae.
22. Murus longissimus. 23. Mensae longiores. 24. Via
brevior. 25. Pulcherrima animalia. 26. Opus difficillimum.
27. Multa opera difficillima. 28. Omnes optimae puellae.
29. Omnes montes altissimi.
1 Mons altissimus may be translated, the highest mountain, or, a very
high mountain ; vir doctissimus, the most learned man, or, a very
learned man.

EXERCISE IV.
Numerals. §§ 24, 25.
Corn-us, ús, 4, n., a horn. ros-a, ae, 1, f., a rose.
corpus, corpor-is, 3, n. , a body. scrib-a, ae, 1, m., a scribe.
dies, diei, 5, m. orf. , a day. § 15. septem, seven.
dão, dŭ-ae, dŭ-o, two. spirit-us, ús, 4, m., a spirit.
hort-us, i, 2, m., a garden. stell-a, ae, 1, f., a star.
măgister, măgistr-i, 2, m., a master. três, tria, three. § 25.
nox, noct-is, 3, f., night. un-us, a, um, one. § 25.
pars, part-is, 3, f., a part.
1. Unus magister. 2. Una nox. 3. Unum nomen.
4. Duo dies. 5. Duae matres. 6. Duo cornua. 7. Tres
dentes. 8. Tres partes. 9. Tria corpora, 10. Trecenti
horti. 11. Sexcentae rosae. 12. Quadringenta templa.
13. Septem spiritus. 14. Septem stellae.
78 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

15. Quattuor animalia. 16. Quattuor angeli. 17.

Tertium animal. 18. Primus angelus . 19. Secundus
angelus. 20. Tertia pars. 21. Dies tres. 22. Quinque
millia. 23. Primus homo. 24. Decem pueri. 25. Una
mensa. 26. Secunda puella. 27. Dies sextus. 28. Unus
scriba.

EXERCISE V.
Pronouns. §§ 26-32.
Ali-us, a, ud, another. § 32. quidam, quaedam, quoddam, ɑ
amic-us, i, 2, m., a friend. certain. § 32.
Děus, Dei, God. § 16. sign-um, 2, n., a sign.
domus, ūs, f., a house. § 16. spes, spēi, 5, f., hope.
dōn-um, i, 2, n. , a gift. su-us, a, um, his, hers, its. § 28.
gens, gent-is, 3, f., people. tot-us, a, um, the whole. § 32.
hic, haec, ho , this. § 29. tu-us, a, um, thy.
ille, illa, illud, that. § 29. urbs, urb-is, 3, f., a city.
iste, ista, istud, that. § 29. uterque, utraque, utrumque, each.
me-us, a, um, my. § 28. verb-um, i, 2, n., a word.
mund-us, i, 2, m. , the world. vester, vestr-a, vestr-um, your. § 28.
noster, nostr-a, nostr-um, our. § 28. vox, võc-is, 3, f., a voice.
praemi-um, i, 2, n., reward.
1. Pater meus. 2. Pater noster bonus. 3. Mater mea.
4. Mater tua bona. 5. Liber meus. 6. Pater vester. 7.
Magister noster. 8. Mater nostra. 9. Vox sua. 10.
Corpus suum . 11. Praemium tuum. 12. Hic labor. 13.
Hoc opus. 14. Corpus meum. 15. Haec verba. 16.
Hoc signum.
17. Opera tua. 18. Labor vester. 19. Fratres mei.
20. Hoc donum . 21. Deus meus. 22. Spes mea. 23.
Amici mei. 24. Isti homines . 25. Alius angelus. 26.
Domus mea. 27. Quidam homo. 28. Quaedam mulieres.
29. Epistola mea longa. 30. Filia nostra parva. 31. Illud
vinum bonum.
32. Haec mala mulier. 33. Hic amicus bonus. 34. Hi
homines fortes. 35. Haec gens. 36. Donum meum. 37.
Hi omnes . 38. Hoc praemium. 39. Hae leges. 40. Hi
montes excelsi. 41. Hi montes altissimi. 42. Mundus
totus. 43. Utraque puella. 44. Tota urbs. 45. Omne
verbum. 46. Quidam vir. 47. Omnia mea tua sunt.¹
1 See § 128 (c), literally, all my (things) are thy (things).
 DELECTUS. 79

EXERCISE VI.

The Genitive Case. §§ 95-97.

Agn-us, i, 2, m., a lamb. Ŏvis, Ŏvis, 3, f., a sheep.

călor, călōr-is, 3, m., heat. pān-is, pān-is, 3, m ., bread.
Christ-us, i, 2, m., Christ. parens, parent-is, 3, c. , a parent.
corōn-a, ae, 1, f., a crown. port-a, ae, 1, f., a gate.
creator, ōris, 3, m., the creator. prim-us, a, um, first, chief.
curr-us, ús, 4, m., a chariot. rota, ae, 1, f. , a wheel.
Domin-us, i, 2, m. , the Lord. Salvator, ōris, 3, m., The Saviour.
grex, greg-is, 3, m., a flock. sanguis, Inis, 3, m ., blood.
Initi-um, i, 2, n., a beginning. săpienti-a, ae, 1, f. , wisdom.
Judae-i, orum, 2, m. pl., the Jews. sōl, sōl-is, 3, m., the sun.
lun-a ae, 1, f., the moon, terra, ae, 1, f., the earth.
lux, luc-is , 3, f., light. timor, ōris, 3, m., fear.
măn-us, ūs, 4, f., a hand . urbs, urb-is, 3, f. , a city.
mucro, ōnis, 3, m ., a sword. virtus, utis, 3, f., virtue.

1. Lux mundi. 2. Timor Domini . 3. Initium sapientiae.

4. REX JUDAEORUM. 5. Filius Dei. 6. Filius hominis.
7. Nomen Domini. 8. Angeli Dei. 9. Sanguis Jesu¹
Christi. 10. Panis vitae. 11. Salvator mundi. 12. Ovium
greges. 13. Oculi Domini. 14. Fratres hominis hujus.
15. Verbum Dei.
16. Agnus Dei. 17. Filius amici mei. 18. Parentes
hujus puellae. 19. Equus filii tui. 20. Manus filiorum
meorum. 21. Libri puerorum horum. 22. Horti ami-
corum nostrorum . 23. Pars vitae.2 24. Oculi magistr-
1 orum . 25. Lux solis. 26. Calor solis. 27. Libri magistr-
orum. 28. Vox filiae. 29. Creator mundi. 30. Domus
patris.
31. Nomen regis. 32. Rotae curruum. 33. Urbis porta.
34. Praemium virtutis. 35. Templum Domini. 36. Aqua
vitae. 37. Magnus numerus militum. 38. Quattuor
millia hominum.3 39. Hujus hominis filia. 40. Corona
vitae. 41. Domini est terra. 42. Hoc est donum Dei.5
43. Tertia pars solis, et tertia pars lunae. 44. Quorum
primus ego sum.7 45. O mucro Domini. 8
See § 14 note, 2 § 97. 3 § 25, note 3, and § 97. * See § 96, a.
• See § 96, b. • See § 97, a. 7 See § 97, b. 8 See § 115, a.
80 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE VII.
The Verb Sum. §§ 33-41.
Agricol-a, ae, 1 , m., a husbandman. mortal-is, e, mortal.
cert-us, a, um, certain. sal, sălis, m. and n., salt.
dulc-is, e, sweet. somn-us, i, 2, m., sleep.
et, conj., and. vēritas, ātis, 3, f. , truth.
incert-us, a, um, uncertain. ver-us, a, um, true.
mansi-o, önis, 3 f. , a mansion. vit-is, is, 3, f. , a vine.
1. Homo sum.¹ 2. Rex est bonus. 3. Via longa est.
4. Vita brevis est. 5. Ego sum pastor bonus.2 6. Bona
est lex.3 7. Mors est certa. 8. Tempus incertum est. 9.
Non ego sum pastor. 10. Spiritus est Deus.* 11. Vos
amici mei estis.5 12. Ego sum panis vitae
13. Dulcis est somnus . 14. Hic liber est meus. 15.
Deus est creator mundi. 16. Tu es spes mea.7 17. Vos
estis lux mundi. 18. Vos estis sal terrae.8 19. Ego sum
via, et veritas, et vita. 20. Tu es Filius meus dilectus.'
21. Tempus breve est. 22. Ego sum vitis vera, et Pater
meus agricola est. 23. Deus meus es tu. 24. HIC EST
JESUS REX JUDAEORUM. 25. In domo Patris mei man-
siones multae sunt.10
1 Rule § 86, note. 2 See § 90, a. 3 See § 86, b. + See § 86, c. 6 See
§ 90 e. 6 See § 95, a. 7 See § 90 b. 8 See § 85, b. • See § 90, d 10 See
§ 119.

EXERCISE VIII.
The Verb Sum-continued.
Antiochi-a, ae, Antioch. impi-us, a, um, wicked.
beat-us, a, um, happy. palm-es, Itis, 3, m., a branch.
caritas, atis, 3, f., love. pax, pac-is, 3, f., peace.
Ecclesi-a, ae, 1, f., the Church. splendid-us, a, um, splendid.
explorator, ōris, 3, m., a spy. ubi? adv., where?
honor, ōris, 3, m., honour. viv-us, a, um, living.
1. Tu es Christus Filius Dei vivi.¹ 2. Homo es. 3. Ego
sum vitis, vos palmites. 4. Quis est iste Filius hominis ?
5. Initium sapientiae (est) timor Domini. 6. Ubi est ille ?
7. Omnes filii unius viri sumus.2 8. Exploratores estis.
9. Non est pax impiis. 10. Dei estis. 11. Deus caritas
est. 12. Non est haec via. 13. Tuus amicus ero. 14.
Esto diligens. 15. Este boni pueri.
 DELECTUS. 81

16 Tempus erat. 17. Milites fortes sunt. 18. Milites

fortes sunt, boni sunto. 19. Cujus filius es tu ? 20.
Omnes boni beati sunt.3 21. Homines mortales sunt.
22. Liber est utilis. 23. Opus est utile. 24. Templum
est splendidum. 25. Via est facilis. 26. Honor est
praemium virtutis. 27. Haec nostra vita est brevissima.
28. Ubi es ?4 29. Ubi est frater tuus ? 30. In Ecclesia
quae erat Antiochiae.5 31. Cum Apollos esset Corinthi."
1 Rule § 87. 2 See § 94, a. 3 See § 128. 4 See § 129, b. 5 See $
100, a. See § 100, b, cum when, governs the Subjunctive Mood.
Corinth-us, i., 2 m. Corinth .

EXERCISE IX.
The First Conjugation, Active Voice. §§ 42, 43.
Adōr-o, āvi, atum, āre, 1, to wor- mens-is, is, 3, m., a month.
ship. naut-a, ae, 1, m., a sailor.
aedific-o, avi, atum, are, 1 , to build. navig-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to sail.
åger, agr-i, 2, m. , afield. or-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to pray.
ambŭl-o, avi, atum, are 1, to walk. pugn-o, avi, atum, are, to fight.
ăm-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to love. quis, quae, quid (quod), who, which,
ar-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to plough. what.
av-is, av-is, 3, f., a bird. secund-us, a, um, second.
cant-o, avi, atum, are, 1 , to sing. sed, conj., but.
clam-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to cryout. semper, adv., always.
di-es, ei, 5, a day. See § 15. septim-us, a, um, seventh.
d-o, dědi, dătum, dăre, 1, to give. vent-us, i, 2, m., the wind.
fl-o, flavi, flatum, flare, 1, to blow. vigesim-us, a, um, twentieth.
in, prep. with abĺ., in. virg-o, Inis, 3, f., a virgin.
intro, avi, atum, are, to enter. voc-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to call,
jur-o, avi, atum, are, to swear. vol-o, avi, atum, are, 1, tofly.
laud-o, avi, atum, āre, 1, to praise.
1. Pater amat Filium.¹ 2. Agricola arat. 3. Avis
volat. 4. Amamus Deum. 5. Vocat te. 6. Aedificat
domum. 7. Puer jurat. 8. Magister bonos pueros laudat.
9. Boni pueri semper orant. 10. Laudamus te. 11.
Adoramus te. 12. Adoramus Deum.
13. Magistri eum amant. 14. Omnes clamant. 15.
Amicos meos amo. 16. Amicos nostros amamus. 17. Te
amo. 18. Puellae cantabant. 19. Virgines cantant. 20.
Mater filium laudabat. 21. Deus omnes amat ; sed non
omnes Deum amant. 22. Mater laudabat filias. 23. Deus
dat vitam. 24. Pater librum dat puero.
F
82 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

25. Milites urbem intrant. 26. Domos in urbe aedifi-

cabant. 27. Nauta navigat. 28. Ventus flabat. 29.
Avis in arbore cantabat. 30. Quis nos vocat ? 31. Milites
pugnabant. 32. Libros dant magistro.3 33. Agricolae
agros arant. 34. Jesus ambulabat in templo. 35. Agri-
colae ambulabant in hortis. 36. Mense secundo, septimo
et vigesimo die mensis.
1 Rule, § 107. 2 Rule § 119. 3 Rule § 101. * See § 120.

EXERCISE X.

The First Conjugation, Active Voice-continued.

Arēn-a, ae, 1, f. , sand. judic-o, avi, atum are, 1, to judge.
coel-um, i, 2, n., heaven. pecc-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to sin.
cōram, prep. with abl , before. per, prep. with acc., through.
cre-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to create. praeceptor, oris, 3, m., a teacher.
err-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to err. quia, conj. , because.
in, prep. with acc. , against. recte, adv., rightly.
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, himself, herself, sper-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to hope.
itself. stult-us, a, um, joolish,
super, prep. with acc., upon.
1. Aedificavi domum. 2. Amabo te. 3. Creavit Deus
hominem. 4. Deus nos creavit. 5. Deus coelum et terram
creavit. 6. Puer juraverat. 7. Agricolae arabunt agros.
8. Judicabit Dominus populum suum. 9. Ipse Pater amat
vos, quia vos me amastis.¹ 10. Omnes peccavērunt. 11 .
Erravimus. 12. Magister pueros vocaverit.
13. Puer peccaverat. 14. Virgines cantabunt . 15.
Semper amavi praeceptores meos. 16. Dominus juravit.
17. Pater, peccavi in coelum et coram te. 18. Arabo.
19. Recte judicasti.¹ 20. Flavĕre venti.3 21. Stultus
aedificavit domum suam super arenam. 22. Speravi. 23.
Quis malos pueros amabit ? 24. Per urbem ambulavit .
25. Aquam pedibus meis non dedisti.4
1 See § 60. 2 § 75. 3 § 61. * § 101.
 DELECTUS. 883
EXERCISE XI.
The First Conjugation, Active Voice-continued.
Ergo, conj., therefore. sanct-us, a, um, holy; sanct-i, orum ,
exspecto, avi, atum, are, 1, to wait. pl., the saints.
honōr-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to sine, prep. with abl. , without.
honour. ut, conj., that.
intermissio, onis, 3, f., ceasing. vigil-o, avi, atum , are, 1, to watch.
pro, prep. with abl. , for.
1. Oremus. 2. Amemus Deum. 3. Aedificemus domum.
4. Amato patrem et matrem. 5. Araturus est. 6. Vigilate
ergo. 7. Vigilate et orate. 8. Honora patrem tuum et
matrem tuam. 9. Sine intermissione orate. 10. Fratres ,
orate pro nobis. 11. Et adorent eum angeli Dei omnes.
12. Milites pugnavissent. 13. Puer arato. 14. Laudate
nomen Domini. 15. Agros araturus. 16. Arans. 17.
Vigilans. 18. Lauda Dominum. 19. Agricolae aranto.
20. Ut ambularent per urbem. 21. Ama parentes. 22.
Orantes et cantantes. 23. Orare et cantare. 24. Vigilare
et orare.
25. Laudans Deum.¹ 26. Vocate agricolas. 27. O pueri !
amate preceptores. 28. O mi amici, amatote Deum. 29.
Amare Deum. 30. Agrum arare. 31. Laudare Dominum.
32. Aravisse agros . 33. Orare pro parentibus. 34. Orare
pro omnibus. 35. Paulus autem cum Athenis eos exspect-
aret. 36. Omnibus sanctis qui sunt Philippis.3
Rule § 140. 2 See § 100 c, Athen-ae, arum, 1, pl. , Athens. 3 Sea
§ 100 d.

