X MATHEMATICS

REVISION WORKSHEET

REAL NUMBERS
1. If LCM of (𝑝, 𝑞) = 6 and HCF (𝑝, 𝑞) = 2 then find (𝑝𝑞)2 . (144)

2. Find the LCM of the smallest composite number and smallest prime number. (4)

3. If the HCF of 85 and 117 is expressible in the form 83 m – 117, then find the value of m.

4. Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72 and 120, using the prime factorization method. (360,6)

5. Find the LCM and HCF of 510 and 92 and verify that LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers. (23460, 2)

6. Find the largest number that divides 1251, 9377 and 15628 leaving remainders 1, 2 and 3, respectively. (625)

7. Find the greatest number that divides 49 and 39 leaving the remainder 4 in each case. (5)

8. What is the smallest number that, when divided by 35,56 and 91 leaves remainders of 7 in each case? (3647)

9. Find the smallest number which when increased by 17 is exactly divisible by both 520 and 468. (4663)

10. Prove that √2, √3, √5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √7 is irrational number

1
11. Prove that is an irrational number
2+√ 3

12. Prove that √3 − √2 is an irrational number.

13. Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 are composite numbers.

14. Show that 12𝑛 cannot end with the digit 0 or 5 for any natural number 𝑛.

15. In a morning walk, three persons step off together and their steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and 45 cm,
respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance in
complete steps? (12240)

16. Two tankers contain 850 litres and 680 litres of kerosene oil respectively. Find the maximum capacity of a
container which can measure the kerosene oil of both the tankers when used an exact number of times. (170)

17. The length, breadth and height of a room are 825 cm, 675 cm and 450 cm respectively. Find the longest tape
which can measure the three dimensions of the room exactly. (75)

18. The traffic light at three different road crossing change after every 48 seconds, 72 seconds and 108 seconds
respectively. If they change simultaneously at 7.00 𝑎𝑚 at what time will they change simultaneously again?
(07:07:12 AM)

POLYNOMIALS
1. Find the number of zeroes in each of the following:
2. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 7 + 2√2 and 7 − 2√2 (𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 41)
3. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are √5 + 2√2 and √5 − 2√2. (𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑥 − 3)
4. If the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 are double in the value to the zeroes of 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3, find the
values of p and q. ( -5, -6)
5. If zeroes 𝛼 and 𝛽 of a polynomial 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 𝑘 are such that 𝛼 – 𝛽 = 1, then find the value of 𝑘. (12)
6. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomial and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the
coefficients.
(i) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 (ii) 𝑡 2 − 15 (iii) 4𝑢2 + 8𝑢
(iv) 6𝑥 2 − 3 − 7𝑥 (v) 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 (vi) 6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2
3 −1 −1 −2
(i) 4,-2 (ii) ±√15 (iii) 0, -2 (iv) 2 , 3
(v) -2, -5 (vi) 2
, 3

7. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeroes is 9 and product is 18. Hence, find the zeroes of the
polynomial. (𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 18, 𝑥 = 3,6)
8. If one of the solution of the equation 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2𝑘 + 1 is seven times the other. Find the solutions and the
−5
value of 𝑘. ( )
3
𝑚 𝑛 145
9. If 𝑚 and 𝑛 are the zeroes of the polynomial 3𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 4, find the value of + . (− )
𝑛 𝑚 12

10. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeroes is −3 and product is 2. (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)
1
11. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeroes is 4 and product is 2. (4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8)

12. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeroes is 0 and product is √5. (𝑥 2 + √5)
13. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 4 and – 3. (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)
14. If 𝛼, 𝛽 are zeroes of quadratic polynomial 𝑘𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4, find the value of 𝑘 such that (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 2𝛼𝛽 = 24.
2
( −1, 3 )

15. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3, find the value of
1 1 1 1 𝛼 𝛽
(i) + (ii) + (iii) +
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼2 𝛽2 𝛽 𝛼

(iv) 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 (v) (𝛼 − 𝛽)2 (vi) 𝛼 − 𝛽

4 10 10
(i) − 3 (ii) 9
(iii) 3
(iv) -28 (v) 4 (vi) ±2
𝛽
16. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3, from the polynomial whose zeroes are 1 + 𝛼 and
𝛼
1 + 𝛽. (3𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 16)

17. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial (𝑘– 1)𝑥 2 + 𝑘 𝑥 + 1 is –3, then the value of 𝑘.
10
(1, )
3

18. If 2 and – 3 are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑏, then find the value of a and b. (0, -6)
19. If 1 is a zero of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 − 3(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 − 1, then find the value of ′𝑎′. (1)
3
20. If the product of zeroes of the polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 6 is 4, find the value of ′𝑎′. (− 2 )

21. If the sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑐 is equal to 10 each, find the values of 𝑎
1
and 𝑐. (2 , 5)

22. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑝, find 𝑝 if 𝛽 = −2. (8)
23. The sum and the product of the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 3𝑘 2 are equal. Find the value(s)
of 𝑘. (±3)
24. If 𝛼, 𝛽 are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑘 such that 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 1, find the value of 𝑘. (6)
 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
1. Solve the following pair of equations by substitution method:
(i) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4
𝑠 𝑡
(ii) 𝑠 − 𝑡 = 3, 3
+2=6
(iii) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3, 9𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9
(iv) 0.2𝑥 + 0.3𝑦 − 1.1 = 0, 0.7𝑥 − 0.5𝑦 + 0.8 = 0
2. Use elimination method to find all possible solutions of the following pair of linear equations:
𝑥 2𝑦 𝑦
(i) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 (ii) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8 and 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 7 (iii) + = −1, 𝑥 − = 3
2 3 3
3. For each of the following systems of equations determine the value of 𝑘 for which the given system of
equations has a unique solution
𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 = 2 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1
(i) (ii)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −5 𝑘𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 7
4. For each of the following system of equations determine the values of 𝑘 for which the given system has no
solution.
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7 = 0 2𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 + 3 = 0
(i) (ii)
𝑘𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5 = 0 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
5. For each of the following systems of equations determine the value of 𝑘 for which the given system of
equations has infinitely many solutions.
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑘 (𝑘 − 3)𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑘
(i) (ii)
10𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 3 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 12
6. Solve 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 11 and 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −24 and hence find the value of ′𝑚′ for which 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 3.
7. For which value of 𝑘 will the following pair of linear equations have no solution?
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 1.
8. For which values of 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 does the following pair of linear equations have an infinite number of solutions?
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 3𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2
9. Find the value of 𝑚 for which the pair of linear equation, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0 and (𝑚 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑚 + 1)𝑦 =
(3𝑚 − 1) has infinitely many solutions.
152𝑥 − 378𝑦 = −74
10. Solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦;
−378𝑥 + 152𝑦 = −604
11. 3𝑥+𝑦 = 81 and 81𝑥−𝑦 = 3 find the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑏 𝑎
12. Solve the following pair of linear equations for 𝑥 and 𝑦: 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏.
13. Solve for 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦: (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏 2 , (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2.
9
14. A fraction becomes 11
. If 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If 3 is added to both the
5
numerator and the denominator becomes 6. Find the fraction.
15. Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven
times that of his son. What are their present ages?
16. Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are
Nuri and Sonu?
17. Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same time. If
the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each
other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?
18. The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge of the distance covered. For a
distance of 10 km, the charge paid is ₹105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is ₹155. What are the
fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?
19. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day thereafter.
Saritha paid ₹27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid ₹21 for the book, she kept for five days. Find
the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
20. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the digit is 66. If the digits of the number
differ by 2, find the number. How many such numbers are there?
21. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number obtained by
reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
22. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9:7 and the ratio of their expenditure is 4:3. If each of them manages to
save ₹2000 per month, find their monthly incomes.
23. Meena went to a bank to withdraw RS 2000. She asked the cashier to give her RS 50 and RS 100 notes only.
Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of ₹50 and ₹100 she received.
24. Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer.
Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer,
then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the best?
25. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is reduced by 5 units and breadth is
increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67
square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
26. Draw the graphs of the equations 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the
vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the line of 𝑦 = 0 (i.e., 𝑥 −axis), and shade the triangular
region. Also, find the area of triangle.
27. Draw the graphs of the pair of linear equations x – y + 2 = 0 and 4x – y – 4 = 0. Calculate the area of the triangle
formed by the lines so drawn and the x-axis.
28. Draw the graph of the pair of equations 2x + y = 4 and 2x – y = 4. Write the vertices of the triangle formed by
these lines and the y-axis. Also find the area of this triangle.
29. There are some students in the two examination halls A and B. To make the number of students equal in each
hall, 10 students are sent from A to B. But if 20 students are sent from B to A, the number of students in A
becomes double the number of students in B. Find the number of students in the two halls.
30. Draw the graphs of the lines x = –2 and y = 3. Write the vertices of the figure formed by these lines, the x-axis
and the y-axis. Also, find the area of the figure.
31. A shopkeeper gives books on rent for reading. She takes a fixed charge for the first two days, and an additional
charge for each day thereafter. Latika paid Rs 22 for a book kept for six days, while Anand paid Rs 16 for the
book kept for four days. Find the fixed charges and the charge for each extra day.
32. In a competitive examination, one mark is awarded for each correct answer while 1/2 mark is deducted for
every wrong answer. Jayanti answered 120 questions and got 90 marks. How many questions did she answer
correctly?
33. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 8 is subtracted from each of the numbers, the ratio becomes 4 : 5. Find
the numbers.
34. The age of the father is twice the sum of the ages of his two children. After 20 years, his age will be equal to
the sum of the ages of his children. Find the age of the father.
35. Two years ago, Salim was thrice as old as his daughter and six years later, he will be four years older than twice
her age. How old are they now?
36. A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of the digits by 8 and then subtracting 5 or by
multiplying the difference of the digits by 16 and then adding 3. Find the number.
37. Determine, algebraically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 2 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Check whether the following are quadratic equations:
(i) (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 = 𝑥 2 − 3 (ii) (𝑥 + 2)3 = 𝑥 3 − 4
2. Does (𝑥 − 1)2 + 2(𝑥 + 1) = 0 have a real root? Justify your answer.
1
3. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8 = 0
4. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by factorization method:
(i) 3𝑥 2 − 2√6𝑥 + 2 = 0 (ii) √3𝑥 2 − 2√2𝑥 − 2√3 = 0
(iii) 𝑥 2 − 2√2𝑥 − 6 = 0 (iv) 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6 = 0
5. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the roots are real and equal in each of the following equations:
(a) 𝑘𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 (b) 𝑘𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑥 + 4 = 0
(c) 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 2𝑘 = 0 (d) 𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6 = 0
6. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the roots are real and distinct in each of the following equations:
𝑘𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
7. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the QE 𝑘𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 has no real roots.
8. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the QE 𝑘𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 has real roots.
9. If (−5) is a root of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 − 15 = 0 and the quadratic equation 𝑝(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) + 𝑘 = 0
has equal roots, then find the value of 𝑝 and 𝑘.
10. If the equation (1 + 𝑚2 )𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + (𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0, has equal roots, prove the 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 (1 + 𝑚2 ).
11. Find the roots of the following equations:
1 1 1 11
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0 (b) 𝑥+4 − 𝑥−7 = 30 , 𝑥 ≠ −4,7
2𝑥 2𝑥−5 25
12. Solve for 𝑥: 𝑥−4 + 𝑥−3
= 3
𝑥−1 𝑥−3 1
13. Solve for 𝑥: 𝑥−2
+ 𝑥−4 = 3 3 ; 𝑥 ≠ 2,4.
14. Solve for 𝑥:
(i) √2𝑥 + 7 = 𝑥 + 2 (ii) 2√2𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 = 1
1 1 1 1
15. Solve for 𝑥: + + =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏+𝑥
;𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0
1 1 1 1
16. Solve for 𝑥: 2𝑎+𝑏+2𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑥.
2 (𝑏 2
17. Solve for 𝑥: 𝑎𝑏𝑥 + − 4𝑎𝑐)𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0
18. Solve for 𝑥: 4𝑥 + 4𝑏𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0.
2

