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Kscom7 PWM

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9 views6 pages

Kscom7 PWM

Uploaded by

Kalpana Scientific
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 6

TO STUDY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION &

DEMODULATION

AIM: 1
To study Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation Process


APPARATUS USED:

(i) PWM Trainer Kit (ii) CRO with connecting probes (iii) Connecting cords.

INTRODUCTION:

Pulse Modulation is used to transmit analog information, such as speech signal. It is a system in
which continuous waveforms are sampled at regular intervals. Information regarding the signal is
transmitted only as pulse width together with any synchronizing pulses that may be required. At
the receiving end, the original waveform is reconstructed from the samples, if these are taken
frequently enough. Despite the fact that information about the signal is not supplied
continuously, as in Amplitude Modulation or Frequency Modulation, the resulting receiver
output can have good reproduction with negligible or moderate distortion. Pulse Modulation may
be subdivided broadly into two categories, Analog and Digital. In the former, the indication of
sample Width may be continually variable, while in the latter a code which indicates the sample
Amplitude to the nearest predetermined level is sent. Pulse Width Modulation is an analog
communication which is discussed in the following section.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:
1. AF Signal Generator 200 Hz to 2 kHz (Frequency and Amplitude variable)
2. Clock Generator.
3. PWM Modulator
4. PWM Demodulator consisting of
5. Low Pass Filter and Amplifier.
6. Built-in power supplies ± 12V/500 mA, ±5V/500 mA.

HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:
1. Pulse Width Modulation and Demodulation Trainer Kit.
2. Built in DC power supply ± 12V/500 mA, ±5V/500 mA.
3. Provided with 4mm Sockets.
4. The ICs provided on the board are TL084, 565 , 74163 , 555 , 8038 , CA 3140.
5. Set of Patch chords Stackable 4 mm - 8Nos.
6. User Manual.

2
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

1. AF SIGNAL GENERATOR
The AF Signal Generator designed around the popular Function Generator IC 8038. The required
range 200 Hz to 2 kHz is covered. The sine wave output is available at AF output. The frequency
and amplitude of the output can be adjusted with the help of potentiometers, provided in the front
panel of the trainer kit.

2. CLOCK GENERATOR
A clock pulse generator is provided for producing square wave pulses of suitable amplitude and
frequency. The clock pulse frequency can be varied with the help of potentiometer provided for
this purpose.

3. PWM MODULATOR
PWM modulator consists of one stage of resettable Monostable Multivibrator 555 IC. The Sync.
Clock is given at the Trigger input (Pin 2) and the AF input is given at (Pin 5.) which is the
control voltage input of the 555 IC. The 555 IC is triggered at the -Ve edge of the Clock. The
pulse is reset depending upon the amplitude of the analog input at pin 5 thus generating PWM
pulses. The output pulses at pin 3 are positive pulses with the rising edge at fixed time position
(that is the falling edge of the sync. Clock), while the falling edge of the output is time
modulated is time modulated with respect to the analog input. This is PWM Pulse Stream.

4. PWM DEMODULATOR
The PWM Demodulator consists of an Allen Sally second order active Low Pass Filter preceded
by a unity gain buffer and followed by a pre settable gain amplifier (TL 084.)

EXPERIMENTAL PROCUDRE:

3
1. Make the connections as shown in the above figure. Observe the AF signal generator output in
an Oscilloscope; it is a sine wave of frequency varying from 200 Hz to 2 kHz with 0-5V p-p
amplitude variation. Adjust the frequency to nearly 1 KHz, with the help of Potentiometer.

2. Connect the AF output of the AF signal generator to the AF input of the PPM modulator
3. Observe the output of the clock generator. Its frequency can be varied using Potentiometer.
Adjust the frequency to a suitable value.
4. Connect the clock pulse generator output to the clock pulse input of the PPM modulator

5. Connect the AF signal input to CH1 and PPM signal from sampled output to CH2 of the
Oscilloscope.
6. Connect the PPM modulated signal to the PPM demodulator

7. Connect the demodulated signal in channel 2 and connect modulating AF signal in channel 1

Fig.1: Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation Waveforms.

4
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sl. No. Control Voltage Output Pulse Width (ms)

GRAPH (S

5
PRECAUTIONS:

 Switch off the experimental kit during making connections.


 Use the CRO carefully.

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