SREENIVASA INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY and MANAGEMENT STUDIES

(autonomous)

(FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY)

Question bank

II B.TECH / I SEMESTER regulation: r18

Compiled by
FACULTY INCHARGE : MR. B.hemasundaram
Designation : AssISTANT professor
Department : mechanical engineering
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

II B.Tech I Semester L T P C
2 1 - 3
18MEC214: FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Common to MECH and EEE Branches)
Course Educational Objectives:
CEO1: To understand the properties of fluids, pressure measuring and concept of fluid flows.
CEO2: The applications of the conservation laws to flow through pipes are studied.
CEO3: To understand the importance of dimensional analysis.
CEO4: To understand the importance of various types of turbines.
CEO5: To understand the importance of various types of pumps.

UNIT – 1: PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS, PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS, BUOYANCY AND

KINEMATICS OF FLOW
Properties of Fluids: Introduction - Definition - Mass density - Specific weight - Specific gravity -
Specific volume - Compressibility - Surface tension and capillarity. Pressure and its Measurements:
Variation of static pressure - Atmospheric, absolute, gauge and vacuum pressure - Pressure
measurements - Piezometer - U tube manometer - Differential manometers. Buoyancy and
Floatation: Basic concepts of Buoyancy, buoyancy force, centre of buoyancy, metacentre and
metacentric height (only basic approach). Kinematics of Flow: Basic principles of fluid flow - Types
of fluid flow - Rate of flow - Continuity equation.

UNIT – 2: DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW, BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY FORCES ON

SUBMERGED BODIES AND FLOW THROUGH PIPES
Dynamics of Fluid Flow: Equations of motion - Euler’s equation of motion - Bernoulli’s equation -
Bernoulli’s equation for real fluid - Application of Bernoulli’s equation in venturimeter, orifice meter
and pitot tube. Boundary Layer Theory: Boundary layer characteristics - Types of boundary layer -
Boundary layer, displacement, momentum and energy thickness (Basics only). Forces on Submerged
bodies: Expression for Drag and Lift – Drag on a sphere. Flow Through Pipes: Reynold’s experiment
- Loss of energy in pipes - Loss of energy due to friction: Darcy’s Weisbach equation and Chezy’s
formula - Minor energy losses - Pipes in series and parallel - Equivalentpipe.

UNIT – 3: DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND TURBO MACHINERY

Dimensional Analysis and Hydraulic Modeling: Dimensions - Dimensional homogeneity - Rayleigh
method - Buckingham π-method - Methods of selecting repeating variables - Model analysis -
Similitude and types of similarities - Forces acting in moving fluid - Dimensionless numbers -
Similarity laws - Model testing of partially submerged bodies - Distorted and undistorted models.
Basics of Turbo Machinery: Force exerted by the jet on a stationary and moving of flat, inclined and
curved vanes - Jet on a hinged plate - Jet striking centrally and at tip of moving curved plate.

UNIT – 4: HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Hydraulic Turbines: Turbine - Layout of hydroelectric power plant - Heads and efficiencies of a
turbine - Classification of hydraulic turbines - Pelton wheel - Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine -
Working principles - Velocity triangle diagrams - Work done - Heads and efficiencies - Hydraulic
design - Draft tube - Unit quantities and specific speed - Characteristics curves - Governing of turbines
- Water hammer - Surge tank.

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SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

UNIT – 5: HYDRAULIC PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps: Classification – Principles of working - Work done - Heads and efficiencies of a
centrifugal pump - Minimum starting speed - Multi stage centrifugal pump - Specific speed - Model
testing - Priming - Characteristics curves - Cavitation - Suction height - NPSH. Reciprocating pumps:
Classification and working –Slip.

Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to POs related

to COs
Apply mathematical knowledge to predict the properties and characteristics PO1, PO2,
CO1 of a fluid, analysis of pressure measurements andconcept of fluid flows. PO3, PO4
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding the basic equations of
PO1, PO2,
CO2 fluid flows, compute drag and lift coefficients and solve problems in flow
PO3, PO4
of fluids
PO1, PO2,
Analyze the model and the prototype using dimensional analysis.
CO3 PO3, PO4
Design the working proportions of hydraulic turbines and analysis to PO1, PO2,
CO4 improve the performances. PO3, PO4
Analyze to improve the performance of pumps and ability to engage in PO1, PO2,
CO5 independent. PO3, PO4

Text Books:
1. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, P.N. Modi and S.M. Seth, 18/e, 2011, Standard Book
House,Delhi.
2. Fluid Mechanics, A.K. Jain, 11/e, 2012, Khanna Publishers, NewDelhi.

Reference Books:
1. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinery, R.K. Rajput, 4/e, 2010, S. Chand & Company, Pvt.
Ltd., NewDelhi.
2. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi,
5/e, 2008, McGraw Hill, NewYork.
3. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, R.K. Bansal, 9/e, 2011, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.
4. Fluid Mechanics, YunusA. Cengel, 2010, Tata McGraw Hill Education PrivateLtd.
5. Introduction to Fluid Machines, S.K. Som and G. Biswas, 2/e, 2010, Tata McGraw-Hill
Education, Pvt. Ltd.,Noida.

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SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

QUESTION BANK
UNIT – 1
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS, PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS, BUOYANCY AND KINEMATICS OF FLOW
Q. No. PART-A (Two Marks Questions)
Define the following fluid properties: Density, weight density, specific volume and specific gravity of a
1
fluid.
What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity? State their units of
2
measurements and explain types of fluids.
3 State the Newton’s law of viscosity and give examples of its application.
4 Explain briefly the following: Surface tension, compressibility and bulk modulus.
5 What is capillarity? Derive expression for height of capillary rise.
6 Define pressure. State Pascal’s law.Calculate atmospheric pressure at 760 mm of mercury.
7 What are manometers? How are manometers classified?
8 What do you understand by Hydrostatic law?
9 Define the following: Atmospheric pressure, Gauge pressure, Vacuum pressure and Absolute pressure.
10 Find the pressure at a depth of 15 m below the free surface of water in a reservoir.
11 Define the terms buoyancy and centre of buoyancy?
12 Explain the terms meta-centre and meta-centre height?
13 A stone weight 392.4 N in air and 196.2 N in water. Compute the volume of stone.
A wooden block of width 2m, depth 1.2 m and length 4m floats horizontally in water. Find the volume of
14
water displaced and specific gravity of the wood is 0.7.
15 Explain the terms Path line, Streak line, Stream line and Stream tube.
16 Explain types of fluid flows.
17 Define the equation of continuity.
18 DefineRate of flow. Flow and Uniform flow.
Define the following and give one practical example for each: Laminar flow, Turbulent flow, Steady flow
19
and Uniform flow.
20 The diameter of a pipe 10 cm and velocity of fluid in side pipe is 2 m/s find the rate of flow.
Q. No. PART-B (Ten Marks Questions)
Derive expression of pressure intensity inside water droplets, soup bubbles and water jet. Consider
1
surface tension σ and diameter d.
A U – tube differential manometer connects two pressure pipes A and B. pipe a contains carbon
2 tetrachloride having a sp.gr. 1.594 under a pressure of 11.772 N/cm2 and pope B contains oil of sp.gr. 0.8
Under a pressure of 11.772 N/cm2. The pipe A lies 2.5 m above pipe B. Find the difference of pressure
measured by mercury as fluid filling U – tube.
In an inverted differential manometer is connected to two pipes A and B which convey water. The fluid
in manometer is oil of sp.gr. 0.8. For the manometer readings shown in the figure, find the pressure

difference between A and B.

4 Derive an expression for the meta-centric height of a floating body.

A block of wood of sp.gr. 0.7 floats in water. Determine the meta-centric height of the block if its sizes is
5
2m X 1m X 0.8m.