EXERCISE XII.
The Second Conjugation, Active Voice. §§ 44, 45.
Aut, conj., or. pān-is, pan-is, 3, m., a loaf.
autem, conj., but, and. pauc-us, a, um, few.
běāt-us, a, um, blessed. pauper, pauper-is, poor.
caec-us, a, um, blind. piscicul-us, i, 2, m., a littlefish.
doc-čo, docui, doctum, docere, 2, to qui, quae, quod, who, which.
teach. quot? how many?
ěnim, conj., for. sed etiam, but also.
fōve-a, ae, 1, f., a hole. septem, num. adj ., seven.
hǎb-eo, ui, Itum, ere, 2, to have. tim-eo, ui, ere, 2, tofear.
luc-eo, luxi, lucere, 2, to shine. vělut, adv., as.
mors, mort-is, 3, f., death. video, vidi, visum, vidēre, 2, to see.
nīd-us. i, 2 m., a nest. volucris, is, 3, f., a bird.
non, adv., not. vulpes, is, 3,f. , afox.
non solum, not only.
81 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

1. Magister docet. 2. Magistri docent. 3. Et lux lucet.

4. Magister pueros docebant. 5. Deus nos videt. 6. Sol
lucet. 7. Tune¹ times mortem ? 8. Vos videtis. 9.
Librum habeo. 10. Beati omnes qui timent Dominum.
11. Qui Deum timet, homines non timet. 12. Qui habet
Filium habet vitam : qui non habet Filium, non habet
vitam. 13. Pauperes enim semper habetis vobiscum ; me
autem non semper habetis.
14. Quot habetis panes ? Septem et paucos pisciculos.
15. Vulpes foveas habent, et volucres coeli nidos ( abent).
16. Pater filiam suam docebat. 17. Jesus docet. 18.
Mortem semper timebat. 19. Aves nidos habent. 20.
Caeci non vident. 21. Agricolae agros habent. 22. Reges
hortos habent. 23. Non solum domum sed etiam agros
habemus. 24. Video homines velut arbores ambulantes,
25. Habetisne¹ patrem aut fratrem ? 26. Alias oves
habeo.
1 The particle ne joined on to the first word of a sentence is not to be
translated, but is used to show tnat a question is asked ; as, Tune times
mortem ? Dost thou fear death?

EXERCISE XIII.
The Second Conjugation, Active Voice -continued.
Eg-eo, ui, 2, to be in need ofanything. man-eo, man-si, mans-um, ēre, 2,
fic-us, us, 4, f., afig-tree. to remain.
hydri-a, ae, 1, f., a water-pot. mon-eo, ui, Itum, ere, 2, to advise.
impl-eo, evi, ētum, ere, 2, tofill. nemo, nemin-is, 3, c. , no one.
leo, onis, 3, m., a lion. neque, conj., neither.
lucern-a, ae, 1, f., a candle. noc-eo, ui, ĭtum, ere, 2, to hurt.
lumen, lumin-is, 3, n. , light, sub, prep. with abl., under.
unquam, adv., at any time.
1. Pater docuit filium. 2. Preceptores pueros monu-
erunt. 3. Vidi te. 4. Et ego vidi. 5. Vidi te sub ficu.
6. Videbit eum omnis oculus. 7. Ego videbo filium meum.
8. Dominum vidimus. 9. Deum nemo vidit unquam .
10. Rex urbem videbit. 11. Solem vidisti. 12. Ili
pueros monuēre (monuerunt),¹ ego preceptores monebo.
13. Mulier implevit hydrias aquā. 14. Magistrumne²
vidisti ? 15. Leones non nocuerunt mihi.3 16. Et mansit
 DELECTUS. 85

ibi duos dies. 17. Non egebunt lumine lucernae, neque

lumine solis.5
1 See § 61. 2 See Exercise XII., note. See § 102, d. • See § 110
• See § 123, b.

EXERCISE XIV.
The Second Conjugation, Active Voice-continued.
Ars, art-is, 3, f. , art. deb-eo, deb-ui, deb-Itum, deb- ĕre,
2, I ought.
tăc-eo, ui, Itum, ere, 2, to be silent.
1. Time Dominum. 2. Deum timete. 3. Doceamus
hos pueros. 4. Mone puerum. 5. Quis has malas puellas
docuisset ? 6. Doce me. 7. Omnes homines mortales
sunt ; ergo omnes mortem timere debent. 8. Ars docendi
difficilis est. 9. Ars navigandi difficilis est. 10. Implete
hydrias aqua. 11. Et impleverunt eas. 12. Time
Dominum, fili mi, et regem.¹ 13. Doceamus hos pueros.
14. Docete puellas. 15. Pueri bonos libros habeant. 16.
Tacete, O pueri. 17. Amare Deum debemus. 18. Magistri
monere pueros debent. 19. Timens, monens , docens.
20. Monuisse puellas.
1 The Vocative Singular of meus is mi, and of filius, fili ; see § 28, note

EXERCISE XV.
The Third Conjugation, Active Voice. $$ 46, 47.
Ad, prep. with acc. , to. leg-o, leg-i, lect-um, lěg-ĕre, 3, to
bib-o, bib-i, bib-ĭtum, bib-ĕre, 3, read.
to drink. lūd-o, lús-i, lûs-um, lūd-ĕre, 3, to
cresc-o, crev-i, crēt-um, cresc-ĕre, play.
3, to grow. mitt-o, mis-i, miss-um, mitt-ĕre,
curr-o, cucurr-i, curs-um, curr-ĕre, 3, to send.
3, to run. nec-nec, neither-nor.
dic-o, dix-i, dict-um, dic-ĕre, 3, to pasc-o, pav-i, past-um, pasc-ĕre, 3,
say. tofeed.
dilig-o, dilex-i, dilect-um, dilig-ĕre, per, prep. with acc. , through.
3, to love. reg-o, rex-i, rect-um, rěg-ére, 3, to
disc-o, didic-i, disc-ère, 3, rule.
to learn. scrib-o, scrips-i, script-um, scrib-
ecce, conj., behold. ĕre, 3, to write.
ego, I. § 27. se, himself. § 27.
flŭ-o, flux-i, flux-um, flu-ĕre, 3, silv-a, ae, 1, f. , a wood.
tofloo. soror, sorōr-is, 3, f., a sister.
in, prep., with abl., upon ; with vād-o, vās-i, vās-um, vad-ĕre, 3,
acc., into. to go.
vinc-o, vic-i, vict-um, vinc-ere, 3, to conquer.
86 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

1. Puer légit . 2. Puella scribit epistolam. 3. Soror

ludit. 4. Ego curro. 5. Arbor crescit. 6. Agricola
pascit oves et boves. 7. Vado ad Patrem. 8. Labor omnia
vincit. 9. Puer currebat. 10. Quid dicis ? 11. Magister
dicit. 12. Equus currit. 13. Pueri discunt. 14. Milites
in urbem currunt.¹ 15. Deus regit mundum.
16. Nec scribit, nec legit. 17. Fratres tui pascunt
oves. 18. Aqua fluit. 19. Fortis est qui se vincit. 20.
Soror fratrem diligit. 21. Equi currunt per silvas et
agros. 22. Arbores crescunt. 23. Ecce ego mitto angelum
meum . 24. Dominus regit. 25. Vos bibitis vinum : nos
aquam bibimus. 26. Pueri pascebant oves in montibus.
27. Magister puerum mittit. 28. Magistri vinum bibunt.
29. Puellae bibunt aquam. 30. Pastores in urbem vadunt.
31. Scribae dicunt. 32. Quem dicunt homines esse Filium
hominis ? 2
1 See § 112. 2 See § 113, a.

EXERCISE XVI.
The Third Conjugation, Active Voice-continued.
Cred-o, credi 1-i, credit-um, crē l -ére, manduc-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to eat.
3, to believe. nunc, adv. , now.
discipul-us, i, 2, m., a pupil. Pilāt-us, i, 2, m., Pilate.
duc-o, dux-i, duct-um, duc-ĕre, 3, quo, adv., whither.
to lead. resurg-o, resurrex-i, resurrect-um,
ēlīg-o, ēlēg-i, elect-um, ēlig-ĕre, 3, resurg-ěr , 3, to rise again.
to choose. sed, conj., but.
ex, prep. with abl , (out) of. sicut, adv., like.
hodie, adv., to-day. tang-o, tětig-i, tact-um, tang-ĕre,
i: terrog-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to ask. 3, to touch.
1. Lēgi tuas epistolas. 2. Magistri dixerunt. 3. Puer
longam epistolam scribet. 4. Has epistolas scripsi. 5. Et
nunc vado ad eum qui misit me ; et nemo ex vobis inter-
rogat me : Quo vadis ? 6. Qui videt me, videt eum qui
misit me. 7. Resurget frater tuus.¹ 8. Et duxerunt
illum ad Pilatum. 9. Ego pascam oves meas. 10. Sicut
pastor gregem suum pascet. 11. Non vos me elegistis ;
sed ego elegi vos.2 12. Filium meum mittam.
 DELECTUS. 87

13. Dominus misit me ad te. 14. Quid manducabimus,

quid bibemus ? 15. Quis me tetigit ?3 16. Hanc epistolam
mea manu scripsi. 17. Hunc librum legi. 18. Puer discet.
19. Discipulus epistolam sua manu scripserat. 20. Pueri
dixerunt. 21. Hodie epistolam scripsi. 22. Epistolas
lēgi quas scripsisti.* 23. Panem manducaverant. 24.
Aquam biberant. 25. Vinum bibent. 26. Ego vēni ut
vitam habeant.
1 See § 134. 2 See § 88. 3 See § 132. 4 See § 91.

EXERCISE XVII.

The Third Conjugation, Active Voice-continued.

Ascend-o, ascend-i, ascens-um, as- honorific-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to
cend-ĕre, 3, to ascend. honour.
běne, adv., well. ignosc-o, nov-i, nōt-um, nosc-ère,
bis, adv , twice. 3, to pardon.
content-us, a, um, content. illic, adv. , there.
crucifig-o crucifix-i, crucifix-um, Inimic-us, i, 2, m. , an enemy.
crucifig-ĕre, 3, to crucify. ĭtěrum, adv., again.
cup-io, īvi and ii, îtum, ĕre, 3, to măgis, adv., more.
desire. § 69. oscul-um, i, 2, n., a kiss.
da, give, imp. 2 s. of do. parv-us, a, um, little.
dic, tell, say, imp. 2 s. of dico. § 69 Petr-us, i, 2, m., Peter.
(Obs. ). quam, adv., than.
diligens, ntis, loving, pres . part. of scriptur-us, a, um, about to write,
diligo. fut. part. of scribo.
discípul-us, i, 2, m ., a disciple. surg-o, surrex-i, surrect-um, surg-
disced-o, discess-i, discess-um, dis- ĕre, 3, to rise.
ced-ĕre, 3, to depart. trad-o, didi, ditum, ĕre, 3, to betray.
esse, to be, infin. pres. of sum. viv-o, vix-i, vict-um, viv-ĕre, 3, to
fraternitas, atis, 3, f. , brotherhood. live.
1. Lege bonos libros. 2. Vade in pace. 3. Pasce oves
meas. 4. Pasce agnos meos. 5. Vade ad fratres meos,
et dic¹ eis : "Ascendo ad Patrem meum et Patrem vestrum,
Deum meum et Deum vestrum." 6. Da mihi librum. 7.
Da mihi bibĕre. 8. Diligite inimicos vestros. 9. Omnes
honorate fraternitatem diligite : Deum timete : regem
honorificate. 10. Illi iterum clamaverunt : " Crucifige
eum." Et crucifixerunt eum. 11. Vade, filius tuus vivit.
12. Manducemus et bibamus.
88 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

13. Et Jesus interrogabat discipulos suos, dicens : "Quem

dicunt homines esse Filium hominis ? " 14. Dicit illis
Jesus : " Vos autem quem me esse dicitis ? " Respondens
Simon Petrus dixit : " Tu es Christus, Filius Dei vivi.”
15. Ego diligentes me diligo. 16. Quod vides, scríbe in
libro. 17. Scribe ergo quae vidisti. 18. Ut epistolas
scribamus. 19. Libros bonos legamus. 20. Epistolam
scripturus. 21. Omnes (we all) cupimus te videre. 22.
Surge. 23. Bene vivere, bis vivĕre est ; bene vivite. 24 .
Bonos libros legĕre amo.

25. Non facile³ est longas epistolas scribere. 26. Facile

est scribere, non facile est bene scribere. 27. Docendo
discimus. 28. Puer ludendo non discit. 29. Te scriben-
tem vidi. 30. Disce aut discede. 31. Disce scribĕre. 32.
Disce parvo esse contentus.* 33. Pueri scribunto. 34.
Discite legere bonos libros. 35. Docet pueros, ut legère
discant. 36. Legit, ut discat.

