IT Support Service

Level I

Learning guide #23

Unit of Competence: Operate Personal Computer
Module Title: Operating Personal Computer
LG Code: ICT ITS1 M07 L01-LG-23
TTLM Code: ICT ITS1 TTLM07 1019v1

LO1: Start the computer

 Instruction Sheet 1 Learning Guide # 23

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –
 Checking Peripheral device connections
 Understanding OHS standards
 Checking Input voltage
 Switching on Power at both the power point and computer
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
 Check peripheral device connections for correct position
 Understand OHS standards
 Check input voltage for the device based on the OHS standards
 Switch the power on at both the power point and computer
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet
4” in page -3, 9, 15 and 19 respectively.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” in page -
8, 14, 18 and 21 respectively.
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Operation
Sheet 1, Operation Sheet 2 and Operation Sheet 4” in page -22,23 and 24
respectively.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page – 25 -26 (if you are ready).

 Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if
satisfactory you can proceed to the next topic.

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Information Sheet 1 Checking Peripheral device connections

1.1. Computer
An electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data, and can be programmed
with instructions that it remembers. The physical parts that make up a computer (the central
processing unit, input, output and memory) are called “hardware”. Programs that tell a
computer what to do are called “software”.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The computing concept

A computer (also referred to as a PC) can be used for various functions, eg word
processing, spreadsheets, databases, business accounting, desktop publishing, accessing the
Internet, sending email, playing games, movies, music, etc.

1. Monitor (or Screen or VDU - Visual Display Unit)

2. The monitor (or screen) enables the operator to view data (and to alter it before printing it
out).
3. System Unit containing CPU (Central Processing Unit)
4. The System Unit can contain storage devices such as a hard disk, floppy disk drive and CD
ROM drive. A chip (called a Central Processing Unit) within the system unit processes
data and relays messages to and from the keyboard, monitor, disk drives and printer.
5. Keyboard: The computer keyboard has the standard QWERTY layout with extra keys for
specific functions.
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6. Speakers: The speakers play sound when on-capable features are accessed on the computer.
7. Mouse: A mouse is used to select menu options, text and graphics displayed on the monitor.
8. Printer: A printer is used to print text and graphics onto paper.
9. Hardware: The physical components of a computer system - everything that you can touch
- are called hardware.
10. Software: The programs used on a computer are called software. This includes system
software and application software such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, etc. System
software is necessary in order to run a computer and all applications within it.

11. The System Unit: The System Unit contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU, also
referred to as the “processor”), motherboard, memory, video card, sound card, and
other internal devices. It also has disk drives for storage media, and ports for
external devices.
12. The Processor
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of your computer. It is a “chip”
where your computer interprets and processes information. It relays
messages to and from the keyboard, monitor, disk and printer.

13. Hard Disk, Floppy Disk and CD ROM Drives

Drives are used to store and access data. A hard disk drive is a permanent storage
device within your computer. Floppy disk and CD ROM drives allow you to read
data from portable media (CDs and floppy disks).

14. Video Card

A video card fits inside your computer and determines the resolution (fineness of
information) and number of colors your monitor can display. In addition to color,
some video cards allow the display of graphics such as graphs, circles and geometric
designs as well as text.

15. Memory
Your computer has a brain that processes information and a memory that stores the
information. The memory is not a permanent storage place for information. It is
only active while your computer is turned on. To avoid losing your work you should
save data on a disk (i.e. hard disk or floppy disk) for permanent storage (ie USB or
memory stick).

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1.2. Identifying the parts of a personal computer
A peripheral device is defined as a computer device connects to a computer system
to add functionality., such as a keyboard or printer, that is not part of the
essential computer (i.e., the memory and microprocessor). These auxiliary devices are
intended to be connected to the computer and used.
There are many different models of personal computers. They include desktop personal
computers (PC), notebooks and laptops but they all have the same basic hardware
parts:
 a keyboard
 mouse/touch pad/trackball
 monitor (screen)
 System unit.
The diagram below shows a typical set up of a personal computer.

Figure 1: The typical set up of a personal computer

Another type of personal computer is a notebook. A notebook is a compact computer

that is easily transported and can be powered by batteries.

Figure 2: Notebook computer

Next time you see a shop that sells computers you could
have a look at some of the computers, notebooks, laptops and
palm pilots that are available.