7𝑥+1 5𝑥−3 3 −1
19. Solve for 𝑥: 3 (
5𝑥−3
)− 4(
7𝑥+1
) = 11; 𝑥 ≠ ,
5 7
2𝑥−3 𝑥−1
20. Solve for 𝑥: 𝑥−1 − 4 (2𝑥−3) = 3
1 1 2
21. Solve for 𝑥: (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2) + (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) = 3
22. Solve the following equation for 𝑥: 9𝑥 − 9(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + (2𝑎2 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 2 ) = 0.
2
1
23. The sum of two numbers is 16. The sum of their reciprocals is 3. Find the numbers
4
24. The difference of two numbers is 4. If the difference of their reciprocals is 21, find the numbers.
25. Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose square is 290.
1
26. The sum of reciprocals of Rehman’s ages, (in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from now is . Find his present age.
3
27. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got 2 marks more in
Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of their marks would have been 210. Find her marks in
the two subjects.
28. A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery articles in a day. It was observed on a particular day
that the cost of production of each article (in rupees) was 3 more than twice the number of articles produced
on that day. If the total cost of production on that day was RS 90, find the number of articles produced and the
cost of each article.
29. The altitude of a right triangle is 7cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13cm, find the other two sides.
30. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer side is 30 metres more
than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.
31. The denominator of a fraction exceeds its numerator by 3. If one is added to both numerator and denominator,
1
the difference between the new and the original fraction is 24. Find the original fraction.
32. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would have taken 1 hour less
for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
33. In a flight of 2,800 km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip was
reduced by 100 km/h and time increased by 30 minutes. Find the original duration of the flight.
34. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream than to return
downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
35. Some students planned a picnic. The budget for food was ₹500. But 5 of them failed to go and thus the total
cost of food for each member increased by ₹5. How many students attended the picnic?
36. ₹6500 were divided equally among a certain number of persons. Had there been 15 more persons, each would
have got ₹30 less. Find the original number of a person.
37. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8 times the larger
number. Find the two numbers.
38. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is 24 m, find the sides of the
two squares.
3
39. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 8 hours. The tap of larger diameter takes 10 hours less than the
smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which each tap can separately fill the tank.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. Find the distance between the following pair of points: (𝑎, 𝑏), (−𝑎, −𝑏)
2. The distance of the point (-3, 2) from origin is ……….
3. By distance formula determine if the points (1,5), (2,3) and (−2, −11) are collinear.
4. Prove that the points (7,10), (−2,5) and (3, −4) are the vertices of an isosceles right triangle.
5. Show that the points (1,7), (4,2), (−1, −1) and (−4,4) are the vertices of a square.
6. Find the value of 𝑦 for which the distance between the points 𝑃(2, −3) and 𝑄(10, 𝑦) is 10 units.
7. Find the point on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 which is equidistant from (2, −5) and (−2,9).
8. Find a relation (equation) between 𝑥 and 𝑦 such that the point (𝑥, 𝑦) is equidistant from the points (7,1) and
(3,5).
9. Find the area of a rhombus if its vertices are (3,0), (4,5), (−1,4) and (−2, −1) taken in order.
10. If 𝐴(4,3), 𝐵(−1, 𝑦), 𝐶(3,4) are the vertices of a right triangle ABC, right angled at A, then find 𝑦.
11. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(-2,2) and B(2,8) into four equal parts
𝑝 2
12. If (1, 3) is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (2,0) and (0, 9), find p.
13. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose centre is (2, −3) and B is (1,4).
14. If (1,2), (4, 𝑦), (𝑥, 6) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(3,5) are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order. Find 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦.
15. If the three vertices of a parallelogram, taken in order, are (2,0), (−6, −2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(4, −2) find the fourth vertex.
16. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle, the midpoints of whose sides are (1,2), (0, −1) and (2, −1).
17. Find the length of the median CF of the triangle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 whose vertices are 𝐴(1, −1), 𝐵(0,4) and 𝐶(−5,3).
18. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of (−1,7) and (4, −3) in the ratio 2:3.
19. If the point 𝐶(−1,2) divides internally the line segment joining the points 𝐴(2,5) and 𝐵(𝑥, 𝑦) in the ratio 3:4,
find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
20. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection (i.e., points dividing in three equal parts) of the line segment
joining the points 𝐴(2, −2) and 𝐵(−7,4)
3
21. If A and B are (−2, −2) and (2, −4) respectively, find the coordinates of P such that 𝐴𝑃 = 7 AB and P lies on
the line segment AB.
22. Point 𝑀(11, 𝑦) lies on the line segment joining the points 𝑃(15,5), 𝑄(9,20). Find the ratio in which point M
divides the line segment 𝑃𝑄 and also find the value of ′𝑦′.
23. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining 𝐴(1, −5) and 𝐵(−4,5) is divided by the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. Also find the
coordinates of the point of division.
24. Determine the ratio in which the line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 divides the line segment joining the points 𝐴(2, −2) and
(3,7). Also find the points.
25. The vertices of a triangle are (2,1), (5,2) and (3,4). Find the coordinates of the centroid.
26. The two vertices of a triangle are (2,1) and (5,2). If its centroid is (5,3.5) find the third vertex.
27. Find the centre of a circle passing through the points (6, −6), (3, −7) and (3,3).
CASE STUDY
28. To conduct Sports Day activities, in your rectangular shaped school ground ABCD, lines have been drawn with
chalk powder at a distance of 1m each. 100 flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1m from each other
1
along AD, as shown in figure. Niharika runs th the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a green flag. Preet
4
1
runs 5 th the distance AD on the eighth line and posts a red flag. What is the distance between both the flags?
If Rashmi has to post a blue flag exactly halfway between the line segment joining the two flags, where should
she post her flag?

29. The Class X students of a secondary school in Krishinagar have been allotted a rectangular plot of land for their
gardening activity. Sapling of Gulmohar are planted on the boundary at a distance of 1m from each other.
There is a triangular grassy lawn in the plot as shown in the figure. The students are to sow seeds of flowering
plants on the remaining area of the plot.
(i) Taking A as origin, find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.
(ii) What will be the coordinates of the vertices of Δ PQR if C is the origin?