37. Legat, ut discat. 38. Scribant pueri. 39. Discĕre

est utile. 40. Discat puer legere. 41. Equus currito.
42. Ars scribendi utilis est. 43. Venite et videte. 44.
Pueri ludant. 45. Petrus et Joannes ascendebant in
templum. 46. Quia ego vivo ; et vos vivetis.5 47. Da
mihi hanc aquam. 48. Ignoscat mihi Dominus servo tuc.?
49. Ecce ascendimus Jerosolymam.8 50. Juda, osculo
Filium hominis tradis ? 9 51. Si ascendero coelum, tu illic
es. 10 52. Si quo minus, dixissem vobis.¹¹

See § 69, obs. 2 Ego diligo, I love ; diligentes me, them that love
me; see § 141. 3 Non facile est, it is not easy, i.e. , it is not an easy (thing) ;
see § 128. 4 See § 124. 5 See § 93. • See § 102, a. 7 See § 102, c. 8 See
§ 111, a. • See § 117, b. 10 See § 135, b. 11 See § 136, a ; Si quo minus,
if it were not so.
 DELECTUS. £9

EXERCISE XVIII.
The Fourth Conjugation, Active Voice. $$ 48 and 49.
Adolescens, ntis, 3. m ., " young man. pun-io, Ivi, Itum, īre, 4, to punish.
ann-us, i, 2, m., a year. sc-io, īvi, itum , ire, 4, to know.
ǎ ér-io, ivi, itum, ire, 4, to open. sent-io, sens-i, sens-um, sent-ire,
and-io, ivi, itum, ire, 4, to hear. 4, to feel.
cum, prep. with abl., with. sepel-io, ivi, Itum, ire, 4, to bury.
dorm-io, ivi, itum, īre, 4, to sleep. sit-io, ivi, itum, ire, 4, to thirst.
esur-io, īvi, itum, īre, 4, to hunger. somniator, ōris, 3, m., a dreamer.
hor-a, ae, 1, f., an hour. surd-us, a, um, deaf.
nub-es, is, 3, f. , a cloud. § 13. unquam, adv., ever.
obdorm-io, ivi, ītum, īre, 4, to fall văn-o, vẽn -i, vent-um, věn -ire , 4,
to come.
asleep.
1. Nox věnit. 2. Věnit hora. 3. Amicus noster dormit.
4. Puella dormit. 5. Tu dormis. 6. Ecce rex tuus věnit.
7. Qui (those who) dormiunt, nocte dormiunt. 8. Agricola
dormiebat. 9. Anno Domini (A.D.). 10. Anno Mundi
(A.M.) . 11. Anno quarto. 12. Quis věnit ? 13. Hominis
vocem audio.
14. Veni, vidi, vici. 15. Audisne ?¹ 16. Puer audit
vocem . 17. Magistri audient vocem . 18. Mors věnit.
19. Ecce somniator věnit. 20. Veniesne mecum ? 21. Et
alius angelus venit. 22. Oves meae vocem meam audiunt.
23. Audivi vocem. 24. Veneruntque ad eum fratres sui.
25. Pater tuus et fratres tui venerunt ad te. 26.
Magister librum aperiet. 27. Ego te non punivi. 28.
Venerunt ad me duo adolescentes. 29. Christus Jesus
venit in hunc mundum. 30. Dixit autem eis Jesus : "Ego
sum panis vitae ; qui² věnit ad me, non esuriet ; et qui
credit in me, non sitiet unquam." 31. Scio eum esse
mendacem hominem. 32. Pater filium sepeliverat. 33.
Surdi non audiunt. 34. Calorem solis hodie sentimus.
35. Agricola filium hodie sepeliit. 36. Ecce věnit cum
nubibus ; et videbit eum omnis oculus. 37. Mense primo,
primā die mensis.³ 38. Navigantibus illis, obdormivit.*
33. Omnes scient me."
1 See Exercise XII. , note. 2 Qui, he that. 3 Sec § 120. 4 See § 126, b.
• Sce § 128, a.
 90 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE XIX.

The Fourth Conjugation, Active Voice-continued.

Alter, era, erum, the other. invěn-io, vēni, ventum, īre, 4, to
a ris, is, 3, f. , an ear. find.
car-us, a, um, dear. Jacob-us, i, 2, m., James.
dign-us, a, um, worthy. Joann-es, is, 3, m., John.
diligenter, adv., carefully. Magi, wise men.
disciplin-a, ae, 1, f., instruction. majestas, atis, 3, f., glory.
ĕrūd-io, ivi, itum, ire, 4, to instruct. occid-o, occid-i, occis-u , occid-
esuriens, ntis, hungry (pres. part. ĕre, 3, to kill, slay.
of esurio). Oriens, ntis, the East.
gladi-us, i, 2, m., a sword. ōs, ōr-is, 3, n., a mouth.
hereditas, atis, 3, f., an inheritance. sanet-us, a, um, holy.
heres, ēdis, 3, m., an heir. serv-us, i, 2, m. , a sercant.
hac, adv., hither. venturus est, is to come (fut. part of
venio).
1. Ego cupio ad te venire. 2. Quis est dignus aperire
librum ? 3. Věni huc. 4. Veniat ad me. 5. Věni in
hortum meum. 6. Aperite portas. 7. Aperi os tuum. 8.
Puni malos pueros. 9. Auditote meam vocem . 10. Me
amatis ad me venite. 11. Audi alteram partem. 12.
Pueri diligenter erudiendi sunt. 13. Aperite urbis
portas.
14. Et věnit ad discipulos et invěnit eos dormientes.
15. Et věnit iterum, et invěnit eos dormientes. 16. Hic
est Filius meus carissimus : audīte illum. 17. Dico huic :
Vade, et vadit ; et alii : Věni, et věnit. 18. Hic est heres ;
venite, occidamus eum, et habebimus hereditatem ejus.
19. Aperi oculos hujus pueri. 20. Aperi oculos istorum,
ut videant. 21, Oculos habentes nonne videtis ? et aures
habentes nonne auditis ? 22. Aperi oculos tuos. 23.
Venite in urbem. 24. Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, Dominus
Deus omnipotens, qui erat, qui est, et qui venturus est.
25. Occidit autem Jacobum, fratrem Joannis gladio.¹ 26.
Věni mecum domum.2 27. Audite, filii, disciplinam patris.
28. Ecce Magi ab Oriente venerunt. 29. Esurientes
implevit bonis." 30. Cum venerit Filius hominis in .
majestate suä. *
Sce § 87, a, and § 117, a. 2 See § 111, b. 3 Sec § 123, a. 4 Scc § 195.
 DELECTUS. 91

EXERCISE XX.

The First Conjugation, Passive Voice. §§ 50, 51.

A, ab, abs, prep. with abl. , by. melius, neut. comp. of bon-us, a,
ărat-us, ploughed (past part. of aro). um . $ 19.
autem, conj., for. mut-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to change.
cert-us, a, um, certain. nunquam, adv., never
cito, adv., quickly. nupti-ae, arum, 1, f. plur., wedding.
culp-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to blame. ōratio, onis, 3, f., prayer.
dătum, given (past part. of do). quia, conj., for.
delect-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to delight. saepe, adv. , often.
exalt-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to exalt. si, conj., if.
humili-o, avi, atum, are, 1, tohumble. sperāt-us, a, um, hoped for (past
invitāt-us, a, um, bidden (past part. part. of sper-o, avi, atum, are,
of invit-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to 1, to hopefor).
invite, bid). valde, adv., very much.
jam non, no more. victori-a, ae, 1, f., victory.

1. Agri arantur. 2. Parentes a filiis amantur.¹ 3. Ego

nunquam laudor : tu semper laudaris. 4. Pueri boni
laudabantur. 5. Homines judicantur. 6. Puer judicetur.
7. Filius a patre amatur. 8. Mali culpantur : laudantur
boni. 9. Melius est certa pax, quam sperata victoria. 10.
Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur in illis. 11. Si bonus
es, laudaberis. 12. Domus magistii cito aedificabitur. 13 .
Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur.

14. Jam non sum dignus vocari filius tuus. 15. Nec
vocemini magistri : quia Magister vester unus est, Christus.
16. Qui autem se exaltaverit, humiliabitur ; et qui se
humiliaverit, exaltabitur. 17. Mater mea valde delectatur.
18. Hic ager bene aratus est. 19. Domus aedificata est.
20. Vinum pauperibus datum erat. 21. Laudatur ab his :
culpatur ab illis. •22. A patre meo laudatus sum. 23.
Quis a te laudabitur ? 24. Nemo culpator. 25. Boni
pueri laudantor. 26. Melius est laudari, quam culpari.
27. Et rex misit servos suos vocare invitatos ad nuptias.
28. Filius Altissimi vocabitur.2

1 Rule, § 118. 2 See § 94, c.

 36
92

VULGATE
THE

LATIN

COURSE

.
EXERCISE XXI.
The Second Conjugation, Passive Voice. §§ 52, 53.
Content-us, a, um , content. Ŏpěrarius, 2, m., a labourer.
diligens, ntis, diligent. plēn-us, a, um, full.
légio, onis, 3,f., a legion. stipendi-a, 2, n., pl. , wages.
merces, ēdis, 3, f., reward. terr-eo, ui, itum, ere, 2, to frighten.
must-um, i, 2, n., new wine.
1. Pueri a magistris docentur. 2. Pueri diligenter
docentor. 3. A magistro doctus sum. 4. Mali timentur :
amantur boni. 5. Boni non timebuntur. 6. Filiae a patre
docebantur. 7. Discipuli a magistro docti essent. 8.
Magistri ab omnibus discipulis timebantur. 9. Moniti
sumus ut diligentiores essemus. 10. Pueri moniti essent.
11. Puellae territae erant. 12. Mulieres non terrebuntur.
13. Et interrogabat eum : " Quod tibi nomen est ? " Et
dicit ei : " Legio mihi nomen est quia multi sumus." 14.
Musto pleni sunt isti.¹ 15. Dignus est operarius mercede
sua. 16. Contenti estote stipendiis vestris.3
I See § 123, c. 2 See § 124, a. 3 See § 124 b.

EXERCISE XXII.
The Third Conjugation, Passive Voice. §§ 54, 55.
Absorpt-us, a, um, swallowed up hostis, is, 3, m., an enemy.
(past part. ofabsorb-eo, absorb-ui, hostes, pl., the enemy.
and absorps-i, ptum, bēre, 2, to lǎtro, onis, 3, m., a thief.
swallow up). liter-a, ae, 1, f. , a letter.
ag-o, ēgi, actum, agĕre, 3, to do, prophet-a, ae, 1, m. , a prophet.
lead, drive. script-us, a, um, written (past part.
benedict-us, a, um, blessed . of scribo).
desert-us, i, 2, m. , a desert. vict-us, a, um, conquered (past part.
duct-us, a, um, led (past part. of of vinc-o).
duco).
1. Ducuntur pueri. 2. Epistola mittetur. 3. Libri
leguntur. 4. Libri legebantur. 5. Benedictus qui venit
in nomine Domini ! 6. Dicunt omnes : Crucifigatur ! 7.
Absorpta est mors in victoria. 8. Crucifixi sunt, cum eo
duo latrōnes . 9. Litera scripta manet. 10. Libri lecti
erant. 11. Ars docendi discitur. 12. Mundus regitur a
Deo.
 DELECTUS. 93

13. Puella a matre docebatur. 14. Jesus crucifixus est.

15. Epistolae scriptae sunt. 16. Omnia labore vincuntur.
17. Frater a sororibus diligitur. 18. A rege missus sum.
19. Ductus est ad Pilatum. 20. Hostis vincitur. 21.
Milites ! victi estis. 22. Et agebatur a Spiritu in desertum.¹
23. Et mansit ibi duos dies.2 24. Non est servus major
domino suo.3 25. Neque enim melior sum quam patres
mei. 26. Credens omnibus quae in lege et prophetis
scripta sunt.5
1 See § 118. 2 See § 110. 3 See § 125 a. + See § 125, b. See § 140 b.

EXERCISE XXIII.

The Fourth Conjugation, Passive Voice. §§ 56, 57.

An , or. rěpĕr-io, rěpĕr-i, rěpert-um, rěpĕr-

fin-io, ivi, itum, īre, 4, to finish. ire, 4, to find.
improb-us, a, um, wicked. suadeo, si, sum, ere, 1 , to persuade.
plac-eo, ui, Itum, ēre, 2, to please. vest-io, īvi, Itum, īre, 4, to clothe.
quaer-o, quaesiv-i, quaesit-um,
quaer-ère, 3, to seek.

1. Labor finitur. 2. Pueri erudiuntur. 3. Vox auditur.

4. Corpora sepeliuntur. 5. Labores finiti essent. 6.
Puellae a matre vestiebantur. 7. Hi duo pueri diligenter
a magistro eruditi sunt. 8. Puniuntor mali pueri. 9. Pueri
a magistris erudiuntur. 10. Corpora sepeliuntor. 11.
Mali pueri a magistro punientur. 12. Improbi homines a
Deo punientur. 13. Corpora sepelientur. 14. Haec nostra
vita reperietur brevissima. 15. Et aperti sunt oculi
amborum.¹ 16. Modo enim hominibus suadeo, an Deo ?2
17. An quaero hominibus placere ? 3

1 See §§ 25, 95, b. 2 See § 102, g. 3 See § 102, e.

94 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE XXIV.
Verbs in IO of the Third Conjugation. § 69.
Accipio, cepi, ceptum, cĭpĕre, 3, to ignis, is, 3, m., fire.
take, receive. mendic-o, avi, atum , are, 1, to beg.
běnědictio, ōnis, 3, f. , blessing. minister, tri, 2, m., a minister.
dăre, to give ( pres. inf of do). occis-us, a, um, slain (past part. of
divinitas, atis, 3, f., riches. occido).
făcio, feci, factum, făcere, 3, to do, piscis, is, 3, m., a fish.
make. propter, prep. with acc., for, on
fac, do (thou), imper. , 2, sing. account of.
§ 69, Obs. sapienti-a, ae, 1, f., wisdom.
flamm- , ae, 1, f. ,flame. secundum, prep. with acc., accord-
fodio, fōdi, fossum, foděre, 3, to dig. ing to.
fortitudo , dinis, 3, f., strength. similiter, adv. , likewise.
fugio, fugi, fugitum, fugère, 3, to super, prep. with acc., upon.
fee. virtus, ūtis, 3. f., power.
glōri-a, ae, 1, f., glory. võluntas, ātis, 3, f., pleasure.
1. Quis mundum fecit ? 2. Bene omnia fecit.¹ 3. Quid
faciam (fut.) 4. Avis nidum facit. 5. Quid fecisti ? 6.
Aves nidos in arboribus faciunt. 7. Hostes fugiunt. 8.
Agricolae fodiunt. 9. Melius est foděre quam mendicare.
10. Epistolam tuam accēpi. 11. Multas a te accepi
epistolas, omnes diligenter scriptas. 12. Acceperam tuas
epistolas.
13. Dico huic : Vade, et vadit ; et alii : Věni, et věnit ;
et servo meo : Fac² hoc, et facit. 14. Dominus fecit
mundum et omnia quae in eo sunt. 15. Beatius est dare
quam accipere. 16. Ego feci terram, et hominem super
eam creavi ego. 17. Vade, et tu fac similiter. 18. Hoc
fac, et vives. 19. Qui facit angelos suos spiritus, et
ministros suos flammam ignis. 20. Dignus est Agnus, qui
occisus est, accipere virtutem, et divinitatem, et sapientiam,
et fortitudinem, et honorem, et gloriam, et benedictionem.
21. Dignus es, Domine Deus noster, accipere gloriam, et
honorem, et virtutem, quia tu creasti omnia, et propter
voluntatem tuam erant, et creata sunt. 22. Dixit ergo eis
Pilatus : " Accipite eum, et secundum legem vestram³
judicate eum." 23. Sunt alia multa, quae fecit Jesus.4
24. Acceptis autem quinque panibus, et duobus piscibus."
1 See § 128, b. 2 Fac hoc, do this (thing), see § 69, obs. 3 Secundum
legem vestram , according to your law. (See list of Prepositions, § 75.) + See
§ 91, b. • See § 126, a.
 DELECTUS. 95

EXERCISE XXV.

Irregular Verbs. §§ 78 and 41, obs.