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1.2.1. How computer works
The computer system needs people, data, hardware and software to operate. The
process for getting data in, processing the data and getting the information out is known
as input/process/output.
1.2.2. Input

Input is the data that is entered into the computer. It is entered through input devices.
Some examples of input devices are:

 mouse
 keyboard
 microphone
 scanner
 digital camera
 joy stick
 touch pad
 MP3 player
 Digital video player (plays DVDs).

Using a mouse (input device)

The mouse is used to move the mouse pointer around the

screen and to perform tasks such as moving and opening
folders or files. A mouse could be attached to a computer with a
cord or it may be cordless (a remote mouse).

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You see the position of the mouse on the screen by seeing a symbol. The mouse symbol moves
around the screen as you move the mouse. Depending on the task you are doing, the mouse
symbol could look like any of the following.

A mouse pointer: means you can click on an item, such as a folder icon, to select it
or move it.

A timer: means the computer is busy processing a task so you need to wait until the
computer finishes the task and the symbol changes back.

Flashing insertion point: When you click the mouse the insertion point will flash if
text can be entered or deleted.
I I-beam: This shows you where your mouse is when it is hovering over text.
1.2.3. Output
Output is what the computer displays as a result of processing data (eg calculations or
instructions). Some examples of output devices are:
 printers
 speakers
 monitor/screen.
 Etc.

Figure 3: A computer with typical input and output devices

1.2.4. Process
Processing refers to the computer performing operations and calculations (using the
data that has been input and software). This processing of data is done by the central
processing unit (CPU) that is housed in the system unit.

Table 1: Computer system have the following two mail parts Eg.
Hardware Software
Peripherals: Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Word
Mouse External CD Writer Microsoft Excel
Monitor Printer Microsoft PowerPoint
Keyboard Scanner Microsoft Internet Explorer
Computer Games

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1. Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B

________ 1. A. Flashing Insertion Point

________ 2. B. I-beam

________ 3. C. Mouse pointer

________ 4. I D. Timer

2. Type whether the device is an Input Device or Output Device. (7 points)

Peripherals Type of Device

Printer
Speaker
Monitor
Scanner
Mouse
Microphone
Keyboard

Note: Satisfactory rating - 10 points Unsatisfactory - below 10 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

http://www.euro.who.int/data/assets/pdf_file/0007/115486/E77650.pdf

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Information Sheet 2 Understanding OHS standards

2.1. Definition
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) - A planned system of working to prevent illness
and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. - Health
and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology
industries.
The Occupational Safety and Health Standards was formulated in 1978 in
compliance with the constitutional mandate to safeguard the worker's social and
economic well-being as well as his physical safety and health.
2.2. Purpose of OHS
The purpose of the Health and Safety policies and procedures is to guide and direct
all employees to work safely and prevent injury, to themselves and others. All
employees are encouraged to participate in developing, implementing, and enforcing
Health and Safety policies and procedures. The six main categories of hazards are:
 Biological. Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, etc.,
that can cause adverse health impacts. ...
 Chemical. Chemical hazards are hazardous substances that can cause harm.
Gases, dusts, fumes, vapors and liquids.
 Physical: Slippery floors, objects in walkways, unsafe or misused machinery,
excessive noise, poor lighting, fire.
 Safety. ...
 Ergonomic: poor design of equipment, workstation design, (postural) or
workflow, manual handling, repetitive movement.
 Psychosocial.

2.3. 5 basic workplace hazards

The most common hazards are from chemicals, fires, repetitive motion, electricity and
fall related injuries. Keeping your employees safe can ensure a happier, more
productive workplace. Build safety policies that address the specific hazards in your
workplace.

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There are a number of safety hazards linked with using computers and ICT devices.
This section looks into some of these potential hazards and what you can do to prevent
them. We will also look at some of the medical conditions and health problems that
prolonged use of ICT devices can cause and what you can do to avoid them.
Health problems
There are a number of health problems that you can suffer if you use ICT devices
incorrectly or for too long. The main ones are:
1. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
2. Back and Neck Strain
3. Eye Strain and Headaches
2.4. Description of these health problems, their causes and how to prevent
them
 RSI causes painful swelling of the wrist and fingers. Sufferers with really bad
RSI are unable to use their hands at all.
 RSI is caused by doing the same small movements over and over
again across a long period of time. For example, clicking a mouse button
repeatedly.
 Computer users who type and use a mouse all day long are commonly
affected.
 Back ache and neck ache can cause great pain and really affect the quality of
your life. Both back and neck ache can be caused by sitting incorrectly and
using poor quality chairs without back rests. This is called poor posture
2.5. Staring at a computer screen for too long can strain your eyes and cause
headaches. Eye strain can cause your vision to blur. Common causes of
eye strain are screen flicker and having direct light causing screen glare