TRIANGLES
1. State and prove Thale’s theorem (BPT)
2. In figure 𝑃𝑄 ∥ 𝐵𝐶. Find 𝑄𝐶
A

1.3cm
1.5cm
P Q
3cm

B C

3. In the figure, 𝐷𝐸 ∥ 𝐵𝐶. If 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑥, 𝐷𝐵 = 𝑥 − 2, 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑥 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝐶 = 𝑥 − 1, find the value of 𝑥.

 𝐴𝐷 3
4. In triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝐸 ∥ 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐵 = 5. If 𝐴𝐶 = 5,6. Find AE.
5. M and N are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅. For each of the following cases, state
whether 𝑀𝑁 ∥ 𝑄𝑅.
(i) 𝑃𝑀 = 4 𝑐𝑚, 𝑄𝑀 = 4.5 𝑐𝑚, 𝑃𝑁 = 4 𝑐𝑚, 𝑁𝑅 = 4.5 𝑐𝑚
(ii) 𝑃𝑄 = 1.28 𝑐𝑚, 𝑃𝑅 = 2.56 𝑐𝑚, 𝑃𝑀 = 0.16 𝑐𝑚, 𝑃𝑁 = 0.32 𝑐𝑚
6. In the given figure if AC = 2m, OC = 3 m and OD = 7 m, then find BD.

7. In figure, if 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐶𝐷 find the value of 𝑥.

8. In the figure, 𝐿𝑀 ∥ 𝐴𝐵. If 𝐴𝐿 = 𝑥 − 3, 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑥, 𝐵𝑀 = 𝑥 − 2 and 𝐵𝐶 = 2𝑥 + 3, find the value of 𝑥.

9. In the figure, 𝐿𝑀 ∥ 𝐴𝐵. If 𝐴𝐿 = 3 𝑐𝑚, 𝐶𝐿 = 2 𝑐𝑚, 𝐿𝑀 = 3 𝑐𝑚 and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥, find x.

10. In the figure, the points D and E divide the side AB and AC in the ratio 1:3. If DE = 2.4 cm, then find the length
of BC

11. In figure, ABC is right angled at C and DE ⊥ AB . Find the lengths of AE and DE.
A

E
3 cm

2 cm

B 12 cm C
12. A vertical pole of length 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long on the ground and at the same time a tower casts a
shadow 28 m long. Find the height of the tower.
𝐵𝐸 𝐵𝐶
13. In the figure, 𝐷𝐸 ∥ 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐷𝐶 ∥ 𝐴𝑃. Prove that = .
𝐸𝐶 𝐶𝑃
A

B E C P

14. S and T are points on sides PR and QR of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 such that ∠𝑃 = ∠𝑅𝑇𝑆. Show that ∆𝑅𝑃𝑄 ∼ ∆𝑅𝑇𝑆.
15. In figure. A, B and C are points on 𝑂𝑃, 𝑂𝑄 and 𝑂𝑅 respectively such that 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝑃𝑄 and 𝐵𝐶 ∥ 𝑄𝑅. Show that
𝐴𝐶 ∥ 𝑃𝑅.

16. E is a point on the side AD produced of a parallelogram ABCD and BE intersects CD at F. Show that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 ∼
∆𝐶𝐹𝐵.
17. In figure, 𝑂𝐴. 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐶. 𝑂𝐷. Prove that ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷

A C

O
1 2

D B

18. D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶. Show that 𝐶𝐴2 = 𝐶𝐵. 𝐶𝐷.
𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐸
19. In figure, if 𝐵𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐶𝐸 ⊥ 𝐴𝐵, prove that: 𝐴𝐵
= 𝐷𝐵.
C

D
F

A E B

𝑄𝑇 𝑄𝑅
20. In the figure, if 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑄𝑆
and ∠1 = ∠2. Prove that ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆 ∼ ∆𝑇𝑄𝑅
T
A

P
D E

2
1
Q S R B C

21. In figure, if ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷, prove that ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ∼ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

22. Using BPT, prove that a line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to another side
bisects the third side.
23. Using BPT, prove that a line drawn through the mid-point of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side.
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
24. ABCD is a trapezium in which 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐷𝐶 and its diagonals intersect each other at the point O. Show that 𝐵𝑂 = 𝐷𝑂.
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
25. The diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect each other at the point O such that 𝐵𝑂 = 𝐷𝑂. Show that ABCD
is a trapezium.
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
26. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR, respectively where ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∼ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, prove that: 𝑃𝑄
= 𝑃𝑀.
27. Sides AB, BC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively where proportional to sides PQ, QR and median
PM of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅. Show that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∼ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅.
28. Sides AB, AC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ, PR and median PM of
another triangle PQR. Show that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∼ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅.
29. A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of 1.2 m/s. If the lamp is 3.6 m
above the ground, find the length of her shadow after 4 seconds.
30. CD and GH are respectively medians of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺. If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∼ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐺. Prove that
𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐵
(i) ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 ∼ ∆𝐹𝐻𝐺 (ii) 𝐺𝐻 = 𝐹𝐸 (iii) ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵 ∼ ∆𝐺𝐻𝐸

31. If CD and GH (D and H lie on AB and FE) are respectively bisectors of ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 and ∠𝐸𝐺𝐹 and ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∼ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐺,
prove that
𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐶
(i) ∆𝐷𝐶𝐴 ∼ ∆𝐻𝐺𝐹 (ii) 𝐺𝐻 = 𝐹𝐺 (iii) ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 ∼ ∆𝐻𝐺𝐸
𝐵𝐶 2 𝐵𝐷
32. In figure, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 900 and 𝐶𝐷 ⊥ 𝐴𝐵. Prove that 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷.

33. In figure, express x in terms of a, b and c, ML = a, NP = x , MN = b, NK = c.

L P

a x Q
P z
46
0
0
y
46
A B
b N c C

1 1 1
34. In figure, PA, QB and RC are each perpendicular to AC. Prove that 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 𝑦.