Ad-sum, I am here. Ŏnĕrat-us, a, um, heavy-laden.
aetas, atis, 3,f., age. peccat-um, i, 2, n ., sin.
aeternitas, atis, 3, f. , eternity. pono, posui, posit-um, ponĕre, 3,
annulus, i, 2, m., a ring. to lay.
claud-o, claus-i, claus-um, claud- praeter-eo, ivi and ii, ītum , īre, to
ĕre, 3, to shut. pass away.
condemn-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to prohib-eo, ui, Itum, ere 2, to forbid.
condemn. que, and, joined on to the end of
confĕro, contŭli, collatum, conferre, the word.
to compare ; confer, compare re-ficio, feci, fectum, ficere, 3, to
(thou) ; imper, 2, sing. refresh.
cor, cord-is, 3, n., the heart. sine, prep., with abl., without.
crux, cruc-is, 3, f., a cross. surg-o, surrex-i, surrect-um, surg-
desum, I am wanting. ĕre, 3, to rise.
form-o, avi, atum, are, 1, toform. sin-o, sīvi, situm, sinĕre, 3, to let
fruct-us, ūs, 4, m. , fruit. suffer.
fert fructum, bringeth forthfruit. sinite (eum) abire, allow him to go,
hinc, adv., hence. i.e., let him go
intellig-o, intellex-i, intellect-um, solvo, solvi, sõlūtum, solvěre, 3, to
intelligere, 3, to understand. loose.
labor-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to labour. sustoll-o, tuli, tol'ĕre, to take up or
lapid-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to stone. away.
lap-is, Idis, 3, m., a stone. toll-o, sustuli, sublatum, tollĕre, to
mund-us, a, um, clean. take up.
neque, conj. , neither. trans-eo, ivi and ii, itum, īre, to
nesc-io, ivi, itum, ire, to know not. pass away.
nihil, nothing. tulerunt, they have taken away, 3
nolo, I am unwilling ; noli, imper., pers. plur. perf. of sustollo.
2, sing., be unwilling to, i.e., do verb-um, i, 2 n., a word.
not (thou); plur. , nolite, do not
(ye).
1. Scribĕre non possum. 2. Agricolae possunt agros
arare. 3. Intelligere non potest. 4. Potestne¹ arǎre ? 5 .
Pueri voluerunt dormire . 6. Magister vult amari. 7.
Vivĕre nolo. 8. Eamus ad urbem. 9. Surgite, eamus hinc.
10. Potestne¹ docere ? 11. Foděre non possumus. 12.
Parva puella claudĕre portam non potest.
13. Volui dormire. 14. Magister semper adest. 15.
Homines fiunt sapientes. 16. Věnit ut portas claudat.
17. Vēnit ut portas clauderet. 18. Vēnit ut portas claudat.
19. Veniat ut portas claudat. 20. Venerat ut portas
clauderet. 21. Ecce Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccatum mundi.
22. Eamus in urbem iterum . 23. Tollite lapidem. 24.
Tulerunt lapidem. 25. Tulitque annulum de manu suā.
96 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

26. Noli me tangere . 27. Nolite peccare in puerum.❜

28. Pax vobiscum, nolite timere. 29. Nolite prohibēre
eum. 30. Caelum et terra transibunt, verba autem mea
non praeteribunt. 31. Nolite diligère mundum, neque
ea quae in mundo sunt. 32. Si quis diligit mundum, non
est caritas Patris in eo. 33. Sine me nihil potestis facère.
34. Ego sum vitis, vos palmites : qui manet in me, et ego
in eo, hic (the same) fert fructum multum. 35. Nolite
judicare. 36. Nolite judicare, et non judicabimini : nolite
condemnare, et non condemnabimini .
37. Venite ad me omnes qui³ laboratis et onerati estis,
et ego reficiam vos. 38. Unum tibi deest.4 39. Tulerunt
Dominum meum, et nescio ubi posuerunt eum. 40.
Domine, si tu sustulisti eum , dicito mihi ubi posuisti eum ;
et ego eum tollam. 41. Quis potest dicere : " Mundum
est cor meum ?" 42. Noli timēre. 43. Nolite timere.
44. Dixitque Dominus : " Fiat lux."5 Et facta est lux.
45. I ! puer. 46. Vos ite domum : ego manebo. 47.
Surgam, et ibo ad patrem meum, et dicam ei : "Pater
peccavi in coelum et coram te ; jam non sum dignus
vocari filius tuus." Et surgens,6 venit ad patrem suum.
48. In domum Domini ibimus.
49. Noli aquam bibère. 50. Ut puer fiat bonus. 51 .
Surdi non possunt audire : caeci non possunt videre. 52.
Confer nostram longissimam aetatem cum aeternitate, et
invenietur brevissima. 53. Ite et videte. 54. Et rex
misit servos suos vocare invitatos ad nuptias, et nolebant
venire. 55. Factus es populus Domini Dei tui. 56. Et
nihil mihi deerit. 57. Quid enim proderit homini ?4 58.
In quo posuit hominem quem formaverat.8 59. Sustul-
erunt lapides Judaei, ut lapidarent eum." 60. Solvite
eum, et sinite abire,10

Potene, is he able? i.e., can he? 2 In puerum, against the lad, see §
75. 3 Qui, ye that. * See § 103. Fiat lux, let there be light. • See §
141. 7 See § 94, b. 8 See § 133. 9 See § 136, b. 10 See § 139.
 DELECTUS. 97

EXERCISE XXVI.

Deponent Verbs. § 70.

Arc-a, 1, f., the ark. ex-eo, Ivi, and ii, Itum, Ire, to come
canis, is, 3, c., a dog. out.
cognosc-o, cognov-i, cognit-um, fru-or, fruit-us, fruct-us sum, fru-i,
cognosc-ĕre, 3, to know. 3, dep., to enjoy.
cras, adv., to-morrow. hěri, adv., yesterday.
cum, when. hic, adv., here.
cunct-us, a, um, all. modicus, a, um, a little.
de, prep with abl., from. nisi, save, except.
dens, dent-is, 3, m ., atooth. occidit sol, the sun sets.
dicens, ntis, suying (pres. part. of pars, part-is, 3, f., a part, portion.
dico). sacerdoti-um, i, 2, n., the priest's
dimitt-o, misi, missum, mittere, fice.
3, to leave. turb-a, ae, 1, f., a multitude.
et-et, both-anl. unde, adv., whence.
vivens, entis, part., living.

1. Misereor amici mei.¹ 2. Miserere nostri." 3.

Venerare Deum (Imper. ). 4. Misereor turbae. 5. Homines
hortati sunt. 6. Rex milites hortabitur. 7. Confiteor
peccatum meum. 8. Frater ejus mortuus est. 9. Noli
imitari malos. 10. Ubi est qui (he who) natus est rex
Judaeorum ? 11. Bene omnia fecit ; et surdos fecit audire,
et mutos loqui. 12. Oritur sol, et occidit.
13. Puella non mortua est, sed dormit. 14. Věni ,
sèquère me. 15. Oves meae vocem meam audiunt : et ego
cognosco eas, et sequuntur me. 16. Ortus est sol. 17.
Christus pro nobis mortuus est. 18. Manducemus et
bibamus ; cras enim moriemur. 19. Deum veneramur,
qui nos creavit. 20. Nemo nascitur sapiens. 21. Ecce
nos dimisimus omnia, et secuti sumus te. 22. In omni
loco oculi Domini contemplantur bonos et malos.
23. Et audivi vocem de caelo, dicentem mihi ; Scribe :
Beati mortui qui in Domino moriuntur. 24. Domine, si
fuisses hîc, non esset mortuus frater meus. 25. Revertar
in domum meam, unde exivi. 26. Eamus et (also) nos, ut
moriamur cum eo. 27. Jesu, fili David, miserere mei.
28. Oblivisci me fecit Deus omnium laborum meorum, et
domus patris mei, 29. Dixitque Dominus ad eum :
G
 98 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

" Ingredĕre tu, et omnis domus tua, in arcam." 30.

Audite multa, pauca loquimini. 31. Mutus non loquitur,
surdus non audit, caecus non videt.
32. Magister dis-
cipulos hortari amnat. 33. Peccata sua confessi sunt. 34.
Peccata sua confitebuntur.
35. O mi pater, miserere mei. 36. O Deus, miserere
nostri. 37. O Deus, hominum cunctorum miserere. 38.
Verentur parentes : regem timent. 39. Parentes meos
verebor. 40. Filium meum verebuntur. 41. Ortusne³
sol ? 42. Sol orietur. 43. Heri amicus meus mortuus
est. 44. O pueri veremini parentes. 45. Veremini
Deum. 46. Peccatum suum confessus est.
47. Sine
dentibus nati sumus . 48. Tollat crucem suam, et sequatur
me.
49. Melior est canis vivens leone mortuo. 50. Quomodo
miseretur pater filiorum.5 51. Obliti sunt Domini Dei sui.
52. Cum sacerdotio fungeretur.7 53. Ut fruatur parte
suā.8 54. Modico vino utere. 55. Nisi panem quo vesceb-
atur.10 56. Lacrymatus est Jesus.¹¹
57. Ingressus in
templum Domini.¹2
1 See § 98.2 Nostri, Gen, Plur. of ego. § 27. Ex. 12, note. See §
90, c. 5 See § 98, a. • See § 98, c. 7 See § 122, a. See8 See § 122, b. 9 See
122, c. 10 See § 122, d. 11 See § 129, a. 12 See § 142.

EXERCISE XXVII.
Impersonal Verbs. § 80.
Edo, ēdi, ēsum, ěděre, 3, to eat. interdum, adv., sometimes.
ĕm-o, ĕm-i, emt-um and empt-um,
ěm-ĕre, 3, to buy. nam, conj., for.
expedit, it is expedient. negligenti-a, ae, 1, f., carelessness.
fact-um, i, 2, n., a deed. plant-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to plant.
Herodes, is, 3, Herod. quod, what, that.
uxor, ōris,
vendo, didi, ditum, děre, 3, to 3, f., a wife.
seil.
1. Miseret nos hominis.¹ 2. Piget puerum negligentiae.
3. Miseret me amici mei. 4. Taedet me vitae meae. 5.
Miseret me tui. 6. Pudet me facti. 7. Dicebat enim
Joannes Herodi : " Non licet tibi hal ĕre uxorem fratris
tui." 8. Juravit Dominus , et non poenitebit eum. 9.
 DELECTUS. 99

Non licet mihi quod volo facère ? 10. Poenituit eum quod
hominem fecisset in terra. 11. Poenitet me fecisse eos.
12. Me miseret illius hominis.
13. Pudet te tuae negligentiae. 14. Oportet me hoc
facere. 15. Edĕre oportet ut vivamus, non vivĕre ut
edamus. 16. Interdum ningit. 17. Eamus domum , nam
pluit, tonat, et fulgurat. 18. Nos miseret eorum. 19.
Oportet nos adorare Deum. 20. Spiritus est Deus ; et eos,
qui adorant eum, in spiritu et veritate oportet adorare.
21. Quid me oportet facere ? 22. Omnia mihi licent sed
non omnia expediunt. 23. Expedit vobis ut ego vadam.*
24. Hic dicet tibi quid te oporteat facere.5 25. Edebant,
et bibebant ; emebant, et vendebant ; plantabant, et
aedificabant."
1 See § 99, b. 2 See § 99, c. 3 See § 105, a. 4 See § 105. b. 5 See §
102, b. • See § 131.

EXERCISE XXVIII.
Defective Verbs. § 79.
Argente-us, a, um, made of silver. quoniam, conj., for.
Caesar, Caesar-is, 3, m., Caesar. reddo, reddidi, redditum, reddĕre,
et, conj. , also. to render.
Imago, imagin-is, 3, f., image. superscriptio, onis, 3, f., super-
Ismaelit-i, orum, 2, pl. , Ishmaelites. scription.
quia, conj. , that.
1. Ego odi eum. 2. Qui¹ me odit, et Patrem meum odit.
3. Domine, tu omnia nosti, tu scis quia amo te. 4. Et
veniebant ad eum, et dicebant : " Ave, rex Judaeorum ! "
5. Qui non diligit, non novit Deum, quoniam Deus caritas
est. 6. Et ait illis Jesus : "Cujus est imago haec, et
superscriptio ? " 7. Dicunt ei, " Caesaris." Tunc ait illis,
" Reddite ergo quae sunt Caesaris, Caesari ; et quae sunt
Dei, Deo." 8. Memento creatōris tui. 9. Non sunt nobis,
plus quam quinque panes.³ 10. Quod tibi nomen est ?
Legio mihi nomen est. 11. Vendiderunt eum Ismaelitis
viginti argenteis.5
Qui, he that. 2 See § 98, b. See § 104, a. See § 104, b, c. & See
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.
EXERCISE XXIX

Adverbs. § 71.
Cělěriter, adv. , quickly. quomodo, adv., how.
foris, adv., out-of-doors. super, prep. with acc., more than.

1. Foris ambulemus. 2. Hodie epistolam scripsi. 3.

Bene vivere, bis vivěre est : bene vivite. 4. Surdi non
audiunt. 5. Věni huc. 6. Ecce venio cito. 7. Multas a
te accepi epistolas, omnes diligenter scriptas. 8. Eamus
in urbem iterum. 9. Tulerunt Dominum meum, et nescio
ubi posuerunt eum. 10. Ubi est ille ? 11. Jam non sum
dignus vocari filius tuus.
12. Manducabimus et bibemus, cras enim moriemur.
13. Domine, si fuisses hîc, non esset mortuus frater meus.
14. Heri amicus meus mortuus est. 15. Revertar in
domum meam, unde exivi. 16. Qui amat patrem aut
matrem plus quam me, non est me dignus ; et qui amat
filium aut filiam super me, non est me dignus. 17. Ecce
quomodo amabat eum ! 18. Currit celeriter. 19. Currite
celeriter. 20. Milites fortissime pugnant. 21. Epistolae
sunt pessime scriptae. 22. Facile est scribère ; non facile
est bene scribere.

1 See Rule, § 124. 2 Pessime, sup. adv., very badly, § 73.

EXERCISE XXX.

Prepositions. § 75.
Apud, prep. with acc., with, per, prep. with acc., through.
collig-o, colleg-i, collect-um, collig- requiesc-o, requiēv-i, requiēt-um,
ĕre, 3, to gather. requiesc-ère, 3, to rest.
contra, prep. with acc. , against. sit, let it be, 3, sing. pres. subj. of
disperg-o, dispers-i, dispers-um, sum, used as an imperative.
disperg-ère, 3, to scatter. super, prep. with acc. or abl. ,
emund-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to above, upon.
cleanse. turbati sunt, they were troubled, 3.
fieri, to be made, infin. of fio, pl. perf. indic. pass. of turb-o.
labi-um, 2, n., a lip. avi, atum, are, 1, to trouble
longe, adv., far. vigili-a, ae, 1, f., a watch.
 DELECTUS. 101

1. In templo ambulabat. 2. Domos in urbe aedificav-

erunt. 3. Sanguis Jesu Christi emundat nos ab omni
peccato. 4. Vade in pace. 5. Pax vobiscum. 6. Deus
est super omnia et per omnia. 7. Apud me sunt filii mei.
8. Sine dentibus nati sumus. 9. Ecce věnit cum nubibus.
10. Sanguis ejus (sit) super nos et super filios nostros. 11 .
Populus hic labiis me honorat ; cor autem eorum longe est
a me. 12. Pater, peccavi in coelum et coram te. 13. Per
urbem ambulat. 14. Jesus věnit ad eos ambulans super
mare. 15. Vado ad Patrem. 16. Milites in urbem currunt.
17. Nobiscum ambulant.
18. Et nunc vado ad eum qui misit me ; et nemo ex
vobis interrogat me : Quo vadis ? 19. Nihil in hoc
mundo fieri sine Deo potest.¹ 20. Qui non est mecum
contra me est ; et qui non colligit mecum dispergit.
21. Agricolae pascebant oves in montibus. 22. Veniesne
mecum? 23. Veniat ad me. 24. Věni in hortum meum.
25. Magistri a discipulis amantur. 26. Quartā vigiliā
noctis, venit ad eos ambulans super mare. 27. Et videntes
eum super mare ambulantem, turbati sunt. 28. Laudatur
ab his culpatur ab illis. 29. Crucifixi sunt cum eo duo
latrones. 30. In domum Domini eamus. 31. Tulitque
annulum de manu sua. 32. Nolite peccare in puerum .
1 Fieri potest, can be done. 2 Que, and, joined on to the end of the
word.