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 2.6. Safety Issues
There are a number of safety issues that can arise from using ICT devices. Some of
these safety issues include:
1. Electrocution
2. Tripping over wires
3. Heavy equipment falling on you
4. Fire risks
Description of these safety issues
 Most ICT devices require an electrical power source. Whenever you have
electrical power sources you run the risk of the electrocution.
 ICT devices with wires can make a room a potential hazard. Trailing wires are
easy to trip over if they are not secured or tucked away.
 Some ICT devices (like computer screens) are fairly heavy and can
cause injury if they fall on you. Equipment should be positioned securely on
strong desks and tables well away from the edge.
 ICT devices require power from a mains outlet. If too many devices are
plugged into a single main at the same time it is possible to overload the
circuit and start an electrical fire. You need to ensure that your room has many
plug sockets so you don't have to overload any single one.

You wouldn't imagine that using computers could be dangerous, but there are a few
situations that can result in accidents...
Trailing Cables
Computer equipment is often connected to lots of cables: power, network, etc. If these
cables are laying on the floor, they can cause people to trip over them

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Solution: Place cables inside cable ducts, or under the carpet / flooring

Spilt Drinks or Food

If any liquids are spilt on electrical equipment, such a s a computer, it can result in
damage to the equipment, or an electric shock to the user. Solution: Keep drinks and

food away from computers

Overloaded Power Sockets
Plugging too many power cables into a socket can result in the socket being
overloaded, overheating, and a fire starting.

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Solution: Never plug too many cables into a socket. Always make sure there are fire

extinguishers nearby
Heavy Objects Falling
Many items of computer equipment are very heavy: CRT monitors, laser printers, etc.
Heavy items can cause serious injury if they fall on people.
Solution: Make sure equipment is placed on strong tables / shelves

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Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. The purpose of the Health and Safety policies and procedures is to guide and
direct all employees to work safely and prevent injury, to themselves and others
(If the statement is correct Say True or else False)

2. List Five OHS Hazards? (5 point)

3. Why we need Safety in ICT?

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Reference: Good Practice in Occupational Health Services by WHO

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 Information Sheet 3 Checking Input voltage

1.1. Description
Power supply is an important component of the system, and there is no computer that
will be able to work without it. It provides all the consumers inside computer case with
the required electrical energy, while converting the AC voltage that comes from the
electric socket into a constant one. Choosing a power supply for a computer, you need
to be guided by its power, based on the number of consumers that will be connected to
it. If the power supply fails, the entire computer will not be able to operate. That’s why
the power supply unit should be the first one to check in case your computer is not
starting, and there are several ways to do this. It can be stated that the power supply
does not work in the proper mode (or there is another problem) in case you notice the
following “symptoms” in your computer:

When you press the power button, nothing happens, that is, there is no light, no sound
indication and coolers do not start to rotate. Since the power supply is a component that
supplies other elements with a constant voltage.

it is very likely that it had failed or there are other problems with the transfer of power to
the elements of your computer – breaks in the wires, unstable supply of AC voltage
from the network; Your computer does not always turn on at once. In such a situation,
there could be a power supply failure, poor connection or a power button malfunction;

Your computer is spontaneously shutting down while the operating system is booting.
This may occur due to intermittent voltage transfer from power supply to the other
components of your computer. Also, such a problem may indicate power supply
overheating and forced shutdown.

The power supply unit is one of the most reliable computer components and it rarely
becomes unusable. If the power supply fails, the reason would be in its poor quality or in
the constant fluctuations of voltage across the electric network.

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1.2. Steps to check the computer power supply voltage
 Plug the power supply into the wall.
 Find the big 24-ish pin connector that connects to the motherboard.
 Connect the GREEN wire with the adjacent BLACK wire.
 The power supply's fan should start up. If it doesn't then it's dead.
 If the fan starts up, then it could be the motherboard that's dead.
1.3. Starting a computer running

Starting your computer is also known as booting the computer. It is important to switch
your computer on in the correct way because the computer will check the peripheral
devices on start up. Starting the computer will also start the operating system.