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
1. Write the next term of the √8, √18, √32, ….
2. Find the 10th term from the end of the A.P 8,10,12, … . . ,126
3. The third term of an AP is 12 and the seventh term is 24, then the 10th term is
4. How many terms of an AP must be taken for their sum to be equal to 120 if its third term is 9 and the difference
between the seventh and second term is 20 ?
5. Find the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP: 8,3, −2, . . …
6. In a certain AP, 5 times the 5th term is equal to 8 times the 8th term, then its 13th term is equal to
7. A man receives Rs. 60 for the first week and Rs. 3 more each week than the preceeding week. How much does
he earns by the 20th week?
8. Determine the AP whose 3rd term is 5 and the 7th term is 9.
9. If the 10th term of an AP is 52 and the 17th term is 20 more than the 13th term, find the AP.
10. An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29th term.
11. If 2𝑥, 𝑥 + 10, 3𝑥 + 2 are in A.P., find the value of 𝑥.
12. Find the sum of all two-digit odd positive numbers.
13. If the sum of the first 𝑝 terms of an AP is the same as the sum of first 𝑞 terms (where 𝑝 ≠ 𝑞) then show that
the sum of its first (𝑝 + 𝑞) terms is 0.
14. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the list of numbers whose nth term is given by 𝑎𝑛 = 3 + 2𝑛.
15. The sum of 𝑛 terms of an AP is (5𝑛2 − 3𝑛). Find the AP and hence find its 10th term.
16. The first and last terms of an AP are 4 and 81 respectively. If the common difference is 7, how many terms
are there in the AP and what is their sum?
17. Which term of the AP 121,117,113, …, is its first negative term.
18. Which terms of the AP: 213,207,201, …, is last positive term.
19. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an AP are 4 and – 8 respectively, which term of this AP is zero.
20. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
21. Find the number of 3 digit-numbers, which leaves a remainder 1, when divided by 3.
22. The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the number of terms and the common
difference.
23. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of the first 𝑛 terms.
24. How many terms of the AP: 9,17,25, … must be taken to give a sum of 636?
25. The sum of three numbers in AP is 27 and their product us 405. Find the numbers.
26. The sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 63 and the sum of its next 7 terms is 161. Find the 28th term of this AP.
27. Find the value of the middle most term(s) of the AP −11, −7, −3, … . . ,49.
28. A sum of Rs. 280 is to be used to give four cash prizes to students of a school for their overall academic
performance. If each prize is Rs. 20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.
29. In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air pollution. It was decided
that the number of trees, that each section of each class will plant, will be the same as the class, in which
they are studying, e.g., a section of Class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant 2 trees and so on
till Class XII. There are three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted by the students?
30. A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A and B, starting with centre at A,
of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, . . .. What is the total length of such a spiral made up of thirteen
22
consecutive semicircles? (Take 𝜋 = 7
)

CIRCLES
1. In Fig. XY and X′Y′ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point of
contact C intersecting XY at A and X′Y′ at B. Prove that ∠ AOB = 90°.

2. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC.

3. Prove that the parallelogram (or rectangle) circumscribing a circle is a rhombus (or square).
4. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from an external point T. Prove that ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ.
5. Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the centre.
6. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle with center O, such that ∠APB = 1200. Prove that OP = 2AP.
7. PA and PB are the two tangents to a circle with centre O in which OP is equal to the diameter of the circle. Prove
that APB is an equilateral triangle.
8. Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary angles at the centre
of the circle.
9. Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is supplementary to
the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the points of contact at the centre.
10. The radius of the in-circle of a triangle is 4cm and the segments into which one side is divided by the point of
contact are 6cm and 8cm. Determine the other two sides of the triangle.
11. The tangent at a point C of a circle and a diameter AB when extended intersect at P.

If ∠PCA = 1100, find ∠CBA

12. In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribed, find the value of x.

13. In the given figure TAS is a tangent to the circle, with centre O, at the point A. If ∠𝑂𝐵𝐴 = 32𝑜 , find the value of
𝑥 and 𝑦.

14. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. AC is a diameter of the circle. MN is tangent to the circle at
𝐷, ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 40𝑜 , ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 55𝑜

15. A circle touches the side of BC of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 at P and touches AB and AC produced at Q and R respectively. Prove
1
that 𝐴𝑄 = 2 (Perimeter of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) or (Perimeter of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 2AQ)
16. If AB, AC, PQ are tangents in below figure and AB = 5 cm, find the perimeter of ∆APQ.

17. In the given figure, PT is a tangent to the circle at T. If PA = 4cm and AB = 5cm, find PT.

18. In the figure, two circle touches externally at a point P. From a point T on the tangent at P, tangents TQ and TR
are drawn to the circle with point of contact Q and R respectively. Prove that TQ = TR.

19. In the figure, AB is a diameter of circle with centre O and QC is a tangent to the circle at C. If ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 300 , find
(i) ∠𝐶𝑄𝐴, (ii) ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴.
20. In the given figure, TBP and TCQ are tangents to the circle whose centre is O. Also ∠𝑃𝐵𝐴 = 600 and ∠𝐴𝐶𝑄 =
700 . Determine ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝑇𝐶.

21. In the figure, tangents PQ and PR are drawn to a circle such that ∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 = 30𝑜 . A chord RS is drawn parallel
to the tangent PQ. Find ∠𝑅𝑄𝑆.

AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

1. Find the area of the sector of a circle with radius 4 cm and of angle 300. Also find the area of the corresponding
major sector. (Use 𝜋 = 3.14)
2. Find the area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.
3. The length of the minute hand of a clock is 14 cm. Find the area swept by the minute hand in 5 minutes.
4. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the area of the corresponding: (i)
minor segment and (ii) major segment. (𝑈𝑠𝑒 π = 3.14)
5. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 600 at the centre. Find:
(i) the length of the arc (ii) area of the sector formed by the arc
(iii) area of the segment formed by the corresponding chord.
6. A chord of a circle of radius 12 cm subtends an angle of 1200 at the centre. Find the area of the corresponding
segment of the circle. (𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜋 = 3.14, √3 = 1.73)
7. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of a square shaped grass field of side 15m by means of a 5m long rope.
Find:
(i) the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze.
(ii) the increase in the grazing area if the rope were 10m long instead of 5m. (𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜋 = 3.14).
8. A brooch is made with silver wire in the form of a circle with diameter 35 mm. The wire is also used in making
5 diameters which divide the circle into 10 equal sectors as shown in figure: Find:
(i) the total length of the silver wire required (ii) the area of each sector of the brooch
9. A round table cover has six equal designs as shown in figure. If the radius of the cover is 28cm, find the cost of
making the designs at the rate of RS 0.35 per 𝑐𝑚2 . (𝑈𝑠𝑒 √3 = 1.7)

10. A car has two wipers which do not overlap. Each wiper has a blade of length 25 cm sweeping through an
angle of 1150 . Find the total area cleaned at each sweep of the blades.

