Lab Report # 06

For the Course

EE-368 Power Electronics

For
B.E. Electrical Engineering

Group Members
Osaid Ahmad 336091

Degree 42
Syndicate C

Submitted To:
Lab Engineer Haris Attaullah

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering (CEME), NUST - Pakistan
 EE-368 Power Electronics

Lab 06: Power Inductor Design for Buck Converter

Design and implement the Buck Converter circuit for 10V DC input to 5V DC output. Use the
TL494 IC to generate a PWM signal (with 50% duty cycle) for the switch. Calculate values
of inductor and capacitor using the following formulas:

(𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝐷
𝐿=
∆𝐼𝑜 × 𝑓𝑠

∆𝐼𝑜
𝐶=
8 × 𝑓𝑠 × ∆𝑉𝑜

Use a wire and a coil to design the calculated inductance. Justify the calculations.

Calculations

Inductor Value

Formula to calculate the value of inductor for buck converter is given as:

(𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝐷
𝐿=
∆𝐼𝑜 × 𝑓𝑠

We need to find the value of ∆𝐼𝑜 first. We know that ∆𝐼𝑜 is actually 5% change in the
current at the load side. Therefore, we can write:

∆𝐼𝑜 = 5% 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑜

5 𝑉𝑂
∆𝐼𝑜 = × 𝐼𝑜 𝐼𝑜 =
100 𝑅𝐿

It is given that: VO = 7.5 V and RL = 5Ω

5
∆𝐼𝑜 = 0.05 × 𝐴
5

∆𝐼𝑜 = 0.05 𝐴

Assuming that the switching frequency is 10 kHz, we can find the value of inductance as:

(10 − 5) 0.50
𝐿= 𝐻
0.05 × 10 × 103

𝐿 = 5 𝑚𝐻

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Inductor Design

We know that the inductance of a coil is given by:

𝜇 𝑁2𝐴
𝐿=
𝑙

Where:

• L is the inductance in henry (H)

• μ is the permeability of the core material
• N is the number of turns
• A is the cross-sectional area of the core
• l is the length of the coil

For a solenoid (a tightly wound coil), the cross-sectional area A is given by the formula:

𝐴 = 𝜋 𝑟2

So, we can write:

𝜇 𝑁2 𝜋 𝑟2
𝐿=
𝑙

Re-arranging the above equation, we get:

𝐿×𝑙
𝑁= √
𝜇 𝜋 𝑟2

For Ferroxcube 3 (Mn-Zn-Ferrite Powder) core, the values are:

• 𝐿 = 5 𝑚𝐻
• 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑟 𝜇𝑜 = 1500 × 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝑁/𝐴2
• 𝐴 = 65.4 × 10−6 𝑚2
• 𝑙 = 1.4 𝑚

5 × 10−3 × 1.4
𝑁= √
1500 × 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 65.4 × 10−6

𝑁 = 239 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠

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Capacitor Design

Formula to calculate the value of capacitor for buck converter is given as:

∆𝐼𝑜
𝐶=
8 × 𝑓𝑠 × ∆𝑉𝑜

We need to find the value of ∆𝑉𝑜 first. We know that ∆𝑉𝑜 is actually 5% change in the
voltage at the load side. Therefore, we can write:

∆𝑉𝑜 = 5% 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑜

5
∆𝑉𝑜 = 100
× 𝑉𝑜

It is given that: VO = 7.5 V

∆𝑉𝑜 = 0.05 × 5 𝑉

∆𝑉𝑜 = 0.25 𝑉

Assuming that the switching frequency is 10 kHz, we can find the value of capacitance as:

0.05
𝐶= 𝐹
8 × 10 × 103 × 0.025

𝐶 = 25 𝜇𝐹

Required Components

S No. Component Quantity Description

1 MOSFET (Switch) 1 IRF6215

3 Schottky Diode 1 6TQ045

4 Inductor (coil) 1 5 mH

5 Capacitor 1 25 μF

6 Load Resistor 1 5Ω

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Circuit Diagram

Results

S No. Duty Cycle (D) Output Voltage (VO)

1 10% 8.54 V
2 20% 7.58 V
3 30% 6.61 V
4 40% 5.63 V
5 50% 4.65 V
6 60% 3.65 V
7 70% 2.65 V
8 80% 1.65 V
9 90% 0.65 V
10 100% 0.00001 V

It can be seen that for 50% duty cycle, the output voltage is around 5V which is almost
the half of the input voltage (i.e 10V).

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Conclusion

In this lab, the design and implementation of the Buck Converter circuit for the conversion
of a 10V DC input to a 5V DC output was successfully carried out. A function generator was
utilized to generate PWM signal with 50% duty cycle for the switch.

The experimental results, as demonstrated in the output voltage measurements for

varying duty cycles, confirmed the effectiveness of the design. Particularly, the
observation that the output voltage for a 50% duty cycle was approximately half of the
input voltage proves to the successful achievement of the desired voltage conversion.

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