Figure 1: If the power switch on the system unit is off (no light), then you need to turn
on the computer parts in the correct sequence

1.3.1. Sequence for starting a computer

1. Check peripheral device connections.

2. Turn on power at the power outlet.
3. If the monitor has a separate switch, turn it on.
4. Switch on the printer.
5. Check to see if there is a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive if your computer has one.
Eject the disk to ensure the computer starts from the hard drive.
6. Switch on the system unit. If using a desktop PC, the power switch is usually a button
on the front or side of the system unit. If using a laptop, the power switch is usually at
the top of the keyboard.

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 7. The computer will perform a start-up routine. When the start-up routine has completed
then the operating system will start.

1.3.2. Sequence for shutting down a computer

1. Follow this sequence if you do not have to log off first.
2. Close all files (remember to save your latest work if necessary).
3. Close all software programs.
4. Remove floppy disks or other storage media from drives if necessary.
5. Click on Start on the taskbar. Select Turn Off computer from the Start menu.
6. Check that Turn off is selected.
7. Click on OK to confirm. Your computer may automatically turn the power off but if
not you will get a message like ‘It is now safe to turn off your computer.’
8. Switch off the computer and the power outlet.

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 Self-Check -3 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B.

Column A Column B

______1. Power supply A. Starting your computer

______ 2. Booting B. AC to DC

______ 3. Operating system C. Windows 7

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

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 Switching on Power at both the power point and
Information Sheet 4
computer

4.1. Overview
A switched-mode power supply (SMPS) is an electronic circuit that converts power
using switching devices that are turned on and off at high frequencies, and storage
components such as inductors or capacitors to supply power when the switching device
is in its non-conduction state.
4.2. Logging on
The computer you are using may have been set up so that you need to log on to the
computer in order to be able to access the software and stored data, and commence
using it. This is a security feature that is often in place for computers in the workplace,
school, college or other large organisation.
When you log on you are connecting the computer with a network of other computers
in the organisation.
If you need to log on you will see a box on the screen asking you for two items of
information that you need to type in:
1. Username
2. Password.
Usernames and passwords are set (for each authorized user) by the IT Administrator for
the organisation. Your teacher or IT Department (in an organisation) will provide you
with these details.
Sequence for Switching on Power of computer
1. Check peripheral device connections.
2. Turn on power at the power outlet.
3. If the monitor has a separate switch, turn it on.

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 4.3. Security conditions
Your username and password determines what information and features of the
computer and network you have access to, and this is determined by the IT security
policy of the organisation.
Therefore, it is important to note the conditions of use that apply to you when you log on
to a computer with your username and password. These conditions appear on the
screen before you are asked to enter your name and password. You must click on the
OK button after you have read the conditions. This enables you to get to the log on
screen where you enter your name and password.
4.4. Shutting down a computer
It is good practice to use the correct shut down procedure when you want to turn off
your computer so that you do not lose data. If you still have any software applications or
files open, they will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Each of the applications
and files must be closed. You may get a message asking you to confirm whether files
need to be saved. Make sure you save any work you have done before you turn off the
computer.
Depending on whether or not you have had to log on to start using a computer, you will
need to follow a different sequence shutting down the computer.

Sequence for Turn off a computer:

1. Follow this sequence if you do not have to log off first.

2. Close all files (remember to save your latest work if necessary).
3. Close all software programs.
4. Remove floppy disks or other storage media from drives if necessary.
5. Click on Start on the taskbar. Select Turn Off computer from the Start menu.
6. Check that Turn off is selected.
4.5. Logging off
If you have had to log on to the computer when you started the session, then you need
to log off when you finish your session on the computer.
Logging off means you are disconnecting the computer from the network and no one
else will be able to access the same computer unless they also have a log on
(username and password). You must log off the computer regardless of whether or not
you will be turning off the power.
If you don’t log off the computer, then you will be preventing other people from using the
same computer and being able to log on with their own name and password. In the
workplace, failure to log off will probably also mean that other people (who may be
unauthorised to use your computer) can access all the files that you have access to.
This could mean a serious breach of security in an organisation.