6 Find the density of a metallic body which floats at the inter face of mercury of sp.gr. 13.6 and water such
that 40 present of its volume is sub-merged in mercury and 60 present in water.

4
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

A 30 cm diameter pipe, conveying water, branches into two pipes of diameters 20 cm and 15 cm
7 respectively. If the average velocity in the 30 cm dia. Pipe is 2.5 m/s, find discharge in this pipe. Also
determine the velocity in 15 cm pipe if the average velocity in 20 cm dia. pipe is 2 m/s.
A jet of water from a 2.5 mm diameter nozzle is directed vertically upwards. Assuming that the jet
8 remains circular and neglecting any loss of energy, that will be the diameter at a point 4.5 m above the
nozzle, if the velocity with the jet leaves the nozzle is 12 m/s.
A pipe contains on oil of sp.gr. 0.8. A differential manometer connected at two points A and B of the
9
pipe shows a difference in mercury level as 20 cm. find the difference of pressure at the two pipe.
An oil film of thickness 1.5 mm is used for lubrication between a square plate of size 0.9m × 0.9m and
10 an inclined plane having an angle of inclination 20°. The weight of square plate is 392.4 N and its slides
down the plane with a uniform velocity of 0.2 m/s. Find the dynamic viscosity of the oil.

UNIT – 2
DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW, BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY FORCES ON
SUBMERGED BODIES AND FLOW THROUGH PIPES
Q. No. PART-A (Two Marks Questions)
1 Name the different forces present in a fluid flow.
2 What is Euler’s equation of motion?
3 What is a Venturimeter?
4 What is Orifice-meter?
5 What is a pitot-tube?
6 What are the applications of Bernoulli’s equation?
7 Define Bernoulli’s equation.
8 Explain briefly the following terms: Potential head, Velocity head and Datum head.
9 List of assumptions which are made while deriving Bernoulli’s equation.
10 What do you understand by the terms boundary layer, and boundary layer theory?
11 Define laminar boundary layer, turbulent boundary layer and boundary layer thickness.
12 Define displacement thickness.
13 Define momentum thickness.
14 Define energy thickness.
15 Define terms: drag force and lift force.
16 Define co-efficient drag and lift.
17 Define major energy losses.
18 Define minor energy losses.
19 Define Chezy’s formula for loss of head due to friction in pipes.
20 What is equivalent pipe?
PART-B (Ten Marks Questions)
1 Derive the Euler’s equation of motion and deduce the expression to Bernoulli’s equation.
The water is flowing through a taper pipe of length 100m having diameters 600 mm at a upper end 300
2 mm at the lower end, at the rate of 50 liter/sec. the pipe has a slope of 1 in 30. Find the pressure at the
lower end if the pressure at the higher level is 19.62 N/cm2
Water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 300 mm and 200 mm at the bottom end is 24.525
3 N/cm2 and the pressure at the upper end is 9.81 N/Cm2. Determine the difference in datum head if the
rate of flow through pipe is 40 lit/s.
A 30cm × 15 cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line Carrying oil of specific gravity 0.9, the
flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the
4 venturimeter is 30 cm. The differential U tube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of 25 cm.
Calculate: The discharge of oil, andThe pressure difference between the entrance section and throat
section.Take the coefficient of discharge as 0.98 and specific gravity of mercury 13.6.
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SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