EXERCISE XXXI.
The Lord's Prayer.
Advěnío, veni, ventum, venire, 4, induc-o, duxi, ductum, ducere, 3,
to come. to lead.
cael-um, i, 2, n. , or, cael-i, orum, 2, liber-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to deliver,
m., pl., heaven. mal-us, i, 2, m., the Evil One, or,
debitor, ōris, 3, m ., a debtor. mal-im, i, 2, n., evil.
dēbit-um, i, 2, n. , a debt. quotidian-us, a, um, daily.
dimitt-o, misi, missum, mittĕre, 3, regn-um, i, 2, n. , a kingdom.
toforgive. sanctific-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to
fiat, be done, 3, sing. subj. pres. of hallow.
fio, used as the passive of facio,
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 102 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Pater noster, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur¹ nomen tuum.

Adveniat regnum tuum. Fiat voluntas tua sicut in caelo
et in terrā. Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie.
Et dimitte nobis debita nostra, sicut et nos dimittimus
debitoribus nostris. Et ne³ nos inducas in tentationem.
Sed libera nos a malo. AMEN.
1 Sanctificetur-The Subjunctive is used to express a wish, see § 136.
2 Nobis, a dative of advantage after dimitte. 3 § 137.

EXERCISE XXXII.
Visit of the Angel Gabriel to Zacharias.
Aaron, of Aaron. ingress-us, entered, past part. of
a dextris, on the right side. ingredior, ingressus sum, ingrědi,
Abia, of Abia. to enter.
altare, ris, 3, n., an altar. irru-o, ui, ĕre, 3, to fall upon.
ambo, both. § 25. Joann-es, is, 3, John.
ante, prep. with acc., before. Judaea, ae, 1, Judea.
appār-eo, ui, Itum, ere, 2, to appear. justificatio, onis, 3, f., ordinance.
consuetudo, dinis, 3, f. , custom. just-us, a, um, just.
cum, adv., when. mandat-um, i, 2, n. , a commandment.
de, prep. with abl., of. nativitas, atis, 3, f., birth.
deprecatio, onis, 3, f., prayer. orans,
Elisabeth, Elizabeth. oro. ntis, praying, pres. part. of
exaudita est, is heard, 3, s. perf. ordo, dinis, 3, m., order.
indic. pass. from ex, and audio. pări-o, pěpěri, part-um, parĕre, 3,
exsultatio, onis, 3, f. , gladness. to bear.
foris, adv., without, out ofdoors. quěrēla, ae, 1, f. , complaint.
fuit, there was, perf. of sum. săcerdos, ōtis, 3, m. , a priest.
fungor, functus sum, fungi, 3, to săcerdoti-um, i, 2, n., the priest's
execute (gov. abl ). § 122. office.
gaudeo, găvisus sum, gaudēre, 2, sors, sort-is, 3, f., lot.
to rejoice. timor, ōris, 3, m.,fear.
gaudi-um, i, 2, n. , joy. turbatus est, was troubled, perf.
Herod-es, is, 3, Herod. ind. pass. of turbo, to trouble.
incedentes, walking, pres. part. pl. vicis (Gen. has no Nominative), 3,
of inced-o, incess-i, incess-um, f., a course.
inced-ĕre, to walk. de vice, ofthe course.
incensum ponere, to burn incense. Zacharias, Zacharias.
Fuit in diebus Herodis, regis Judaeae,¹ sacerdos quidam
nomine Zacharias,² de vice Abia ; et uxor illius de filiabus³
Aaron, et nomen ejus Elisabeth. Erant autem justi ambo
ante Deum, incedentes in omnibus mandatis et justifica-
tionibus Domini sine querela, et non erat illis filius.5
Factum est autem, cum sacerdotio fungeretur in ordine
vicis suae ante Deum, secundum consuetudinem sacerdotii,
sorte exiits ut incensum poneret, ingressus in templum
Domini ; 10 et omnis multitudo populi erat orans foris
 DELECTUS. 103

hora incensi. Apparuit autem illi angelus Domini , stans

a dextris altaris incensi. Et Zacharias turbatus est videns ,
et timor irruit super eum. Ait autem ad illum angelus .
Ne timeas, Zacharia, quoniam exaudita est deprecatio tua,
et uxor tua Elisabeth pariet tibi filium, et vocabis nomen
ejus Joannem ; et erit gaudium tibi, et exsultatio, et multi
in nativitate ejus gaudebunt. - Luc. i.
1 Rule, § 87. 2 Nomine Zacharias- Zacharias by name ; named
Zacharias. Filiabus: The Dative and Ablative Plural of some Feminine
Nouns of the First Declension end in abus, to distinguish them from the
Masculines of the Second Declension which make their Dative and Abla-
tive Plural in is, such as- dea, a goddess, and filia, a daughter. The
Feminines of duo, two, and ambo, both, make their Dative and Ablative
Plural duabus and ambabus ; see § 25. Sine querela, blameless. 6 Non
erat illis filius, they had no child ; see § 104. 6 Factum est, it came to
pass. Cum sacerdotio fungeretur, when he executed the priest's office ;
see § 122, a. 8 Sorte exiit, his lot was ; lit. , he went out by lot. 9 Ut
incensum poneret, to burn incense. 10 See § 141.

EXERCISE XXXIII.
Visit of the Angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary.
Abi-it, abivit, went, 3, s. perf. in aeternum, for ever.
ind. of ab-eo. intr-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to enter.
altissim-us, a, um, sup. adj. , highest. Jacob, ofJacob.
ancill-a, ae, 1, f., handmaid. Joseph, Joseph.
civitas, atis, 3, f., a city. Juda, of Judah.
concipi-o, cepi, ceptum, cĭpĕre, 3, Maria, Mary.
to conceive. mensis, is, 3, m., a month.
cogit-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to cast in missus est, was sent, 3, s. perf.
the mind. indic. pass, of mitto.
David, of David. montan-us, a, um, hilly.
desponsat-a, past part., f., espoused. in montana, into the hill country.
discess-it, departed, 3, s. perf. indic. Nazareth, Nazareth.
of disced-o. plēn-us, a, um, full of, followed by
exsurg-o, rexi, rectum, ĕre, 3, to an abl. § 123.
arise. qualis, e, what manner of.
festinatio, onis, 3, f., haste. regn-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to reign.
fiat mihi, be it unto me; fiat, 3, s. salutatio, ónis, 3, f. , salutation.
subj. of fio, the passive of facio. salut-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to salute.
finis, is, 3, m. , end. sēdes, is, 3, f., a seat.
Gabriel, Gabriel. sermo, ōnis, 3, m., saying.
Galilaea, ae, Galilee. sext-us, a, um, sixth.
grati-a, ae, 1, f., grace, favour. Zachariae, of Zacharias.
In mense autem sexto, missus est angelus Gabriel a Deo
in civitatem Galilaeae, cui nomen¹ Nazareth, ad virginem
desponsatam viro, cui nomen¹ erat Joseph, de domo David,
et nomen virginis Maria. Et ingressus angelus ad eam
dixit : " Ave, gratia plena ; 2 Dominus tecum ; 3 benedicta
104 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

tu in mulieribus !" Quae cum audisset, turbata est in

sermone ejus, et cogitabat qualis esset ista salutatio. Et
ait angelus ei : " Ne timeas, Maria, invenisti enim gratiam
apud Deum ; ecce concipies, et paries filium, et vocabis
nomen ejus JESUM. Hic erit magnus, et Filius Altissimi
vocabitur, et dabit illi Dominus Deus sedem David, patris
ejus ; et regnabit in domo Jacob in aeternum, et regni ejus
non erit finis." Dixit autem Maria : " Ecce ancilla Domini ,
fiat mihi secundum verbum tuum." Et discessit ab illa
angelus. Exsurgens autem Maria in diebus illis abiit in
montana cum festinatione, in civitatem Juda ; et intravit
in domum Zachariae, et salutavit Elisabeth. —Luc. i.
1 See § 104. 2 Gratia plena, full of grace ; otherwise translated- (thou
that art) highly favoured. 3 Tecum, with thee. The preposition cum,
with, is joined on to the end of the Relative, Personal, and Reflective
Pronouns. See § 136, c.
EXERCISE XXXIV.
The Birth of Our Blessed Lord.
Ad invicem, one to another. infans, ntis, 3, c. , an infant.
August-us, i, 2, Augustus. involv-o, volv-i, volüt-um, volv-ĕre,
Bethlehem, Bethlehem. 3, to wrap.
Caesar, Caesar, gen. Caesar-is, dat. juxta, prep, with acc., near to.
Caesar-i, acc. Caesar-em, abl. loc-us, i, 2. m. , room.
Caesǎr-e. militia caelestis, the heavenlyhost.
circumfulg-eo, fulsi, fulgere, 2, to mir-or, atus sum, äri, 1, dep., to
shine round about. wonder.
clarita , atis, 3, f., glory. noct-is, by night.
cognoverunt, made known abroad, ostend-o, ostend-i, ostens-um, and
3, pl. perf. indic. of cognosco. tum, ostend-ĕre, 3, to makeknown.
conserv-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to keep. pann-us, i, 2, m. , a small cloth for
custod-io, ivi, itum, īre, 4, to keep ; binding with, pann-i, orum, pl.
custodientes vigilias, keeping swaddling-clothes.
watch. po-it-us, a, um, lying or placed,
Cyrin-us, Cyrenius. from pōn-o, pos-ui, posit-um,
describ-o, scrips-i, script-um, scrib- pon-ĕre, 3, to lay or place.
ére, 3, to tax. praesepi-um, 2, n., a manger.
descripti-o, onis, 3, f. , taxing. praeses, praesid is , 3, m., governor.
diversori-um, 2, n., an inn. primogenit-us, a, um, first-born.
edict-um, 2, n., a decree. profit-eor, professus sum, profit-
co quod, because. ēri, 2, to be taxed.
evangeliz-o, avi, atum, are, 1, I reclin-o, avi, atum, are, 1, tolay.
bringglad tidings. regio, onis, 3, f. , a country.
fămili-a, ac, 1, f., lineage. singul-i, orum (ae, arum), pl. each.
festinantes, with haste, lit., hasten- stětit, came, lit. stood, 3, s. perf. of
ing, from festin-o, avi, atum, are, sto.
1, to hasten. subito, suddenly.
glorificantes, glorifying, pres. part. Syria, ac, Syria.
of glorific-o, avi, atum, are, 1, univers-us orb-is, the whole world.
to glorify. usque, even.
 DELECTUS. 105

Factum est autem in diebu illis, exiit edictum a Caesare

Augusto, ut describeretur universus orbis. Haec descriptio
prima facta est a praeside Syriae Cyrino. Et ibant omnes,
ut profiterentur singuli in suam civitatem . Ascendit
autem et Joseph a Galilaea de civitate Nazareth, in
Judaeam, in civitatem David, quae vocatur Bethlehem ; eo
quod esset de domo et familia David, ut profiteretur cum
Maria. Factum est autem, cum essent ibi, peperit filium
suum primogenitum, et pannis eum involvit, et reclinavit
eum in praesepio, quia non erat eis locus in diversorio.
Et pastores erant in regione eadem vigilantes, et custo-
dientes vigilias noctis super gregem suum. Et ecce angelus
Domini stetit juxta illos, et claritas Dei circumfulsit illos,
et timuerunt timore magno. Et dixit illis angelus : " Nolite
timere ; ecce enim evangelizo vobis gaudium magnum,
quod erit omni populo : quia natus est vobis hodie Salvator,
qui est Christus Dominus, in civitate David. Et hoc
vobis signum : Invenietis infantem pannis involutum, et
positum in praesepio." Et subito facta est cum angelo
multitudo militiae coelestis , laudantium Deum , et dicen-
tium : "Gloria in altissimis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus
bonae voluntatis." Et factum est, ut discesserunt ab eis
angeli in coelum, pastores loquebantur ad invicem :
"Transeamus usque Bethlehem, et videamus hoc verbum,¹
quod factum est, quod Dominus ostendit nobis." Et
venerunt festinantes, et invenerunt Mariam, et Joseph et
infantem positum in praesepio. Videntes autem cognov-
erunt de verbo, quod dictum erat illis de puero hoc. Et
omnes qui audierunt,³ mirati sunt et de his quae dicta
erant a pastoribus ad ipsos. Maria autem conservabat
omnia verba haec, conferens in corde suo. Et reversi sunt
pastores glorificantes et laudantes Deum, in omnibus
quae audierant et viderant, sicut dictum est ad illos.—
LUC. ii., 1-20.
Hoc verbum, this thing ; lit., this word. 2 Cognoverunt de verbo, they
made known abroad the saying. See § 60. 4 See § 140.
106 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE .

EXERCISE XXXV.

Christ raiseth Lazarus.

Bethani-a, Bethany. nunc, adv., of late, just now .

capill-us, i, 2, m., hair (of the head). occurr-o, occurr-i, occursum , occur-
castellum, i, 2, n., town. rĕre (with a dative), to meet.
cecidit, fell down, 3, sing. perf. offend-o, offend-i, offens-um, offend-
indic. of cado. ĕre, 3, to stumble.
circumsto, steti, statum, stare, to pēs, pěd-is, 3, m., afoot.
stand around. Pharisae-i, orum, 2, m., pl. , the
condiscipul-us, i, 2, m., fellow- Pharisees.
disciple. posc-o, poposc-i, posc-ère, 3, to ask.
consol-or, átus sum, āri, 1, dep. , post, prep. with acc. , after.
to comfort. pro, prep. with abl. , for.
Didymus, Didymus (a word signi- prodiit, came forth, 3, s. perf. indic.
fying, a twin). of prodeo, ivi and ii, itum, ire.
dormiti-o, onis, 3, f. , a sleeping. propter, prep. with acc., on account
duodecim, twelve. oj, propter vos, for your sakes.
elev-o, avi, atum, are. 1, to lift up. put-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to think.
excit-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to awake. quaer-o, quaesiv-i, quaesit-um,
exterg-eo, exters-i, exters-um, ex- quaer-ère, 3, to seek.
terg-ere, 2, to wipe. quasi, about.
faci-es, e , 5, f., aface. quatriduan-us, a, um, offour days.
foet-eo, ere, 2, to stink. quindecim, fifteen.
foras, adv., forth. Rabbi, Master.
gaud-eo, gavis-us sum, gaud-ēre, 2, resurrectio, onis, 3, f., the resurrec-
to be glad. tion.
glori-a, 1, f. , glory. rursum, again.
glorific-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to salv-us, a, um, well, in good health.
glorify. sed-eo, sēd-i, sessum, sed-ere, 2, to
gratias ago, I thank thee. sit.
illuc, adv. , thither. silentio, secretly, abl. sing. ofsilenti-
infirmitas, atis, 3, f., sickness. um, i, 2, n., silence.
infirm-or, atus sum, ari, 1, I am spēlunc-a, ae, 1, f. , a cave.
sick. stadi-um, i, 2, n., a Grecian measure
infrem-o, ui, uěre, 3, to groan. ofdistance; viz. -125 paces, or 625
instit-ae, arum, 1, f. , pl. , grave- feet.
clothes. statim, immediately.
juxta, prep. with acc., nigh to. sudari-um, 2, n., a napkin.
languens, sick. superpon-o, pos-ui, posit-um, pon-
lapid-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to stone. ĕre, 3, to lay upon.
Lazarus, Lazarus. surrexit, rose up, 3, sing. perf.
ligat-us, a, um, bound indic, of surg-o.
manifeste, adv. , plainly. sursum, up.
Martha, Martha. unguent-um, 2, n. , ointment.
mon ment-um, i, 2, n., a grave, ungu-o, unx-i, unct-um, ungu-ĕre,
sepulchre. 3, to anoint.
nondum, adv. , not yet. utique, yea.

