Reactions Recap Questions 45 Marks 45 Minutes

1. Define ‘element’. [1]

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2. Define ‘compound’.
[1]
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3. Give the formulae for the following elements and compounds. Where an element
exists as diatomic molecules, please provide the diatomic formula. e.g. for
Chlorine give Cl2, not Cl.
a. Hydrogen
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Sodium hydroxide
d. Nitrogen
e. Boron
f. Iodine
g. Bromine
h. Fluorine
i. Silver [9]
4. State which elements are present, and in what quantity, in each of the following
compounds.
a. Propane, C3H8

b. Methanol, CH3OH

c. Aluminium Bromide AlBr3

d. Magnesium chloride, MgCl2

e. Potassium oxide, K2O

f. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2

 g. Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3 [7]

5. Define ‘exothermic reaction’. [1]

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6. A student carried out a series of reactions in test tubes in the laboratory. She
recorded the temperature at the moment the reactants were combined, and
again at the end of the reaction. Her results are shown in the table below.
Reaction Start End Temperature Exothermic or
Temperature Temperature Change (°C) Endothermic?
(°C) (°C)
A 31 11
B 20 34
C 21 8

a. Please complete the table above to show the temperature change for each
reaction. [3]
b. Please complete the final column of the table above, indicating which
reactions were exothermic, and which were endothermic.
[2]
7. What is a chemical reaction? [1]
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8. When hydrogen reacts with excess oxygen, complete combustion occurs. Write a
word equation for this reaction.
[1]

9. When ethane, C2H6, reacts in a good supply of oxygen, complete combustion

occurs. Write a word equation for this reaction.
[2]
 10. When magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 is heated strongly, the products are
magnesium oxide, MgO and carbon dioxide.
a. Write a word equation for this reaction.
[1]

b. Is this reaction an example of combustion, formation, or thermal

decomposition? [1]
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11. Complete the following sentence using the words provided below. You will
not need to use all the words provided, and you may use words more than once.
A chemical reaction requires a certain amount of energy to _________ bonds. Energy is
________ when new bonds are formed. An exothermic reaction is one in which more
energy is _________ when bonds are _________ than is ___________ when bonds are
___________.
absorbed form released formed broken break
[6]
12. What is a catalyst?
[2]
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13. When hydrogen reacts with excess oxygen, complete combustion occurs.
Write a word equation for this reaction.
[1]

14. When ethane, C2H6, reacts in a good supply of oxygen, complete

combustion occurs. Write a word equation for this reaction.
[2]

15. When magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 is heated strongly, the products are
magnesium oxide, MgO and carbon dioxide.
a. Write a word equation for this reaction.
[1]

b. Is this reaction an example of combustion, formation, or thermal

decomposition? [1]
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16. For the equation below, calculate the number of atoms of each element in
the products and the reactants, and state whether the equation is balanced or
not. For full marks you must state the number of each element on each side of
the equation as well as stating whether the equation is balanced. You are not
required to balance the equation.

PCl5 + 4H2O -> H3PO4 + 5HCl [2]

 Extension Questions (Optional)
1. Methane, CH4 has a single carbon atom bonded to each of four hydrogen atoms.
Methane undergoes complete combustion in a good supply of oxygen.
a. Write a word equation for this reaction.
[1]

b. Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

[2]

c. Using the bond energies in the table below, calculate the energy released
by this reaction. (You may give your answer as a positive number, because
you are being asked how much energy is released. You should use the units
provided in the table. You may not need all of the information in the table.)
Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
C-H 414
C-C 348
O=O 498
O-H 463
C=O 799
[5]

2. 4g of hydrogen is reacted with nitrogen in the Haber process to form ammonia

(NH3).
a. Write a word equation for this reaction.
[1]

b. Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

[2]

c. Calculate the relative formula mass of hydrogen gas.

[1]

d. Calculate the relative formula mass of ammonia.

[1]

e. Calculate how much ammonia will be produced if 4g of hydrogen gas is

reacted completely in the Haber process.
[2]
 Mark Scheme
1. A pure substance containing only one type of atom.
[1]
2. A substance containing two or more types of atom strongly bonded together.
[1]
3. Give the formulae for the following elements and compounds. Where an element
exists as diatomic molecules, please provide the diatomic formula. e.g. for
Chlorine give Cl2, not Cl.
a. H2
b. HCl
c. NaOH
d. N2
e. B
f. I2
g. H2NO3
h. H2SO4
i. Br2
j. F2
k. Ag
[11]
4. State which elements are present, and in what quantity, in each of the following
compounds.
a. 3 carbon, 8 hydrogen
b. 1 carbon, 4 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
c. 1 aluminium, 3 bromine
d. 1 magnesium, 2 chlorine
e. 2 potassium, 1 oxygen
f. 1 calcium, 2 oxygen, 2 hydrogen
g. 1 aluminium, 3 oxygen, 3 hydrogen
[7]
5. A reaction in which energy is transferred to the surroundings.
[1]
6. A reaction in which energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
[1]
7. A student carried out a series of reactions in test tubes in the laboratory. She
recorded the temperature at the moment the reactants were combined, and
again at the end of the reaction. Her results are shown in the table below.
Reaction Start End Temperature Exothermic or
Temperature Temperature Change (°C) Endothermic?
(°C) (°C)
A 21 11 -10 Endothermic
B 20 24 +4 Exothermic
C 21 9 -11 Endothermic
 8. Complete the following sentence using the words provided below. You will not
need to use all the words provided, and you may use words more than once.
A chemical reaction requires a certain amount of energy to break bonds. Energy is
released when new bonds are formed. An exothermic reaction is one in which more
energy is released when bonds are formed than is absorbed when bonds are broken.
9. See textbook p129.
10. A chemical which speeds up a reaction but is not used up or chemically
changed. [2]
11. A reaction in which a new substance is formed.
[1]
12. A single reactant is broken down into simpler products by heating.
[1]
13. A reaction with oxygen in which energy is transferred to the surroundings
as light and heat. [1]
14. Hydrogen + Oxygen -> Water
[1]
15. Carbon + Oxygen -> Carbon monoxide
[1]
16. Ethane + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water
[2]
17. When magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 is heated strongly, the products are
magnesium oxide, MgO and carbon dioxide.
a. Magnesium carbonate -> Magnesium oxide + Carbon dioxide
[1]
b. Thermal decomposition [1]
18. For each of the following equations, calculate the number of atoms of each
element in the products and the reactants, and state whether the equation is
balanced or not. For full marks you must state the number of each element on
each side of the equation as well as stating whether the equation is balanced.
You are not required to balance the equations.
a. H2 + C2H4 -> C2H6 [2]
6 x H, 2 x C -> 6 x H, 2 x C BALANCED
b. Al + Fe2O3 -> Al2O3 + Fe [2]
1 x Al, 2 x Fe, 3 x O -> 2 x Al, 3 x O, 1 x Fe
UNBALANCED
c. Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + H2 [2]
1 x Al, 3 x H, 3 x Cl -> 1 x Al, 3 x Cl, 2 x H
UNBALANCED
d. PCl5 + 4H2O -> H3PO4 + 5HCl [2]
1 x P, 5 x Cl, 4 x O, 8 x H -> 1 x P, 4 x O, 8 x H, 5 x Cl
BALANCED