In a 45° reducing bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the inlet and outlet of the bend
5 being 600 mm and 300 mm respectively. Find the force exerted by water on the bend if the intensity of
pressure at inlet to bend is 8.829 N/ cm2 and rate of flow of water is 600 liters/s.
(i).Derive an expression for loss of head due to friction in pipes (Darcy Weisbach equation).
6
(ii). Discuss on various minor losses in pipe flow
Two pipes of 15 cm and 30 cm diameters are laid in parallel to pass a total discharge of 100 liters/
second. Each pipe is 250m long. Determine discharge through each pipe. Now these pipes are
7
connected in series to connect two tanks 500 m apart, to carry same total discharge. Determine water
level difference between the tanks. Neglect minor losses in both cases, f=0.02 in both pipes.
A main pipe divides into two parallel pipes, which again forms one pipe. The length and diameter for
the first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1 m respectively, while the length and diameter of second parallel
8
pipe are 2000 m and 0.8 m respectively. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe, if total flow in the
main is 3 m³/s. The coefficient of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal to 0.005.
Three pipes of lengths 800m, 600m and 300m and of diameters 400 mm, 300 mm and 200 mm
respectively are connected in series. The ends of the compound is connected to two tanks, whose water
9 surface levels are maintained at a difference of 15 m. Determine the rate of flow of water through the
pipes if f = 0.005. What will be diameter of a single pipe of length 1700 m and f = 0.005, which replaces
the single pipe.
Find the displacement thickness, the momentum thickness and energy thickness for the velocity
10 distribution in the boundary layer given by u/U =y/δ, where u is the velocity at a distance y from the
plate and u = U at y = δ, where δ = boundary layer thickness. Also calculate the value of δ*/θ.
A flat plate 1.5 m X 1.5 m moves at 50 km/hour in stationary air of density 1.15 kg/m 3 if the co-efficient
11 of drag and lift are 0.15 and 0.75 respectively. Determine The lift force, The drag force, The resultant
force and The power required to keep the plate in motion.
Calculate the weight of a ball of diameter 80 mm which is just supported in a vertical air stream which
12 is flowing at a velocity of 7 m/s. The density of air is given as 1.25 kg/m 3The kinematic velocity of
air=1.5 stoke.

UNIT – 3
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND TURBO MACHINERY
Q.No. PART-A (Two Marks Questions)
1 Explain the term, ‘dimensionally homogeneous equation’
2 Give the dimensions of the following physical quantities: surface tension and dynamic viscosity.
3 State Froude’s model law.
4 Define the Froude’s dimensionless number.
5 Define Reynolds’s number.
6 Check whether the following equation is dimensionally homogeneous. Q = Cd .a
7 Define the Terms: Model, Prototype, model analysis and Similitude
8 Define model laws or similarity laws.
9 Define Euler’s number and Weber’s number. Define Mach number and state its application.
10 Define Geometric similarity, kinematic similarity and Dynamic similarity.
11 Name the different forces present in fluid flow.
12 Define undistorted and distorted models.
13 Define the term Impact of jet.
14 Explain Jet propulsion.
Obtain an expression for the force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the direction
15
of the jet.
Obtain an expression for the force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed inclined plate in the direction
16
of the jet.
Obtain an expression for the force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed curved plate in the direction of
17
the jet.
18 Obtain an expression for the force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed vertical hinged plate in the

6
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

direction of the jet.
19 Define momentum equation
20 Define efficiency of jet.
PART-B (Ten Marks Questions)
1 State Buckingham’s π- theorem.
2 Distinguish between Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s π-theorem.
The pressure difference ∆P in a pipe of diameter D and length l due to viscous flow depends on the
3
velocity V, viscosity µ and density ρ. Using Buckingham’s π- theorem, obtain an expression for ∆P.
A geometrically similar model of an air duct is built to 1/25th scale and tested with water which is 50
4 times more viscous and 800 times more density than air. When tested under dynamically similar
conditions, the pressure drop is 2 bar in the model, find the corresponding pressure drop in the full
scale prototype
A 1:15 model of a flying boat is towed through water. The prototype is moving in sea-water of density
5 1024 kg/m3 at a velocity of 20 m/s. Find the corresponding speed of the model. Also determine the
resistance due to waves on model if the resistance due to waves of prototype is 600 N.
The resisting force F of a plane during flight can be considered as dependent upon the length of
6 aircraft (l), velocity (v), air viscosity ( μ ), air density ( ρ ) and bulk modulus of air (K). Express the
functional relationship between these variables using dimensional analysis. Explain the physical
significance of the dimensionless groups arrived.
A jet of water of diameter 7.5 cm strikes a curved plate at its centre with a velocity of 20 m/s. The
curved plate is moving with a velocity of 8 m/s in the direction jet. The jet is deflected through an angle
7
of 1650 . Assuming the plate smooth find: Force exerted on the plate in the direction of jet, Power of
the jet and Efficiency of the jet.
Water is flowing through a pipe at the end of which a nozzle is fitted. The diameter of the nozzle is 100
8 mm and the head of water at the centre nozzle is 100 m. Find the force exerted by the jet of water on a
fixed vertical plate. The coefficient of velocity is given as 0.95.
Find the work done per second on a series of moving curved vanes by a jet of water striking at one of
9
the tips of the vane.
Find an expression for the efficiency of a series of moving curved vanes by a jet of water striking at one
10 of the tips of the vane. Prove that maximum efficiency is when u = V and the value of maximum
efficiency is 50%.