Erat autem quidam languens Lazarus a Bethania, de

castello Mariae et Marthae, sororis ejus. (Maria autem
erat, quae unxit Dominum unguento, et extersit pedes ejus
capillis suis ; cujus frater Lazarus infirmabatur.) Miserunt
ergo sorores ejus ad eum , dicentes : "Domine, ecce quem
 DELECTUS. 107

amas infirmatur." Audiens autem Jesus dixit eis : "Infirm-

itas haec non est ad mortem, sed pro gloria Dei, ut
glorificetur Filius Dei per eam." Diligebat autem Jesus
Martham, et sororem ejus Mariam, et Lazarum . Post
haec dixit discipulis suis : " Eamus in Judaeam iterum."
Dicunt ei discipuli : " Rabbi, nunc quaerebant te Judaei
lapidare, et iterum vadis illuc ? " Respondit Jesus :
" Nonne duodecim sunt horae diei ? Si quis ambulaverit¹
in die, non offendit, quia lucem hujus mundi videt ; si
autem ambulaverit¹ in nocte, offendit, quia lux non est in
eo." Haec ait, et post haec dixit eis : " Lazarus amicus
noster dormit ; sed vado ut a somno excitem eum ."
Dixerunt ergo discipuli ejus : " Domine, si dormit, salvus
erit.2" Dixerat autem Jesus de morte ejus ; illi autem
putaverunt quia de dormitione somni³ diceret. Tunc ergo
Jesus dixit eis manifeste : " Lazarus mortuus est ; et
gaudeo propter vos, ut credatis, quoniam non eram ibi.
Sed eamus ad eum." Dixit ergo Thomas, qui dicitur
Didymus, ad condiscipulos : " Eamus et nos, ut moriamur
cum eo."
Vēnit itaque Jesus, et invēnit eum quatuor dies jam in
monumento habentem . (Erat autem Bethania juxta
Jerosolymam quasi stadiis quindecim. ) Multi autem ex
Judaeis venerant ad Martham et Mariam, ut consolarentur
eas de fratre suo. Martha ergo ut audivit quia Jesus
vēnit, occurrit illi ; Maria autem domi sedebat. Dixit
ergo Martha ad Jesum : " Domine, si fuisses hic, frater
meus non fuisset mortuus. Sed et nunc scio quia quae-
cumque poposceris a Deo, dabit tibi Deus." Dicit illi
Jesus : " Resurget frater tuus.”5 Dicit ei Martha : “ Scio
quia resurget in resurrectione in novissimo die." Dixit ei
Jesus : " Ego sum resurrectio et vita ; qui credit in me,
etiam si mortuus fuerit, vivet ; et omnis qui vivit et credit
in me, non morietur in aeternum. Credis hoc ?" Ait illi :
"Utique, Domine, ego credidi quia tu es Christus, Filius
103 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Dei vivi, qui in hunc mundum venisti." Et cum (when)

haec dixisset, abiit, et vocavit Mariam, sororem suam ,"
silentio, dicens : " Magister adest, et vocat te." Illa ut
audivit, surgit cito, et venit ad eum. Nondum enim
venerat Jesus in castellum ; sed erat ad huc in illo loco,
ubi occurrerat ei Martha. Judaei ergo qui erant cum eā
in domo, et consolabantur eam, cum vidissent Mariam
quia cito surrexit et exiit, secuti sunt eam, dicentes :
"Quia vadit ad monumentum, ut ploret tibi. " Maria ergo,
cum venisset ubi erat Jesus, videns eum, cecidit ad pedes
ejus, et dicit ei : "'Domine, si fuisses hic, non esset
mortuus frater meus." Jesus ergo, ut vidit eam plor-
antem, et Judaeos, qui venerant cum ea , plorantes,
infremuit spiritu, et turbavit seipsum, et dixit : “ Ubi
posuistis eum ?”7 Dicunt ei : " Domine, vēni, et vide."
Et lacrymatus est Jesus. Dixerunt ergo Judaei : " Ecce
quomodo amabat eum." Quidam autem ex ipsis dixerunt :
"Non poterat hic, qui aperuit oculos caeci nati, facère ut
hic non moreretur ?" Jesus ergo rursum fremens in
semetipso,⁹ věnit ad monumentum ; erat autem spelunca,
et lapis superpositus erat ei. Ait Jesus : "Tollite
lapidem. "10 Dicit ei Martha, soror ejus qui mortuus
fuerat : " Domine, jam foetet, quatriduanus est enim.”
Dicit ei Jesus : " Nonne dixi tibi quoniam si credideris,
videbis gloriam Dei. " Tulerunt ergo lapidem ; Jesus
autem elevatis sursum oculis, ¹¹ dixit : " Pater, gratias ago
tibi quoniam audisti me. Ego autem sciebam quia semper
me audis ; sed propter populum, qui circumstat, dixi, ut
credant quia tu me misisti." Haec cum dixisset, voce
magnā clamavit : " Lazare, věni foras." Et statim prodiit
qui fuerat mortuus, ligatus pedes et manus institis, et
facies illius sudario erat ligata. Dixit eis Jesus : " Solvite
" 12
eum, et sinite abire."
Multi ergo ex Judaeis, qui venerant ad Mariam et
Martham, et viderant quae fecit Jesus, crediderunt in eum.
 DELECTUS. 109

Quidam autem ex ipsis abiērunt ad Pharisaeos , et dixerunt

eis quae fecit Jesus. -JOAN. xi.

¹ See § 135. 2 Salvus erit, he shall do well. De dormitione somni, of

taking rest in sleep. 4 Domi, in the house, at home ; see § 16, note.
5 See § 134. • See § 87. 7 See § 129, b. 8 See § 129, a. In se-met-ipяo,
in Himself. The suffix-met-is added to various Pronouns to strengthen
their meaning. 10 See § 138, a. 11 An Ablative Ab olute ; see § 126, a.
12 See § 139.

EXERCISE XXXVI.

The Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen.

Apprehend-o, di, sum, ĕre, 3, to paterfamilias, a householder (Gen.,

take. patrisfamilias ; Dat., patrifa-
appropinqu-o, milias, & c.).
draw near. avi, atum, are, 1, to perd-o, Idi, Itum, ĕre, 3, to destroy.
caed-o, cěcid-i, caes-um, caed-ĕre, pěrěgre, adv., into a far country.
3, to beat. plant-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to plant.
circumd-o, děd-i, dăt-um, d-ăre, to plus, plur-is, more.
put around. prior, prior-is, the first.
ejic-io, ejēc-i, eject-um, ejic-ĕre, 3, profectus est, went, set out, 3, s.
to cast out. perf. of proficiscor.
extra, prep. with acc., out of. redd-o, idi, Itum, ère, to render.
fōdit, digged, 3, sing. perf. indic, of sep-es, is, 3, f., a hedge.
fodio. temp-us, Ŏris, 3, n. , season.
intra, prep. with acc., among, torcular, āris, 3, n., a wine-press.
within turr-is, is, 3, f. , a tower ( acc., im).
loc-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to let or ver-eor, Itus sum, ēri, 2, dep., to
hire out. reverence.
male, adv. , wickedly, wretchedly. vero, and.
novissime, superl. adv., from nove, vine-a, ae, 1, f., a vineyard.
last of all.
Homo erat paterfamilias, qui plantavit vineam, et sepem
circumdedit ei, et fōdit in eā torcular, et aedificavit turrim ,
et locavit eam agricolis, et peregre profectus est. Cum
autem tempus fructuum appropinquasset,¹ misit servos
suos ad agricolas, ut acciperent fructus ejus. Et agricolae,
apprehensis servis ejus,² alium cecīdērunt, alium occiderunt,
alium vero lapidāvērunt. Iterum misit alios servos plures
prioribus,3 et fecerunt illis similiter. Novissime autem misit
ad eos filium suum dicens : " Verebuntur filium meum."
Agricolae autem videntes filium , dixerunt intra se : " Hic
est heres ; venite, occidamus eum , et habebimus hereditatem
 110 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

ejus." Et apprehensum eum ejecerunt extra vineam, et

occiderunt. Cum ergo venerit dominus vineae, quid faciet
agricolis illis ? Aiunt illi : " Malos male perdet, et vineam
suam locabit aliis agricolis, qui reddant ei fructum temp-
oribus suis."- MATT. xxi., 33-41 .
1 Appropinquasset = appropinquavisset ; see § 60. 2 Apprehensis servis
ejus, took his servants. An Abl. Abs. ; see § 126, a. 3 Piures prioribus,
more than the first ; see § 125. Agricolae autem videntes filium, but
when the husbandmen saw the son ; see § 141, Et apprehensum eum,
and they caught him ; see § 141. • Venerit, fut. perf. of venio, to be
translated by an English present ; see § 135. Malos male perdet, he will
miserably destroy (those) wicked men.

EXERCISE XXXVII.
Joseph's Two Dreams.
Ador-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to make numquid, used in asking a ques
obeisance to. tion when the answer " no " is
consider-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to expected.
observe. pacifice, adv., peaceably.
consurg-o, rex-i, rect-um, surg-ĕre, polymit-us, a, um, ofmany colours.
3, to rise. res, rei, 5, f., a thing, the saying.
dit-io, onis, 3, f., dominion. retulisset, had told, 3, sing. plup.
eo quod, because. subj . ofrefĕr-o, tŭli, latum, ferre,
genuisset, had begotten, 3, sing. to relate, report.
plup. subj. of gign-o, gen-ui, senect-us, ūtis, 3, f., old age.
gen-Itum, gign-ĕre, 3, to beget. somni-um, 2, n., a dream ; somnium
increp-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to videre, to dream a dream.
rebuke. stell-a, 1, f., a star.
Israel, Israel. subjic-io, jeci, jectum, jicĕre, 3,
lig-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to bind. to put under.
lun-a, ae, 1, f., the moon. tacitus, in silence.
manipul-us, i, 2, m., a sheaf. tunic-a, 1, f. , a coat.
narr-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to relate. undecim, eleven.
vero, conj., but.
Israel autem diligebat Joseph super omnes filios suos, eo
quod in senectute genuisset eum ; fecitque ei tunicam
polymitam. Videntes autem fratres ejus quod a patre
plus cunctis filiis amaretur, oderant¹ eum, nec poterant
ei quidquam pacifice loqui. "
Dixitque ad eos : "Audite somnium meum quod vidi :
Putabam nos ligare³ manipulos in agro, et quasi consurgère
manipulum meum, et stare, vestrosque manipulos circum-
stantes adorare manipulum meum." Responderunt fratres
 DELECTUS. 111

ejus : " Numquid rex noster eris ? aut subjiciemur ditioni

tuae ?"5
Aliud quoque vidit somnium, quod narrans fratribus,
ait : " Vidi per somnium, quasi solem et lunam et stellas
undecim adorare me." Quod cum patri suo et fratribus
retulisset, increpavit eum pater suus, et dixit : " Quid
sibi vult hoc somnium quod vidisti ? num ego et mater
tua et fratres tui adorabimus te super terram ?"
Invidebant ei igitur fratres sui pater vero rem tacitus
considerabat.8-GEN. Xxxvii.
1 Oderant eum, they hated him ; see § 79, 5. 2 Nec poterant ei quidquam
pacifice loqui, and could not speak peaceably unto him. Accusative with
Infinitive ; see § 112. Numquid rex noster eris ? Shalt thou be our king ?
or, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? 5 Subjiciemur ditioni tuae? Shall we
be subjected to thy dominion ? or, Shalt thou indeed reign over us?
6 Quid sibi vult hoc somnium quod vidisti ? What is this dream that thou
hast dreamed ? 7 See § 102, k. 8 Pater vero rem tacitus considerabat, but
his father observed the saying in silence.

EXERCISE XXXVIII.

Jacob sendeth Joseph to visit his brethren, who conspire his death.
Anim-a, ae, 1, f., life, the soul. nit-or, nixus sum, 3, to strive.
antequam, adv., before. pec-us, oris, 3, n., a flock.
appar eo, ui itum, ere , 2, to appear. perg-o, perrex-i, perrect-um, perg-
at, conj., and. ĕre, 3, to go.
cistern-a, ae, 1, f., a pit. praesto, adv., here, ready.
cogit-o, avi, atum, are, 1 , to conspire. procul, adv., afar off.
devor-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to devour. projic-io, jec-i, ject-um, jicĕre, 3,
in Dothain, to Dothan. to cast.
effund-o, effüd-i, effüs-um, effund- prosper-a, 2, n., pl., prosperity,
ĕre, 3, to shed. good fortune.
erga, prep. with acc., with. prōsum, profui, prodesse, to profit,
erip-io, erip-ui, erept-um, erip-ĕre, to benefit; see § 41, Obs.
3, to rid, deliver. reced-o, cess-i, cess-um, ced-ĕre, 3,
err-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to wander. to depart.
fer-a, ae, 1, f., a wild animal ; fera reddere, to deliver ; see also Vocab.
pessima, an evil beast. to Ex xxxvi.
Hebron, Hebron. renunti-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to bring
indic-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to tell. word again.
innoxi-us, a, um, freefrom guilt. Ruben, Reuben.
interfic-io, feci, fect-um, fic-ère, 3, serv-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to preserve,
to destroy, kill. keep.
liber-o, avi, atum, are, 1, to deliver. Sichem, Shechem.
mutuo, one to another. solitud-o, inis, 3, f. , a wilderness.
mor-or, atus sum, ari, 1, dep., to vall-is, is, 3, f. , a vále.
tarry. vet-us, vet-eris, old.
112 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Cumque fratres illius in pascendis gregibus patris

morarentur in Sichem, Dixit ad eum Israel : " Fratres
tui pascunt oves in Sichimis ; věni, mittam te ad eos."
Quo respondente,¹ " Praesto sum,” ait ei : " Vade, et vide
si cuncta prospera sint erga fratres tuos, et pecòra ; ² et
renuntia mihi quid agatur."3
Missus de valle Hebron, venit in Sichem ; invenitque
eum vir errantem in agro, et interrogavit quid quaereret.
At ille respondit : " Fratres meos quaero ; indica mihi ubi
pascant greges." Dixitque ei vir : " Recesserunt de loco
isto ; audivi autem eos dicentes : 'Eamus in Dothain.' ”
Perrexit ergo Joseph post fratres suos, et invēnit eos in
Dothain.
Qui cum vidissent eum procul, antequam accederet ad
eos, cogitaverunt illum occidere ; et mutuo loquebantur :
" Ecce somniator venit ; venite, occidamus eum, et mitt-
amus in cisternam veterem, dicemusque : Fera pessima
devoravit eum ; et tunc apparebit quid illi prosint somnia
sua. 5", Audiens autem hoc Ruben, nitebatur liberare eum
de manibus eorum, et dicebat : " Non interficiatis animam
ejus, nec effundatis sanguinem ; sed projicite eum in
cisternam hanc, quae est in solitudine, manūsque vestras
servate innoxias." Hoc autem dicebat, volens eripere eum
de manibus eorum, et reddĕre patri suo.
¹ Quo respondente, an Ablative Absolute ; see § 126. 2 Vide si cuncta
prospera sint erga fratres tuos, et pecora, see whether it be well with thy
brethren, and (their) flocks. 3 Et renuntia mihi quid agatur, and
bring me word again. Missus, he sent him ; literally, sent. See § 141.
Quid illi prosint somnia sua, what will become of his dreams.
PART III .- EXERCISES .

