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IEC Lab - 1

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35 views7 pages

IEC Lab - 1

aiub

Uploaded by

mostafiz.ai098
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 7

Title of the Experiment:

Familiarizing with the basic DC circuit terms & concepts: Introduction to laboratory equipment.

Abstract:

From this experiment we are expected to review, solidify & improve our understanding of DC
circuits & ohms law.
We will gain experience in building DC circuits and making measurements of current and
voltage. Also, strengthen the ability to reason about how adding or removing resistors will affect
the current & potential at different locations in a DC circuit.

The main objective of this experiment is to verify the ohms law. In doing so, followings are to be
performed:
a) To design an electrical circuit with relevant parameters and sources.
b) To set up the circuit with appropriate connections, sources, and instruments.
c) To compare the measured value with the theoretical estimated value.
d) To find the reason for error in result, and to draw conclusion on how to overcome.

Apparatus:

1. Trainer Board
2. Voltmeter
3. Ammeter
4. AVO meter or Multi meter
5. DC source
6. Resistors

Lab Report Page 1 of 7


Circuit Diagram:

Figure- 1

Figure- 2

Lab Report Page 2 of 7


Experimental Procedure:

1. We have calculated the values of the supplied resistors using the color code chart
theoretically. Then we measured the values using a multimeter. The following table
has been completed with these values:
Table 1

2. We have constructed the above mentioned circuits from figure 1 and 2. Theoretically,
we have calculated RT (total resistance), I (total current), Vab,Vcd, Va and Vb. Again,
we have calculated the same quantities using the multimeter and completed the
following table:

Table 2

Theoretical Calculation Multimeter Readings

E RT (Ω) I (mA) V ab (V) V cd (V) V a(V) V b (V) RT (Ω) I (mA) V ab (V) V cd (V) V a(V) V b (V)

5V 10100 0.49 3.28 1.72 5 1.72 10100 0.5 3.34 1.69 5 1.69

10V 10100 0.99 6.633 3.367 10 3.367 10100 1 6.67 3.38 10 3.38

Result:
Theoretical calculation:
For 5 V:

Lab Report Page 3 of 7


RT = ( Rab + R cd) = (6700 + 3400) Ω = 10100 Ω
I = V/ RT = 5/10100 = 4.9×10-4 A = 0.49 mA
Vab = I × Rab = (4.9×10-4 × 6700) = 3.28 V
Vcd = I × Rcd = (4.9×10-4 × 3400) = 1.72V
Vb = Vcd = 1.72V
Va = Vab + Vcd = (3.28 +1.72) V = 5V

For 10 V:
RT = ( Rab + R cd) = (6700 + 3400) Ω = 10100 Ω
I = V/ RT = 10/10100 = 9.9×10-4 A = 0.99mA

Vab = I × Rab = (9.9×10-4 × 6700) = 6.633 V


Vcd = I × Rcd = (9.9×10-4 × 3400) = 3.367 V
Vb = Vcd = 3.367 V
Va = Vab + Vcd = (5.475+4.524) V = 10 V

Multimeter calculation:
For 5 V:
I = 0.5 mA
Vab = 3.34 V
Vcd = 1.69 V
Va = 5 V
Vb = 1.69 V

For 10 V:
I = 1 mA
Vab = 6.67 V
Vcd = 3.38 V
Va = 10 V
Vb = 3.38 V

Answer to the Questions:


Lab Report Page 4 of 7
1. Show the difference between your theoretical value and Multi meter Value.
Ans:

Theoretical Calculations for 10V:


RT = R1 + R2= 6.7 + 3.4 = 10.1 KΩ
I = V/R = 10 / 10.1 = 0.99 mA
Vab = I×Rab= 0.99 × 6.7 = 6.633 V
Vcd =I×Rcd=0.99 × 3.4 = 3.367 V
Va = Vab + Vb ........................... (i)
Vc = Vcd + Vd
=3.367 +0 [Vd=0]
=3.367 V
Since, Vb = Vc
So, Vb= 3.367 V
So, from eqn (i),
Va = Vab + Vb= 6.633 + 3.367=10 V

Multi meter readings for 10V:


I = 1 mA
Vab = 6.67 V
Vcd = 3.38 V
Va = 10V
Vb = 3.38V

Theoretical Calculations for 5V:

Lab Report Page 5 of 7


RT = 10.1 KΩ
I= 0.49 mA
Vab =3.28 V
Vcd=1.72 V
Va = 05 V
Vb= 1.72 V

Multi meter readings for 5V:


I = 0.5 mA
Vab = 3.34 V
Vcd = 1.69 V
Va = 5 V
Vb = 1.69 V

There is a little difference between the multimeter readings and our calculations and the reason
for this is answered in 2nd question.
2. Do you have any differences between these values? If you have, then explain the reason.
Ans: Yes, I have. Because of the tolerance of the resistance and taking smaller value.
3. Why an ammeter can be damaged if it is connected in parallel to the load resistor?
Ans: An ammeter has a tolerance of almost zero. When it is connected in parallel, huge currents
enter into the ammeter and for this it could be damaged.

Discussion:

Lab Report Page 6 of 7


While experimenting, at first the resistance of resistors was calculated from the color chart
and after that it was checked by the multi-meter practically. Then a circuit was created
according to the theoretical circuit diagram to calculate the voltage of different points in the
circuit and current passing through the circuit. Despite our best efforts, there were a few
minor discrepancies between the multimeter readings and the theoretical computation. Our
theoretical calculations and the readings obtained from using Multisim to simulate the circuit
match, suggesting that the reason could be a multimeter error or tip placement issue. While
measuring voltage, we took care to avoid touching the bare probe tips together as this could
have resulted in a short circuit. To measure current, we wired the multimeter in series with
the circuit so that electrons would pass through it. During the experiment some error took
place due to the fault of voltage source. It was solved with the help of the course instructor.
Finally, all the data was placed in the data table. For the given equation, a result was
obtained.

Conclusion:
From this experiment the basic idea of DC terms and circuits were observed and verified
with specific theory. Also, we gained knowledge on how to use a multimeter to measure
voltages and currents accurately and how to realistically build a circuit using the provided
theoretical circuit schematic. More precision in multimeter readings is necessary for an
accurate result. In the end, the experiment was completed effectively and had a good
outcome.

The End

Lab Report Page 7 of 7

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