UNIT – 4
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
Q.No. PART-A (Two Marks Questions)
1 Distinguish between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine.
2 Define specific speed and unit speed of a turbine.
3 Define – volumetric efficiency of turbine.
4 What is meant by hydraulic efficiency of turbine?
5 Define hydraulic efficiency.
6 Definemechanical efficiency.
7 Defineoverall efficiency.
8 Define gross head and net or effective head.
9 Define the unit quantities for a turbine
10 What is draft-tube?
11 What is hydraulic turbine?
12 Where is Kaplan turbine used?
13 Why does a Pelton-wheel not possess any draft tube?
A hydraulic reaction turbine working under a head of 16 m develops 640 kW of power. What is unit
14
of power of the turbine?

7
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

15 What is governing of turbine?

16 Define water hammer.
17 Define surge tank.
18 Explain types important characteristics curves of turbine.
19 Discuss about draft tube and its types.
20 Define cavitation.
PART-B (Ten Marks Questions)
Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles for a Pelton turbine and indicate the direction of various
1 velocity components. Also obtainan expression for the work done per second by water on the runner
of the Pelton wheel.
The hub diameter of a Kaplan turbine working under a head of 12 m, is 0.35 times the diameter of
the runner. The turbine is running at 100 rpm. If the vane angle of the extreme edge of the runner at
2
outlet is 15° and flow ratio is 0.6, find the diameter of the runner, diameter of the boss and the
discharge through the runner. The velocity at the whirl at outlet is given as zero.
A Francis turbine developing 16120 kW under a head of 260 m runs at 600 rpm. The runner outside
diameter is 1500 mm and the width is 135 mm. The flow rate is 7 m3/s. The exit velocity at the draft
3 tube outlet is 16 m/s. Assuming zero whirl velocity at exit and neglecting blade thickness determine
the overall and hydraulic efficiency and rotor blade angle at inlet. Also find the guide vane outlet
angle.
A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 75% is required to produce 148.25 kW power. It is
working under a head of 7.62 m. The peripheral velocity = 0.261 and the radial velocity of flow
4 at inlet is 0.964 The wheel runs at 150 r.p.m. and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 22 % of
the available energy. Assuming radial discharge, determine :
(i) The guide blade angle (ii) The wheel vane angle at inlet
(iii) Diameter of the wheel at inlet, and (iv) Width of the wheel at inlet.
A Kaplan turbine delivers 10 MW under a head of 25 m. The hub and tip diameters are 1.2 m and 3
5 m. Hydraulic and overall efficiencies are 0.90 and 0.85. If both velocity triangles are right angled
triangles, determine the speed, guide blade outlet angle and blade outlet angle.
A pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The net head on
6 the pelton wheel is 700 m. If the side clearance angle is 15º and discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m³/s,
find (1) power available at nozzle and (2) hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Take Cv=1
A pelton turbine is required to develop 9000 KW when working under a head of 300 m the impeller
may rotate at 500 rpm. Assuming a jet ratio of 10 And an overall efficiency of 85% calculate (1)
7
Quantity of water required. (2) Diameter of the wheel (3) Number of jets (4) Number and size of the
bucket vanes on the runner
A Francis turbine has an inlet diameter of 2.0 m and an outlet diameter of 1.2m. The width of the
8 blades is constant at 0.2 m. The runner rotates at a speed of 250 rpm with a discharge of 8 m³/s .The
vanes are radial at the inlet and the discharge is radially outwards at the outlet. Calculate the angle
of guide vane at inlet and blade angle at the outlet.
A turbine is to operate a head of a 25 m at 200 rpm; the available discharge is 9m³/s assuming an
9 efficiency of 90%. Determine (1) Specific speed (2) Power generated (3) Performance under a head of
20 m (4) The type of turbine
10 How will you classify the Turbines?