H
 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Part III.—EXERCISES.

N.B. For the Latin words required in the following exercises consult
the Vocabularies of the corresponding exercises in Part II.
Words placed within brackets are not to be translated.

EXERCISE I.
1. Good fathers.¹ 2. Good mothers. 3. A good man.
4. A bad mother. 5. Good brothers. 6. A deceitful
brother. 7. Foolish mothers. 8. Foolish men.
9. Sacred temples. 10. Good shepherds. 11. A beloved
daughter. 12. All men. 13. All temples. 14. All sacred
temples. 15. A high wall. 16. A short law.
¹ Adjectives are generally placed after the Nouns they qualify.

EXERCISE II.

1. Long letters. 2. A good book. 3. Large books.

4. Many tables. 5. Many long tables. 6. Many long
walls. 7. A good girl. 8. All good women. 9. Good
works. 10. All good works. 11. A high mountain. 12.
A black horse.
116 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

13. All eyes. 14. All places. 15. All false witnesses .
16. Many angels. 17. Every angel . 18. Every law. 19 .
All good laws. 20. A short way. 21. A powerful king.
22. Good daughters . 23. All brave soldiers . 24. Beloved
sons.

EXERCISE III.

1. Very high mountains. 2. Most learned men. 3.

Very useful books. 4. A very high wall. 5. Higher walls.
6. Longer letters. 7. Longer wars. 8. The best men.
9. The most powerful kings. 10. A most wretched mother.
11. A most unhappy woman. 12. A longer way.
13. The bravest soldiers . 14. The longest tables. 15.
A most beautiful woman. 16. The longest wars. 17.
Many beautiful animals. 18. All the most beautiful
animals. 19. All the black horses. 20. Many very long
tables. 21. Many high trees. 22. All the highest trees.
23. Many unhappy women. 24. A very learned man.

EXERCISE IV.

1. One man. 2. One woman. 3. One body. 4. Two

masters. 5. Two names. 6. Two nights. 7. The third
boy. 8. Seven tables. 9. The tenth table. 10. Five
boys. 11. Two girls. 12. The sixth man.
13. Two angels. 14. The fourth woman. 15. The
fifteenth part. 16. The second table. 17. Two bodies.
18. Five animals. 19. Four thousand. 20. Two thousand.
21. The fifth day. 22. The second day. 23. The seventh
day. 24. Two scribes.
 EXERCISES. 117

EXERCISE V.

1. Our father.¹ 2. Our mother. 3. Our friends. 4.

His book. 5. My voice. 6. My daughters. 7. My sons.
8. These gifts.2 9. My brother. 10. This brave soldier.
11. This long table. 12. All these men. 13. Thy gifts.
14. My masters. 15. Each woman. 16. Certain women.
17. All thy words. 18. All thy works. 19. Your reward.
20. Our bodies. 21. Your gifts. 22. Our God. 23. Our
hope. 24. Our houses. 25. Certain men. 26. My long
letters. 27. These cities. 28. All my letters. 29. My
voice.

¹ Possessive Pronouns generally followthe Nouns to which they belong

Demonstrative Pronouns stand before the Nouns they point out, as
in English.

EXERCISE VI.
1. The fear of man.¹ 2. The sons of men. 3. The eyes
of lords . 4. The eyes of masters . 5. The brothers of
the lord. 6. The boy's brother.2 7. Flocks of lambs .
8. My friend's eyes. 9. The hands of men . 10. My
hand. 11. The master's book. 12. The girl's books.
13. The master's lambs. 14. The king's garden. 15. The
son's friend. 16. Men's eyes. 17. Men's voices.
18. The man's daughter. 19. The master's voice. 20.
Five thousand men.³ 21. Seven thousand boys. 22. The
king's house. 23. This man's son. 24. This boy's book.
25. Horses' eyes. 26. The girl's letter. 27. The master's
life. 28. The gates of the city. 29. Men's hands. 30.
These men's horses. 31. Each girl's voice. 32. The third
part of the city.
1 The Genitive usually follows the Noun it depends upon. 2 See
Grun. § 8 (2). 3 See § 25 (3). + Sce § 16.
118 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE VII.

1. (We) are men.¹ 2. The kings are good. 3. The way

is short. 4. (Ye) are shepherds. 5. Laws are good. 6.
(We) are not shepherds. 7. God is good. 8. The Saviour
is the light of the world. 9. (Ye) are mortal. 10. My
father is a shepherd . 11. God is my hope. 12. (We) are
mortal. 13. Thou art the King of the Jews. 14. This
is my beloved Son. 15. (We) are boys.
1 See §§ 90, 94.

EXERCISE VIII.
1. Christ is the Son of God. 2. Where is my son ? 3.
(We) are the sons of a husbandman. 4. (We) are not spies.
5. (I) am not a spy. 6. The temples are splendid. 7.
The wicked are not happy. 8. (We) have been diligent.
9. Books are useful. 10. The way is short. 11. This life
is short. 12. Where is thy father ? 13. The soldiers will
be brave.

EXERCISE IX.

1. The father loves (his) sons.1 2. Husbandmen plough .

3. The husbandman was ploughing. 4. Birds fly. 5. We
love God. 6. They call us. 7. (They) build houses. 8.
The boys were swearing. 9. Masters praise good boys.
10. Masters do not praise bad boys. 11. The boys pray.
12. He praises God.
13. They praise the Lord. 14. The master loves him.
15. The husbandman cries-out. 16. The girl was singing.
17. The virgins were singing. 18. The girls cry-out. 19.
Fathers praise (their) sons. 20. Mothers praise (their)
 EXERCISES. 119

daughters. 21. The father gives books to the boys. 22 .

The husbandmen give houses to (their) sons. 23. The
king enters the city. 24. The birds sing upon the
trees.2
25. Sailors do not build houses. 26. Husbandmen do
not fight. 27. The sailors give birds to the virgins. 28.
Soldiers do not plough the fields. 29. The sailors were
singing. 30. The soldiers sing. 31. (We) plough the
fields. 32. (We) give books to the masters. 33. (We)
were walking in the garden. 34. The father loves (his)
daughter. 35. The daughters love (their) father. 36.
The brothers build houses. 37. The boys used-to-swear."
38. The virgin prays. 39. The father calls his son. 40.
I do not love thee.
1 In translating simple sentences, place the Latin words in the follow-
ing order : 1. The Nominative with the words dependent on it. 2. The
Accusative. 3. The Verb ; as, Pater meus filias amat, my father loves (his)
daughters. 2 See § 119. 3 The Imperfect Tense is used when we wish to
speak of an habitual action, or what was wont to be done ; see § 131.

EXERCISE X

1. (They) have built houses. 2. (They) will love us.

3. The girls will walk through the city.¹ 4. (We) have
called the boys. 5. The foolish (men) have built houses
upon the sand, 6. The husbandmen will swear. 7. (We)
have sinned. 8. The father will give books to (his) sons.
9. Who calls me ? 10. Who called us ? 11. (I) shall give
the book to the boy. 12. The soldiers have entered the
city. 13. (We) had walked through the city.
14. (We) hoped. 15. The son had sinned. 16. (They)
had sinned. 17. The father himself will love us. 18
The foolish (men) had hoped. 19. Foolish (men) wil
120 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

build houses. 20. The virgin will sing. 21. The husband-
men will plough. 22. The Lord will love His people. 23.
The foolish daughters had sinned. 24. The husbandmen
will have walked through the fields.

1 Per, through, governs the Accusative ; see § 75. 2 See § 128.

EXERCISE XI.

1. Let the boys pray. 2. Let (them) love God. 3.

(They) would have built houses. 4. Let us love (our)
masters. 5. About to pray. 6. Let us walk through the
city. 7. Let all (men) honour the Lord . 8. Let him watch
and pray for us. 9. Watching and praying (sing.). 10.
Soldiers fighting. 11. Husbandmen ploughing. 12. Boys
walking. 13. Girls singing.
14. Let us pray without ceasing. 15. Boys ploughing
fields. 16. Brothers praying for us. 17. Of praying. 18.
Of walking. 19. By praying. 20. Let us hope. 21. Let
us give books to the girls. 22. Love (thou) the good
(masc. plur.). 23. Let the daughters sing.
24. The virgins may sing. 25. The wind might blow.
26. The winds might blow. 27. Call (thou) the boys. 28.
To love good (things).¹ 29. To have loved good (men).
30. I might have loved. 31. By loving. 32. Let the boys
love (their) teachers. 33. O, my friends, love the Lord !
34. Let them praise the name of the Lord. 35. Praise
(ye) the Lord. 36. It is a good (thing) to praise the name
of the Lord.

1 Neuter plural of bonus, a, um -bona, good things. 2 Bonum est, it is

good thing. § 128.
 EXERCISES. 121

EXERCISE XII.

1. The master sees. 2. God sees you. 3. The masters

see. 4. The boy has a book. 5. The boys have books.
6. The father was teaching (his) daughters . 7. They-who
have the Son of God have life : they-who have not the
Son of God have not life. 8. They-who fear God do not
fear man. 9. (We) have a father and a mother. 10. (We)
see the poor. 11. Blessed are all they that fear God.
12. How many books have (you) ? Two. 13. How
many birds do (you) see ? Fourteen, and three foxes. 14.
The boys have birds. 15. The masters have books. 16.
Books teach us. 17. God sees me. 18. The birds fly.
19. Masters teach boys. 20. The bird has a nest. 21.
The blind (man) does not see. 22. Bad (men) fear death.
23. Bad boys fear (their) masters. 24. Dost thou fear
the master ? 25. Jesus was teaching the people.

EXERCISE XII .

1. The father has taught (his) daughters. 2. The

mother had warned (her) son. 3. The teacher has advised
the boy. 4. We saw you (plur.) . 5. (They) have seen.
6. (We) saw the boy under a tree. 7. (They) saw lions
under the trees. 8. God will see us. 9. (We) shall see
my father. 10. (They) had seen the Lord. 11. The king
has seen the city. 12. The lion has not hurt the man,
13. (I) shall remain there (for) two days.
122 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE XIV.
1. Fear (ye) God. 2. Let us fear the Lord. 3. O,
master, teach these boys ! 4. O, mother, teach these
girls ! 5. O, masters, teach us ! 6. (We) are mortal ;
therefore we ought to fear death. 7. Boy, fill the water-
pot with water.
8. Let the women fill the waterpots with water. 9.
Fear (ye) the Lord, my sons, and the king. 10. The
masters would have taught these boys. 11. The good
mothers will have advised (their) daughters. 12. Let the
boy have this book. 13. They fear men, let them fear the
Lord. 14. They ought to fear God. 15. To teach boys.
16. To have taught girls.

EXERCISE XV.

1. The boys read. 2. The girls write. 3. (We) run.

4. The boys were running. 5. The two sisters are playing.
6. The boy learns. 7. The horses were running. 8. He
is reading a letter. 9. The boy is feeding sheep. 10.
Kings drink wine. 11. The girls used-to-drink water.
12. (Ye) write letters.
13. (They) neither write nor read. 14. Who writes this
letter ? 15. Husbandmen feed sheep and oxen. 16. The
masters say. 17. The masters used-to-say.¹ 18. The
boys run into the city. 19. The boy loves his sister. 20.
My father feeds sheep upon the mountains.² 21. We
drink wine ye drink water.³ 22. The husbandmen were-
feeding sheep upon the mountains. 23. The horses were-
running through the fields. 24. The king sends a scribe.
1 Used to say, dicebant; see § 131. Upon the mountains, in montibus;
see § 75. 3 See § 93.
 EXERCISES. 123

EXERCISE XVI.
1. We have read thy letters. 2. (We) said. 3. The boy
has written a letter. 4. The girls have written letters.
5. (I) shall rise-again. 6. (They) will rise- again. 7. The
father led (his) daughter into the city. 8. The husband-
men will feed (their) sheep and oxen upon the mountains.
9. The shepherds were feeding (their) flocks. 10. What
shall the boys eat ? 11. What shall the girls drink ?
12. Who wrote these letters ? 13. Boys will learn. 14.
The shepherd has written a letter (with) his-own hand.
15. (I) have read these books. 16. The pupils will read
this book. 17. The boy has said. 18. The pupils have
written letters to-day. 19. (We) have read the letters
which you wrote. 20. (I) had drunk water. 21. The
husbandmen will not drink wine.

EXERCISE XVII.
1. Read (ye) these books. 2. Let them read. 3. Let
them write. 4. Let us read good books. 5. Let us write
long letters. 6. Feed (ye) my sheep. 7. Let them feed
my lambs. 8. Give me a letter. 9. Let us love (our)
enemies. 10. Let us honour all men ; let us love the
brotherhood ; let us fear God ; and let us honour the
king. 11. What he has seen the scribe has written in a
book. 12. They-all desired to see me.
13. To live well is to live twice : let us live well. 14.
(We) love to read good books. 15. It is not easy to read.
16. It is not easy to plough a field. 17. It is not easy to
write a long letter. 18. (He) learns by teaching. 19.
Boys do not learn by playing. 20. The boys read, that
they may learn. 21. Let the boys read, that they may
learn. 22. Give me this book. 23. The master teaches
the boys that they may learn to read this book.
124 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE XVIII.

1. The boys sleep. 2. (We) come. 3. Who has come ?

4. The boys hear. 5. (I) shall hear. 6. The husbandmen
were sleeping. 7. In the fifth year. 8. In the sixth year.
9. (He) came, (he) saw, (he) conquered. 10. (We) came,
(we) saw, (we) conquered. 11. (We) shall come, (we) shall
see, (we) shall conquer.
12. Does he hear ? 13. The master heard a voice. 14.
The girls come. 15. Death will come. 16. Death has
come. 17. The sheep hear the voice of the husbandman.
18. The sheep will hear the shepherd's voice. 19. The
soldiers came into the city. 20. The king used-to-come
into the garden. 21. The master punishes bad boys.
22. (We) praise the good (boys), (we) punish the bad .
23. (We) used-to-sleep. 24. ( I) shall come to you (sing.).
25. The deaf (man) does not hear. 26. (We) hear the
Lord. 27. The father will bury his son to-day. 28. (We)
shall feel the heat of the sun to-day. 29. The king has
buried his daughter to-day. 30. In the second month, on
the second day of the month. 31. In the third month, on
the tenth day of the month.

EXERCISE XIX.

