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11 views13 pages

lec02_small_signal_analysis

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INEL 4202 – 2S2021 8/20/2024

Last Lecture – MOS & BJT Basics


✓ Large Signal Model
✓ Small Signal Model
✓ Small Signal Analysis
❑ Amplification Stages
❑ Terminal Impedances
❑ Multi-Stage Amplifiers

1
Electronics I
2
Electronics I

Common Source Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝒗𝟎
For the given circuit find the expression for: , 𝑹𝒊𝒏 , and 𝑹𝒐
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈
3
Electronics I

Common Source Amplifier 8/20/2024

Small Signal Circuit

Voltages and currents of the small signal


circuit represent signal changes!
4
Electronics I

Common Source Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝑹𝒊𝒏 = 𝑹𝑮 ԡ𝑹𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝑹𝑮
Gate terminal presents a high
impedance node (∞)

𝑹𝟎 = 𝑹𝑫 ԡ𝑹𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 = 𝑹𝑫 ԡ𝒓𝟎
Drain terminal represents a high
impedance node (𝒓𝟎 – no degeneration)

Attenuation due to RG

𝑽𝟎 𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝑽𝟎 𝑹𝑮
𝑨𝒗 = = = −𝒈𝒎 𝑹𝑫 ԡ𝑹𝑳 ԡ𝒓𝟎
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒈 + 𝑹𝑮
CS Stage – high negative gain
5
Electronics I

Common Drain Amplifier 8/20/2024

Small Signal Circuit


6
Electronics I

Common Drain Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝑽𝟎 𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝑽𝟎 Assume r0=∞


𝑨𝒗 = =
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝑽𝒊𝒏

Attenuation due to RG
𝑹𝑮 𝒈𝒎 𝑹𝑳
𝑨𝒗 =
𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒈 + 𝑹𝑮 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝑹𝑳
CD Stage – gain ~ 1V/V

𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝟎 = ብ 𝑹𝑳 ԡ𝒓𝟎 ≈ 𝑹𝒊𝒏 = 𝑹𝑮 ԡ𝑹𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝑹𝑮
𝒈𝒎 𝒈𝒎
Source terminal represents Gate terminal presents a
a low impedance node ! high impedance node (∞)
Zout = output impedance (takes in account everything connected to the output node) 7
Electronics I ZL = load impedance (takes in account the load only)

BJT – Single Stage Amplifiers 8/20/2024

Common-Emmitter Common-Collector Common-Base


Voltage Gain
𝒈𝒎 𝒈𝒎
𝑣𝑜 ≅− ∙𝐙 ≅+ ∙𝒁 = +𝒈𝒎 ∙ 𝐙𝐨𝐮𝐭
𝐴𝑣 = 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒆 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝐋 𝐋
𝑣𝑖
Input Resistance 𝟏
= 𝒓𝝅 (𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒆 ) = 𝒓𝝅 (𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒆 ) ≅
𝑅𝑖 𝒈𝒎
Output Resistance 𝟏 𝒁𝒃
= 𝒓𝒐 (𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒆 ) ≅ + = 𝒓𝒐 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 (𝒁𝒊 //𝒁𝒆 )
𝑅𝑜 𝒈𝒎 𝜷𝒐 + 𝟏
Zout = output impedance (takes in account everything connected to the output node) 8
Electronics I ZL = load impedance (takes in account the load only)

MOS – Single Stage Amplifiers 8/20/2024

Common-Source Common-Drain Common-Gate


Voltage Gain
𝒈𝒎 𝒈𝒎
𝒗𝒐 =− ∙𝒁 =+ ∙𝒁 = +𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝑨𝒗 = 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒔 𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝑳 𝑳
𝒗𝒊
Input Resistance 𝟏
=∞ =∞ =
𝑹𝒊 𝒈𝒎
Output Resistance 𝟏
= 𝒓𝟎 (𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 𝒁𝒔 ) = = 𝒓𝟎 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎 (𝒁𝒊 //𝒁𝒔 )
𝑹𝒐 𝒈𝒎
9
Electronics I

Terminal Impedances 8/20/2024

BJT Equivalent Impedance MOSFET Equivalent Impedance


Base 𝑟𝜋 1 + 𝑔𝑚 ∙ 𝑍𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 Gate ∞
Collector 𝑟0 1 + 𝑔𝑚 ∙ 𝑍𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 Drain 𝑟0 1 + 𝑔𝑚 ∙ 𝑍𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒
Emitter 1Τ𝑔𝑚 + 𝑍𝑏 Τ(𝛽 + 1) Source 1Τ𝑔𝑚

The equivalent impedance at a node will be the parallel


combination of all the impedances attached to it!
10
Electronics I

Multistage Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝒗𝟎
For the given circuit find the expression for: , 𝑹𝒊𝒏 , and 𝑹𝒐
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈
11
Electronics I

Multistage Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝒗𝟎
For the given circuit find the expression for: , 𝑹𝒊𝒏 , and 𝑹𝒐
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈

Small Signal Circuit


12
Electronics I

Multistage Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝒗𝟎
For the given circuit find the expression for: , 𝑹𝒊𝒏 , and𝑹 𝑹𝒐 𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟐
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝟎𝟏

𝒗𝟎 𝒗𝒃𝟏 𝒗𝒃𝟐 𝒗𝟎
𝑨𝒗 = = 𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟏
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝒗𝒃𝟏 𝒗𝒃𝟐

𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟏 = 𝒓𝝅𝟏 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎𝟏 𝑹𝑬


𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟐 = 𝒓𝝅𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎𝟐 𝑹𝑳
𝑹𝟎𝟏 = 𝒓𝟎𝟏 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎𝟏 𝑹𝑬

𝑹𝟏 ԡ𝑹𝟐 ԡ𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟏 𝒈𝒎𝟏 𝑹𝑪 ԡ𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟐 ԡ𝑹𝟎𝟏 𝒈𝒎𝟐 𝑹𝑳


𝑨𝒗 = −
𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒈 + 𝑹𝟏 ԡ𝑹𝟐 ԡ𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟏 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎𝟏 𝑹𝑬 𝟏 + 𝒈𝒎𝟐 𝑹𝑳
13
Electronics I

Multistage Amplifier 8/20/2024

𝒗𝟎
For the given circuit find the expression for: , 𝑹𝒊𝒏 , and𝑹 𝑹𝒐 𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟐
𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒈 𝟎𝟏

𝑹𝒊𝒏 = 𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒈 + 𝑹𝟏 ԡ𝑹𝟐 ԡ𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟏 𝑹𝒊𝒏𝟏

𝟏 𝑹𝑪 ԡ𝑹𝟎𝟏
𝑹𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝑹𝑪 ԡ +
𝒈𝒎𝟐 𝜷

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