UNIT – 5
HYDRAULIC PUMPS
Q.No. PART-A (Two Marks Questions)
1 Define the Manometric efficiency and the mechanical efficiency of a pump.
2 What are the operating characteristic curves of centrifugal pump?
3 List the losses in centrifugal pump.
4 What is meant by NPSH?

8
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY (18MEC214)

5 Define slip, negative slip in reciprocating pump.
6 What are the uses of air vessels
7 What is negative slip in a reciprocating pump? What are the causes for it
8 What are the advantages of air vessel?
9 When will you select a reciprocating pump?
10 Mention the significance of “Back leakage”
11 Mention the main parts of the Centrifugal pumps
12 What is indicator diagram?
13 What is the function of non-return valve in reciprocating pump?
14 How can you find the slip of a reciprocating pump.
15 Why is priming necessary in centrifugal pump?
16 What are the functions of air vessels
17 State the main classification of reciprocating pump.
18 Classify pumps on the basis of transfer of mechanical energy.
19 Define cavitation in centrifugal pump.
20 Define maximum suction height in centrifugal pump.
PART-B (Ten Marks Questions)
A centrifugal pump running at 800 rpm is working against a total head of 20.2 m. The external
diameter of the impeller is 480 mm and the outlet width is 60 mm. If the vane angle at outlet is 40°
1 and manometric efficiency is 70%, determine (i) Flow velocity at outlet, (ii) Absolute velocity of water
leaving the vane. (iii) Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with the direction of motion. (iv)
Rate of flow through the pump.
The dimensionless specific speed of a centrifugal pump is 0.06. Static head is 32 m. Flow rate is 50 l/s.
The suction and delivery pipes are each of diameter 15 cm. The friction factor is 0.02. Total length is
2 60 m other losses equal 4 times the velocity head in the pipe. The vanes are forward curved at 120°.
The width is one tenth of the diameter. There is a 7% reduction in flow area due to the blade
thickness. The manometric efficiency is 80%. Determine the impeller diameter if inlet is radial. (ii)
Explain about the performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps.
A centrifugal pump running at 920 rpm and delivering 0.32 m3/s of water against a 'head of 28 m, the
3 flow velocity being 3 m/s. If the manometric efficiency is 80% determine the diameter and width of
the impeller. The blade angle at outlet is 25°.
A centrifugal pump has an impeller 500 mm in diameter running at 400 rpm. The discharge at the
4 inlet is entirely radial. The velocity of the flow at outlet is 1 m/s. The vanes are curved backwards at
outlet at 30° to the wheel tangent. If the discharge of the pump is 0.14 m3/s, calculate the impeller
power and the torque on the shaft.
5 Explain the working principle of reciprocating pump with neat sketch.
6 Define cavitation and discuss its causes, effects and prevention
The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 120 mm and mm respectively. The
water is lifted by a pump through a total head of 25 m. The diameter and length of delivery pipe are
7 100 mm and 20 rn respectively. Find out: Theoretical discharge and theoretical power required to run
the pump if its speed is 60rpm, percentage of slip, if the actual discharge is 2.35 lit/s and the
acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke.
8 State the main classification of reciprocating pump.
9 Explain difference between turbines and pumps.
10 Explain difference between centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps.

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