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
8
1. If cos 𝜃 = 17, find the other five trigonometric ratios.
√2
2. If tan = 𝐴 = √2 − 1, show that sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 = 4
.
5 sin 𝛼−3 cos 𝛼 1
3. If 5 tan 𝛼 = 4, show that 5 sin 𝛼+2 cos 𝛼 = 6
4. In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, right angled at 𝑄, 𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅 = 25 𝑐𝑚 and 𝑃𝑄 = 5 𝑐𝑚. Determine the values of sin 𝑃 , cos 𝑃 and tan 𝑃
5. If ∠𝐴 and ∠𝑃 are acute angles such that tan 𝐴 = tan 𝑃, then show that ∠𝐴 = ∠𝑃
6. If tan 𝐴 = 1 and tan 𝐵 = √3, evaluate cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 – sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵.
√3
7. Find acute angles A and B, sin(𝐴 + 2𝐵) = 2
and cos(𝐴 + 4𝐵) = 0, 𝐴 > 𝐵

8. In a right triangle ABC, right angled at B, if ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 30𝑜 and 𝐴𝐵 = 5 𝑐𝑚. Find the remaining angles and sides
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 60+4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 45+3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 60 +2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 90
9. Find 7
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 30 + 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐60− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 30
3

10. Find the value of x in the following: (i) 2 sin 3𝑥 = √3

11. Write the value of cos 10 cos 20 cos 30……………cos 1790 cos 1800.
12. In PQR , right angled at Q, PQ= 3cm and PR=6cm. Determine QPR and PRQ .

13. Express the ratios cos A, tan A and sec A in terms of sin A.
14. Prove that sec A (1 – sin A)(sec A + tan A) = 1.
cos 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴
15. Prove that: 1+sin 𝐴 + cos 𝐴
= 2 sec 𝐴
cot 𝐴−cos 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴−1
16. Prove that: cot 𝐴+cos 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴+1.
sin 𝜃−cos 𝜃+1 1
17. Prove that: sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃−1 = sec 𝜃+tan 𝜃
tan 𝜃+sec 𝜃−1 1+sin 𝜃
18. Prove that: =
tan 𝜃−sec 𝜃+1 cos 𝜃

19. Find the value of: (1 + tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)(1 + cot 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃).
√1+sin 𝐴
20. Prove that: = sec 𝐴 + tan 𝐴.
√1−sin 𝐴
1+sec 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
21. Prove that: sec 𝐴
= 1−cos 𝐴.

1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
22. Prove that: √ +√ = 2 sec𝜃.
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

tan 𝜃 tan 𝜃
23. Prove that: + = 2 cosec 𝜃.
sec 𝜃−1 sec 𝜃+1
1−cos 𝜃
24. Prove that: (cosec 𝜃 − cot 𝜃)2 = 1+cos 𝜃.

25. Prove that: (sin 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃)2 + (cos 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)2 = 7 + tan2 𝜃 + cot 2 𝜃
1+tan2 𝐴 1−tan 𝐴 2
26. Prove that: ( 1+cot2 𝐴 ) = ( 1−cot 𝐴 ) = tan2 𝐴.
1
27. Prove that: (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 − sin 𝐴)(sec 𝐴 − cos 𝐴) = tan 𝐴+cot 𝐴.

28. If tan 𝜃 + cot 𝜃 = 2, then find the value of tan2 𝜃 + cot 2 𝜃.

cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
29. Find the value of 𝜃, if 1−sin 𝜃 + 1+sin 𝜃 = 4; 𝜃 ≤ 90𝑜 .
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃−1
30. Prove that: (sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃)2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃+1 .

31. If 7 sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2 𝜃 = 4, then find the value of tan 𝜃.

tan 𝜃 tan 𝜃
32. Prove that: + = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃.
sec 𝜃−1 sec 𝜃+1

33. If 𝜃 is an acute angle and sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃, find the value of 2 tan2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 − 1.
34. If sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 𝑝 and sec 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑞, show that 𝑞(𝑝2 − 1) = 2𝑝
35. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 = 𝑚 and sec 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 = 𝑛, prove that (𝑚2 𝑛)2/3 + (𝑚𝑛2 )2/3 = 1
𝑎 𝑎 sin 𝜃−𝑏 cos 𝜃 𝑎 2 −𝑏2
36. If tan 𝜃 = 𝑏 , prove that 𝑎 sin 𝜃+𝑏 cos 𝜃 = 𝑎2 +𝑏2
 𝑎2 𝑏2
37. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 tan 𝜃, then show that 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 = 1.
𝑝2 −1
38. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + cot 𝜃 = 𝑝, then prove that cos 𝜃 = 𝑝2 +1.
39. If tan 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 = 𝑚 and tan 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 = 𝑛 show that 𝑚2 − 𝑛2 = 4√𝑚𝑛
1 1
40. If sec 𝜃 = 𝑥 + 4𝑥, prove that: sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 2𝑥 or 2𝑥

SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

1. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 30 m away from the foot of
the tower, is 30°. Find the height of the tower.
2. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches the ground making
an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where the top touches the ground
is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
3. From a point P on the ground the angle of elevation of the top of a 10 m tall building is 30°. A flag is hoisted at
the top of the building and the angle of elevation of the top of the flagstaff from P is 45°. Find the length of
the flagstaff and the distance of the building from the point P. (Take √3 = 1.732)
4. The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 40 m longer when the Sun’s altitude is 30°
than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.
5. The angles of depression of the top and the bottom of an 8 m tall building from the top of a multistoried
building are 30° and 45°, respectively. Find the height of the multistoried building and the distance between
the two buildings.
6. From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of depression of the banks on opposite sides of the river are
30° and 45°, respectively. If the bridge is at a height of 3 m from the banks, find the width of the river.
7. From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a cable tower is 60° and the angle of
depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the height of the tower.
8. A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man standing at the top of the tower observes a car at an
angle of depression of 30°, which is approaching the foot of the tower with a uniform speed. Six seconds later,
the angle of depression of the car is found to be 60°. Find the time taken by the car to reach the foot of the
tower from this point.
9. As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles of depression of two ships
are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind the other on the same side of the lighthouse, find the distance
between the two ships.
10. A person walking 45m towards a tower in a horizontal line through its base observes that angle of elevation of
the top of the tower changes from 450 to 600. Find the height of the tower.
11. The angle of elevation of a jet fighter from a point A on the ground is 600. After a flight of 10 seconds the angle
of elevation changes to 300. If the jet is flying at a speed of 648km/hr, find the constant height at which the
plane is flying.
12. An aeroplane, flying horizontally 1 km above the ground, is observed at an angle of elevation of 600 from a
point on the ground. After a flight of 10 seconds, the angle of elevation at the point of observations changes
to 300 . Find the speed of the plane in 𝑚/𝑠.
13. Two ships are approaching from a light house from opposite directions. The angles of depressions of the two
ships from the top of the light-house are 300 and 450. If the distance between the two ships is 100m, find the
height of the light-house. [use √3 = 1.732].
14. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60m above a lake is 30𝑜 and the angle of depression of the
reflection of cloud in the lake is 60𝑜 . Find the height of the cloud from the lake.
15. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower as observed from a point on the ground is ′𝛼′ and on moving ′𝑎′
atan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
metres towards the tower, the angle of elevation is ′𝛽′. Prove that the height of the tower is tan 𝛽−tan 𝛼.
16. If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point h meters above a lake is  and the angle of depression of its
2ℎ sec 𝛼
reflection in the lake be 𝛽, prove that the distance of the cloud from the point of observation is tan 𝛽−tan 𝛼
 SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
1. Two cubes each of volume 64 cm3 are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid.
2. A vessel is in the form of a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The diameter of the hemisphere
is 14 cm and the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the inner surface area of the vessel.
3. A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 3.5 cm mounted on a hemisphere of same radius. The total height of
the toy is 15.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the toy.
4. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of the same height and same
diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of the remaining solid to the nearest cm2.
5. A cubical block of side 7cm is surrounded by a hemisphere. What is the greatest diameter the hemisphere can
have? Find the surface area of the solid.
6. A wooden toy rocket is in the shape of a cone mounted on a cylinder, as shown in the figure given below. The
height of the entire rocket is 26 cm, while the height of the conical part is 6 cm. The base of the conical portion
has a diameter of 5 cm, while the base diameter of the cylindrical portion is 3 cm. If the conical portion is to
be painted orange and the cylindrical portion is 3 cm. If the conical portion is to be painted orange and the
cylindrical portion yellow, find the area of the rocket painted with each of these colours. (Take 𝜋 = 3.14).

7. A right circular cylinder and a right circular cone have equal bases and equal heights. If their curved surfaces
are in the ratio 8:5, determine the ratio of the base to the height of either of them.
8. A wooden article was made by scooping out a hemisphere from each end of a solid cylinder as shown in the
figure below. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm and its base is of radius 3.5 cm, find the total surface area
of the article.

9. From a solid circular cylinder with height 10 cm and radius of the base is 6 cm, a right circular cone of the same
height and same base is removed. Find the volume of the remaining solid. Also, find the whole surface area.
10. A right circular cylinder having diameter 12 cm and height 15 cm is full of ice-cream. The ice-cream is to be
filled in cones of height 12 cm and diameter 6 cm having a hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number
of such cones which can be filled with ice-cream.
11. A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup to about 30% of its volume. Find approximately how much syrup would
be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with length 5 cm and
diameter 2.8 cm
12. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounded by a right circular cone (figure given below). The height
of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. determine the volume of the toy. If a right circular
cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the difference of the volumes of the cylinder and the toy. (𝜋 = 3.14).
13. A solid wooden toy is in the shape of a right circular cone mounted on a hemisphere. If the radius of the
hemisphere is 4.2 cm and the total height of the toy is 10.2 cm, find the volume of the wooden toy.
14. Two solid cones A and B are placed in a cylindrical tube as shown in the below figure. The ratio of their
capacities is 2:1. Find the heights and capacities of cones. Also, find the volume of the remaining portion of
the cylinder.

15. A rectangular water tank of base 11 m × 6 m contains water upto a height of 5 m. If the water in the tank is
transferred to a cylindrical tank of radius 3.5 m, find the height of the water level in the tank.
16. The height of a cone is 40 cm, a small cone is cut off at the top by a plane parallel to the base and its volume
1
64
of the volume of original cone. Find the height from the base at which the section made.
17. A hollow cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base and the upper portion is removed. If the curved surface of
8
the remainder is of the curved surface of the whole cone, find the ratio of the line-segment into which the
9
cone’s altitude is divided by the plane.
18. A conical vessel of radius 6 cm and height 8 cm is completely filled with water. A sphere is lowered into the
water and its size is such that when it touches the sides, it is just immersed as shown in figure given below.
What fraction of water over flows?
19. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions and a cubical depression
to hold the pens and pins, respectively. The dimension of the cuboid are 10 cm, 5 cm and 4 cm. The radius of
each of the conical depressions is 0.5 cm and the depth is 2.1 cm. The edge of the cubical depression is 3 cm.
Find the volume of the wood in the entire stand.
20. A building is in the form of a cylinder surmounted by a hemispherical dome. The base diameter of the dome is
1
equal to 2 3 of the total height of the building. Find the height of the building, if it contains 67 𝑚3 of air.
21