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Self-Check -4 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. If you need to log on you will see a box on the screen asking you for two items of
information that you need to type is?
A. Username and Email
B. Username and Password
C. Password and Email
D. A and B
2. Which one is the first task to start the computer
A. Log off
B. Booting
C. Shutdown
D. Connect peripherals
3. If you have had to log on to the computer when you started the session, then you
need to ____________when you finish your session on the computer.
A. Log off
B. Booting
C. Shutdown
D. Connect peripheral

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

https://www.slideshare.net/catherinelvillanueva1/ict-83930037

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 Operation Sheet 1 Checking Input voltage

 Steps to check the computer power supply voltage

1. Plug the power supply into the wall.
2. Find the big 24-ish pin connector that connects to the motherboard.
3. Connect the GREEN wire with the adjacent BLACK wire.
4. The power supply's fan should start up. If it doesn't then it's dead.
5. If the fan starts up, then it could be the motherboard that's dead.
 Sequence for starting a computer

1. Check peripheral device connections.

2. Turn on power at the power outlet.
3. If the monitor has a separate switch, turn it on.
4. Switch on the printer.
5. Check to see if there is a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive if your computer has
one. Eject the disk to ensure the computer starts from the hard drive.
6. Switch on the system unit. If using a desktop PC, the power switch is usually a
button on the front or side of the system unit. If using a laptop, the power switch
is usually at the top of the keyboard.
7. The computer will perform a start-up routine. When the start-up routine has
completed then the operating system will start.
 Sequence for shutting down a computer

1. Follow this sequence if you do not have to log off first.

2. Close all files (remember to save your latest work if necessary).
3. Close all software programs.
4. Remove floppy disks or other storage media from drives if necessary.
5. Click on Start on the taskbar. Select Turn Off computer from the Start menu.
6. Check that Turn off is selected.
7. Click on OK to confirm. Your computer may automatically turn the power off but if
not you will get a message like ‘It is now safe to turn off your computer.’
8. Switch off the computer and the power outlet.

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 Operation Sheet 2 Checking Input voltage

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 Operation Sheet 4 Checking Input voltage

 Sequence for Switching on Power of computer

1. Check peripheral device connections.
2. Turn on power at the power outlet.
3. If the monitor has a separate switch, turn it on.
 Sequence for Turn off a computer:

1. Follow this sequence if you do not have to log off first.

2. Close all files (remember to save your latest work if necessary).
3. Close all software programs.
4. Remove floppy disks or other storage media from drives if necessary.
5. Click on Start on the taskbar. Select Turn Off computer from the Start menu.
6. Check that Turn off is selected.

https://www.slideshare.net/catherinelvillanueva1/ict-83930037

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Lap Test
Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to
perform the following tasks within --- hour.

Task 1. Start up a computer

Follow these steps to practice starting up a computer.

Steps
1 Check peripheral device connections.
2 Turn on power at the power outlet.
3 If the monitor has a separate switch, turn it on.
4 Switch on the printer.
5 Check to see if there is a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive if your computer has one.
Eject the disk to ensure the computer starts from the hard drive.

6 Switch on the system unit.

If using a desktop PC, the power switch is usually a button on the front or side of the
system unit. If using a laptop the power switch is usually at the top of the keyboard.
7 The computer will perform a start-up routine.
When the start-up routine has completed then the operating system will start.

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Task 2. Shut down a computer
Follow these steps to practice shutting down a computer. You may like to tick off the steps as
you do them.

Steps
1 Close all files (remember to save your latest work if necessary).

2 Close all software programs.

3 Remove floppy disks or other storage media from drives if necessary.

4 Click on Start on the taskbar.

5 Select Turn Off computer from the Start menu.

6 Check that Turn off is selected.

7 Click on OK to confirm. Your computer may automatically turn the power off
but if not you will get a message like ‘It is now safe to turn off your computer.’

8 Switch off the computer and the power outlet.

 Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

unsatisfactory, your trainer shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory,
you can proceed to the next topic.

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 List of Reference Materials

1. http://www.euro.who.int/data/assets/pdf_file/0007/115486/E77650.pdf

2. https://www.slideshare.net/catherinelvillanueva1/ict-83930037

3. Microsoft Office step by step guide

4. Fundamentals of Computing
5. Introduction to computer
6. TTLM or modules and journal of ICT
7. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
8. Good Practice in Occupational Health Services by WHO

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Experts

The development of this Learning Gide for the TVET Program Information technology
support service Level I.

No Name of Trainers Phone E-mail Address Region

Number
1 Abdulakim Ahemed 0921900418 Harari
2 Assefa Million 0911034866 amen192005@gmail.com Harari
3 Derese Teshome 0913938439 dereseteshome@gmail.com AA
4 Getenesh Osamo 0923816933 gete.osamo@gmail.com SNNPR
5 Remedan Mohammed 0913478937 remedanm77@gmail.com Harari
6 Sewayehu W/Yohanes 0911716733 Baroke0816@gmail.com SNNPR
7 Damelash Yihalem 0911912015 demenati@gmail.com Harari

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