1. Let the boys come. 2. (We) desire to come to you

(sing.). 3. Come (ye) into my garden. 4. Let the boy
open the gate. 5. James would have opened the gate.
6. I should have come to you (sing.). 7. Open (ye) the
book. 8. O boys, come hither. 9. Let the pupils come
into the master's garden .
 EXERCISES. 125

EXERCISE XX.

1. The field will be ploughed. 2. The masters will

always be loved by (their) pupils.¹ 3. We are never
praised you are often praised (plur.). 4. The man will
be judged. 5. Fathers are loved by (their) sons. 6. The
wicked will be punished : the good will be praised. 7.
The field is ploughed . 8. The fields have been ploughed. '
9. Good boys are praised : bad boys are blamed.
10. The girl was praised (perf.) by (her) mother. 11.
Houses have been built. 12. A good master will always
be loved by (his) pupils. 13. The masters are loved . 14.
Good (people) are loved by good (men). 15. The times
will be changed : and we shall be changed in them. 16.
We are praised by good (men) : we are blamed by the
wicked. 17. The men may be judged. 18. He is blamed
by this (man) : he is praised by that (man).

1 When the person by whom is to be expressed, the preposition a or ab

must be used. 2 See § 90.

EXERCISE XXI.

1. The boy is taught by a diligent master. 2. Let the

boy be carefully taught. 3. Thou wast taught by the
master. 4. The wicked will be feared ; the good will be
loved. 5. The good are not feared. 6. The daughters are
taught by (their) mother ; the sons by (their) father. 7.
The pupils had been carefully taught. 8. The pupils have
been advised. 9. The girls will be frightened. 10. The
boys are not frightened.
 126 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

EXERCISE XXII.
1. Good books are read. 2. Letters will be sent. 3.
These books will be read by all boys. 4. Let the thieves
be crucified. 5. Pilate crucified the two thieves. 6. The
two thieves were crucified by Pilate. 7. A letter has been
written. 8. A letter had been sent. 9. He was sent by
the king. 10. The girl was led to (her) mother . 11. The
soldiers have been conquered . 12. Letters will be sent.

EXERCISE XXIII.

1. (We) are heard. 2. The girls are clothed. 3. The

boys and girls will be clothed . 4. These pupils have been
carefully instructed . 5. Let the wicked (man) be punished.
6. The bodies had been buried . 7. These boys have been
punished by the master. 8. Wicked men are punished by
God. 9. Let these bodies be buried. 10. Voices are
heard. 11. A voice was heard (perf.). 12. Voices had
been heard.

1
EXERCISE XXIV.

1. God made all things. 2. What shall we do? 3. The

birds make (their) nests. 4. What has (he) done ? 5. The
enemy (pl.) will flee. 6. The husbandman will dig. 7.
(We) have received letters. 8. (We) shall receive many
letters. 9. God made the earth. 10. (They) will receive
many other things. 11. To receive letters. 12. To have
received many letters.
 EXERCISES . 127

EXERCISE XXV.

1. (We) cannot read. 2. This husbandman can plough.

3. (We) cannot understand. 4. (They) cannot write. 5.
Can (they) plough ? 6. Can (you, sing.) read ? 7. Masters
wish to be loved. 8. (We) do not wish to live. 9. Let
(us) go into the city. 10. Can (they) teach ? 11. (They)
cannot dig. 12. Little girls cannot close the gates. 13.
The husbandman wished (imperf.) to sleep.
14. The masters are always present. 15. Boys become
learned by learning.¹ 16. They are coming to close the
2
gates. 17. They came to close the gates.3 18. They have
come to close the gates. 19. Let them come that they
may close the gates. 20. They had come that they might
close the gates. 21. The boys have gone into the city.
22. O, husbandmen, take the stones away. 23. He has
taken the stones away. 24. Go home, boys ; we will
remain. 25. O, boys, do not drink wine !5 26. That the
boys may become learned."

Learned, docti ; by learning, discendo. 2 Say, that they may close

the gates ; see Sentences 16-20, in Latin Exercise xxv. 3 Say, that they
might close. Say, that they may close. Not, with the Imperative, is
translated by ne: Ne bibite, do not drink. • See § 94.

EXERCISE XXVI.

1. We exhort the men. 2. (He) exhorted (his) son. 3.

The king exhorted the soldiers. 4. To pity the man
(gen.). 1 5. To exhort men. 6. To imitate the wicked.
7. (They) have done all (things) well. 8. (We) will follow
thee. 9. Let them eat and drink. 10. All (men) will die.
11. (We) will return into the city. 12. Deaf (men) do not
hear ; blind (men) do not see ; dumb (men) do not speak ;
128 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

13. The dumb cannot speak. 14. The masters exhort

(their) pupils. 15. We reverence (our) parents. 16. The
boy died yesterday. 17. The parents of this boy died
yesterday.
1 Sce § 98. 2 Say, the dumb are not able to speak ; non possunt.

EXERCISE XXVII.
1. He pities the man.¹ 2. He is weary of life. 3. I
pity this boy. 3 4. He pities me. 5. He will be ashamed
of the deed. 6. Let him be ashamed of the deed. 7. We
pity that man. 8. I am ashamed of my carelessness.5 9.
He pities them. 10. We ought to learn. 11. I ought to
worship God. 12. We ought to reverence (our) parents.
1 Say, it-pities him of the man. 2 Say, it-irks him of life. 3 Say, it-
pities me of this boy. Say, it-will-shame him of the deed. Say, it-
shames me of my carelessness. Say, it-behoves us to-learn.

EXERCISE XXVIII.
1. We hate the wicked. 2. The men hate us. 3. Bad
men hate me. 4. To remember me.¹ 5. To hate the
wicked. 6. (Ye) know my friend. 7. (We) shall know
your friends. 8. Fare (ye) well.
1 See § 98.

EXERCISE XXIX.
1. (We) were walking out-of-doors. 2. (He) has written
many letters to-day. 3. A deaf man cannot hear.¹ 4.
Let him come hither. 5. The boy runs quickly.2 6. Let
the boys run quickly. 7. (We) have received many letters
 EXERCISES. 129

to-day, all carefully written. 8. (We) will go into the city

again. 9. Where have they laid him ? 3 10. I shall write
a letter to-morrow. 11. The soldier fights bravely. 12.
This soldier will fight very bravely. 13. Let the soldier
fight bravely. 14. This letter is very badly written.
¹ Cannot, is not able, non potest. 2 Quickly, celeriter. 3 See § 129, b.

EXERCISE XXX:

1. The king was walking in the garden. 2. (He) has

built a house in the city. 3. The soldiers will walk
through the city. 4. Let them come to me. 5. Come (ye)
into my garden. 6. The master is loved by (his) pupils.
7. They are praised by these ; they are blamed by those.
8. (We) will go into the house of the Lord. 9. Farewell,
boys.

I
 INDEX TO VOCABULARIES.

LATIN WORDS.

NOTE.-The figures refer to the Vocabularies in which the words are first
given.

ascendo, 17 condemno, 25
audio, 18 confero, 25
A, ab, 20 auris, 19 contentus, 17, 21
absorptus, 22 aut, 12 cor, 25
accipio, 24 autem, 12, 20 coram , 10
ad, 15 avis, 9 cornus, 4
adolescens , 18 corona, 6
adoro, 9 corpus, 4
adsum, 25 B cras, 26
aedifico, 9 creator, 6
aetas , 25 Beatus, 8, 12 credo, 16
aeternitas , 25 bellum, 2 creo, 10
ager, 9 bene, 17 cresco, 15
agnus , 6 benedictio, 24 crucifigo, 17
ago, 22 benedictus, 22 crux, 25
agricola, 7 bibo, 15 culpo, 20
albus, 2 bis, 17 cum (with), 18
alius, 5 bonus, 1 cum (when), 26
alter, 19 brevis, 1 cunctus, 26
altus, 1 cupio, 17
ambulo, 9 curro, 15
amicus, 5 currus, 6
amo, 9
an, 23 Caecus , 12
angelus, 2 calor, 6 D
animal, 2 canis, 26
annulus, 25 canto, 9
annus , 18 caritas, 8 Da, 17
Antiochia, 8 carus, 19 dare, 24
aperio, 18 certus, 7, 20 datum, 20
aqua , 2 Christus, 6 de, 26
aratus , 20 cito, 20 bebeo, 14
arbor, 3 clamo, 9 delecto, 20
arena, 10 claudo , 25 dens, 26
aro, 9 coelum, 10 desertus, 22
ars, 14 cognosco, 26 desum, 25
132 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

Deus, 5 F improbus, 23
dic, 17 in, 9, 10, 15
dicens , 26 Fac, 24 incertus, 7
facilis, 3 infelix, 3
dico, 15 facio, 24 initium, 6
dies, 4, 9 factum , 27 intelligo, 25
difficilis, 3 fert fructum, 25 interdum, 27
dignus, 19 ficus , 13 intermissio, 11
dilectus, 1 interrogo, 16
diligens, 17, 21 filia, 2 intro, 9
diligenter, 19 filius, 1 invenio , 19
diligo, 15 finio, 23 invitatus, 20
dimitto, 26 flamma, 24 ipse , 10
discedo, 17 flo, 9 Ismaeliti , 28
disciplina , 19 fluo , 15
fodio , 24 iste, 5
discipulus , 16, 17 formo, 25
disco, 15 fortis, 2
divinitas, 24 fortitudo , 24 J
do, 9 fovea, 12
doceo, 12 frater, 1 Jacobus , 19
doctus, 3 fructus, 25 jam non, 20
Dominus, 6 Joannes, 19
domus, 5 fruor, 26 Judaei, 6
donum , 5 fugio, 24 judico , 10
dormio, 18 juro, 9
duco, 16
ductus, 22
dulcis, 7 L
duo, 4 Gens , 5
gladius, 19 Labor, 1
gloria, 24 laboro, 25
grex, 6 lapido , 25
lapis, 25
latro , 22
H laudo, 9
legio, 21
Habeo, 12 lego, 15
Ecce , 15 heri, 26 leo, 13
Ecclesia, 8 Herodes, 27 lex, 1
edo, 27 hic (this), 5 liber, 2
egeo, 13 hic (here), 26 litera , 22
ego, 15 hinc, 25 locus, 2
eligo, 16 hodie, 16 longus , 2
emo, 27 homo, 1 luceo, 12
enim, 12 honor, 8 lucerna , 13
epistola , 2 honoro, 11 ludo, 15
equus , 2 hora, 18 lumen, 13
ergo, 11 hortus , 4 luna, 6
erro, 10 hostis, 22 lux, 6
erudio , 19
esuriens , 19 huc, 19
esurio, 18 humilio, 20 M
et, 7, 28 hydria, 13
et-et, 26 Magi, 19
ex, 16 I magister, 4
exalto, 20 magnus, 2
excelsus, 2 majestas , 19
exeo , 26 Ignis, 24 malus , 1o
expedit, 27 ille, 5 manduc , 16
explorator , 8 impius , 8
exspecto , 11 impleo, 13 maneo , 13
 VOCABULARIES. 133

mansio, 7 occisus , 24
manus, 6 oculus, 2
mater, 1 omnis, 1 Quaero, 23
melius, 20 oneratus , 25 que, 25
mendax, 1, 2 operarius , 21 qui, 12
mendico, 24 optimus, 3 quia, 10, 20, 28
mensa, 2 opus , 2 quidam, 5
mensis, 9 oratio, 20 quis, 9
merces, 21 Oriens, 19 quo, 16
meus, 5 oro, 9 quod , 27o
miles, 2 ōs, 19 quomodm , 29
minister, 24 ovis, 7 quonia , 23
miser, 3 quot, 12
mitto, 15
moneo, 13
mons, 2
mors, 12 R
mortalis, 7
mucro, 6
mulier, 2 Recte, 10
multus, 2 Palmes, 8 reficio, 25
mundus (clean) , 25 panis, 6, 12 rego, 15
mundus (world), 5 parens, 6 reperio, 23
murus, 1 pars , 4 resurgo, 16
mustum, 21 parvus, 2 rex, 2
muto, 20 pasco , 15 rosa, 4
pastor, 1 rota, 6
pater, 1
paucus , 12
N pauper, 12
pecco, 10 8
Nam , 27 pax, 8
nauta, 9 peccatum, 25
navigo, 9 per, 10, 15 Sacer, 1
nec-nec, 15 pessimus, 3 sacerdotium, 26
negligentia, 27 Pilatus, 16 saepe , 20
nemo, 13 pisciculus, 12 sal, 7
neque , 25 piscis, 24 salvator, 6
nescio, 25 placeo, 23 sanctus, 11, 19
nidus, 12 planto, 27 sanguis , 6
niger, 2 plenus, 21 sapiens, 1
nihil, 25 pono, 25 sapientia, 6, 24
noceo, 13 populus, 3 scio, 18
nolo, 25 porta, 6 scriba, 4
nomen, 1 potens , 1 scribo, 15
non, 12 praeceptor, 10 scriptus, 22
non solum, 12 praemium, 5 se, 15
noster, 5 praetereo, 25 secundum, 24
nox, 4 primus, 6 secundus, 9
nubes, 18 pro, 11 sed, 9, 16
nunc, 16 profundus, 2 sed etiam, 12
nunquam , 20 prohibeo, 25 semper, 9
nuptiae, 20 propheta, 22 sentio, 18
propter, 24 sepelio, 18
puella, 2 septem, 4, 12
puer, 2 septimus, 9
pugno, 9 servus, 19
Obdormio, 18 pulcher, 3 si, 20
occidit sol, 26 punio, 18 sicut, 16
occido, 19 purus, 2 signum, 5
134 THE VULGATE LATIN COURSE.

silva, 15 terra, 6 velut, 12

similiter, 24 terreo, 21 vendo, 27
sine, 11, 25 testis, 2 venio, 18
sino, 25 timeo, 12 venturus, 19
sitio, 18 timor, 6 ventus, 9
sol, 6 tollo, 25 verbum, 5, 25
solvo, 25 totus, 5 veritas, 7
somniator, 18 trado, 17 verus, 7
somnus, 7 transeo, 25 vester, 5
soror, 15 tres, 4 vestio, 23
speratus, 20 tulerunt, 25 via, 2
spero, 10 turba, 26 victoria, 20
spes, 5 turbati sunt, 30 victus, 22
spiritus, 4 tuus, 5 video, 12
splendidus, 8 vigesimus , 9
stella, 4 vigilia, 30
stipendia, 20 U vigilo, 11
stultus, 1, 10 vinco, 15
suadeo, 23 Ubi, 8 vinum, 1
sub, 13 unde, 26 vir, 1
super, 10, 24 unquam, 13, 18 virgo, 9
surdus, 18 unus, 4 virtus, 6, 24
surgo, 17, 25 urbs, 5 vita, 1
sustollo, 25 ut, 11 vitis, 7
suus, 5 uterque, 5 vivens, 26
utilis, 3 vivo, 17
uxor, 27 vivus, 8
VOCO, 9
volo (fly), 9
Taceo, 14 V volucris, 12
tango, 16 voluntas, 24
templum, 1 Vado, 15 Vox, 5
tempus, 2 valde, 20 vulpes, 12

JOHN HEYWOOD, Excelsior Printing and Stationery Works, Hulme Hall

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and yet leaves room here and there for illustration which will interest
the reader, and enable him to grasp the principles more firmly,"- School
Board Chronicle, July 13, 1872.
"Mr. Snith's definitions and explanations are good."-Athenæum.
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