21. If a cone of radius 10 cm is divided into two parts by drawing a plane through the mid-point of its axis, parallel
to its base. Compare the volumes of the two parts.
22. If a cone is cut into two parts by a horizontal plane passing through the mid-points of its axis, find the ratio of
the volume of the upper part to the cone.
23. A right triangle, whose sides are 3 cm and 4 cm (other than hypotenuse) is made to revolve about its
hypotenuse. Find the volume and surface area of the double cone so formed. (Choose value of π as found
appropriate.)
24. In figure, from a cuboidal solid metallic block of dimensions 15𝑐𝑚 × 10𝑐𝑚 × 5𝑐𝑚, a cylindrical hole of
22
diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the surface area of the remaining block. (𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜋 = 7
)
 STATISTICS
1. The length of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimetre and the data obtained is
represented in the following table. Find the average. (Use assumed mean method)
Length (in mm) 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180
No. of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
2. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance given to the children of a multistory building. The
average pocket allowance is RS 18.00. Find out the missing frequency.
Allowance(Rs.) 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25
No. of children 7 6 9 13 - 5 4
3. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all the frequencies is 50. Compute the
missing frequency 𝑓1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓2 .
Class Interval 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
Frequency 5 𝑓1 10 𝑓2 7 8
4. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year.
Age (in years) 5 – 15 15 – 25 25- 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65
Number of students 6 11 21 23 14 5
Find the mode of the data given above.
5. If the mode of the following series is 54,then find the value of f

Class Interval 0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75 75-90

Frequency 3 5 f 16 12 7

6. Calculate the median mark of the student from the following data
Marks 0 – 10 10 – 30 30 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 90
Number of households 5 15 30 8 2

7. The length of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimetre and the data obtained is
represented in the following table. Find the median length of leaf.
Length (in mm) 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180
No. of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
8. A survey regarding the height (in cm) of 51 girls of class X of a school was conducted and the following data
was obtained.
Height (in cm) Number of Girls
Less than 140 4
Less than 145 22
Less than 150 29
Less than 155 40
Less than 160 46
Less than 165 51
Find the median height.
9. Calculate the missing frequency from the following distribution, it being given that the median of the
distribution is 24.
Age (in years) 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
Number of households 5 25 ? 18 7
10. The median of the following data is 525. Find the value of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦, if the total frequency is 100.
Class interval Frequency
0 – 100 2
100 – 200 5
200 – 300 X
300 – 400 12
400 – 500 17
500 – 600 20
600 – 700 Y
700 – 800 9
800 – 900 7
9000 – 1000 4
11. If the median of the following data is 32.5, find the missing frequencies.
Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total
Number of households 𝑓1 5 9 12 𝑓2 3 2 40
12. Form the frequency distribution table from the following data : Determine the mean, mode ,median of the
following distribution.
Marks (out of 90) Number of candidates
More than or equal to 80 4
More than or equal to 70 6
More than or equal to 60 10
More than or equal to 50 16
More than or equal to 40 24
More than or equal to 30 27
More than or equal to 20 31
More than or equal to 10 32
More than or equal to 0 34
13. If mode = 400 and median = 500, find mean
(ii) If mean = 17, mode = 16, find median
14. The mean and mode of a frequency distribution are 28 and 16 respectively. Find the median.
15. If the difference of Mode and Median of a data is 24, then find the difference of median and mean.
 PROBABILITY
1. Suppose we throw a die once.
(i) What is the probability of getting a number greater than 4?
(ii) What is the probability of getting a number less than or equal to 4?
(iii) What is the probability of getting a number which is even prime.
2. It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2 students not having the same birthday is 0.992.
What is the probability that the 2 students have the same birthday?
3. Five cards – the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds, are well shuffled with their face downwards. One
card is then picked up at random.
(i) What is the probability that the card is the queen?
4. If the queen is drawn and put aside, what is the probability that the second card picked up is
(a) an ace? (b) a queen?
5. A defective pen are accidently mixed with 132 good ones. It is not possible to just look at a pen and tell whether
or not it is defective. One pen is taken out at random from this lot. Determine the probability that the pen
taken out is a good one.
6. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a blue ball is double that of a red
ball, find the number of blue balls in the bag.
7. A bag contains 12 balls out of which 𝑥 are white.
(i) If one balls is drawn at random, what is the probability that it will be a white ball?
(ii) If 6 more white ball are put in the bag, the probability of drawing a white ball will be double than that in
question (i) find 𝑥.
8. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a blue ball from the bag is thrice
that of a red ball, find the number of blue balls in the bag.
9. A box contains 12 balls of which some are red in colour. If 6 more red balls are put in the box and a ball is
drawn at random, the probability of drawing a red ball double than what it was before. Find the number of red
balls in the bag.
10. A jar contains 24 marbles some are green and others are blue. If a marble is drawn at random from the jar, the
2
probability that it is green is 3. Find the number of blue marbles in the jar.
11. A bag contains 5 yellow balls and some green balls. If the probability of drawing a green ball is double that of
a yellow ball, determine the number of green balls.
12. A bag contains card which are numbered from 2 to 90. A card is drawn at random from the bag. Find the
probability that it bears (i) a two-digit number (ii) a number which is a perfect square.
13. Cards marked with numbers 3,4,5,….,50 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. One card is drawn at
random from the box. Find the probability that number on the drawn card is
(i) divisible by 7 (ii) a number which is a perfect square
14. Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously (say one is of Re 1 and other of Rs 2). What is the probability
that she gets at least one head?
15. Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting
(i) two heads (ii) one head (iii) at most one head
(iv) at least one head (v) no head
16. Three different coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting
(i) At-least two heads (ii) At most two heads (iii) Exactly two heads
17. Two dice are drawn simultaneously. What is the probability that:
(a) 5 will not come up on either of them. (b) 5 will come up on at least one.
(c) 5 will come up at both dice
18. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting
(a) an even number as the sum (b) the sum as a prime number
(c) a total of at least 10 (d) a doublet of even number
(e) 5 will come up on at least one (f) a multiple of 3 as sum
(g) a doublet (h) a total of 6
 (i) sum of the numbers appearing is less or equal to 12
(j) a multiple of 2 on one dice and multiple of 3 on the other
(k) a total more than 9
19. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card drawn is
(i) a black king (ii) either a black card or a king
(iii) a jack, queen or a king (iv) neither an ace nor a king
(v) neither a red card nor a queen
20. A missing helicopter is reported to have crashed somewhere in the rectangular region shown figure below.
What is the probability that it crashed inside the lake shown in the figure?

21. Suppose you drop a die at random on the rectangular region shown in figure below. What is the probability
that it will land inside the circle with diameter 1m?

22. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8 (figure below), and these are equally likely outcomes. What is the probability that it will point at
(i) 8?
(ii) an odd number?
(iii) a number greater than 2?
(iv) a number less than 9?