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Practice Questions-LInear Algebra

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79 views2 pages

Practice Questions-LInear Algebra

Uploaded by

ananya
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Vector Space and Linear Transformations

1. Find a matrix representation of the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 4 be defined by


𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 8𝑧, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 4𝑥 − 5𝑧, 6𝑦) with respect to the usual bases.
2. Find a matrix representation of the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 2 be defined by
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2𝑥 − 3𝑦, 𝑥 + 4𝑦) with respect to the basis 𝐵 = {𝑒1 = (1, 0), 𝑒2 = (0, 1)} and
𝐵 ′ = {𝑣1 = (1, 3), 𝑣2 = (2, 5)}.
−8 23
Ans: [𝑇] = ( )
5 −13
3. Find a matrix representation of the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 be defined by
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (2𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑥 − 4𝑦, 3𝑥) with respect to the usual basis {𝑣1 = (1, 1, 1), 𝑣2 =
(1, 1, 0), 𝑣3 = (1, 0, 0)}.
3 3 3
Ans: [𝑇] = (−6 −6 −2)
6 5 −1

4. Using Gram Schmidt process construct an orthonormal set of basis vectors of 𝑅 3 for given
LI vectors 𝑆 = {𝑎1 = (1, 1, 1), 𝑎2 = (0,1, 1), 𝑎3 = (0, 0, 1)}
1 1 1
Ans: 𝑢1 = (1,1,1), 𝑢2 = (−2, 1, 1), 𝑢3 = (0, −1, 1)
√3 √6 √2

5. Using Gram Schmidt process construct an orthonormal set of basis vectors of 𝑅 3 for given
LI vectors 𝑆 = {𝑎1 = (1, 2, 1), 𝑎2 = (1,0, 1), 𝑎3 = (3, 1, 0)}
1 1 1
Ans: 𝑢1 = (1,2,1), 𝑢2 = (1, − 1, 1), 𝑢3 = (1,0, −1)
√6 √3 √2

6. Define 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (2𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑥 − 4𝑦, 3𝑥). Prove that T is an invertible linear


operator and also find 𝑇 −1 (1, 2, 3)
𝑟 𝑟 𝑞 𝑟 𝑞
Ans: 𝑇 −1 (𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟) = (3 , − 4 , 𝑝 − 6 + 2)
12

7. Let 𝑇 be a linear operator on 𝑅 3 defined by 𝑇(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) = (3𝑥1 + 𝑥3 , −2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 , −𝑥1 +


2𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 ). Prove that T is invertible and find the formula for 𝑇 −1 .
1 1 1
Ans: formula for 𝑇 −1 (𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟) = [9 (4𝑝 + 2𝑞 − 𝑟), (8𝑝 + 13𝑞 − 2𝑟), (−3𝑝 − 6𝑞 +
9 9
3𝑟)]

8. Show that the transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 3 defined by 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏) = (𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑏), for every


(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 2 is linear. Find its null space, nullity, range and rank.
Ans: Null space = {(0, 0)}, 𝑁𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑇 = 0
𝑅𝑇 = {𝑤 ∈ 𝑅 3 / 𝑇(𝑣) = 𝑤, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑣 ∈ 𝑅 2 }
The set {(1, 0), (0, 1)} is a basis of 𝑅 2
𝑇(1, 0) = (1, 1, 0)
𝑇(0, 1) = (1, −1, 1)
The range of 𝑇 is a subspace of 𝑅 3 generated by the vectors (1, 1, 0), (1, −1, 1) ∈ 𝑅 3
Let 𝜆1 (1, 1, 0) + 𝜆2(1,−1,1) = (0,0,0)
⇒ 𝜆1 = 𝜆2 = 0
Therefore, (1, 1, 0), (1, −1, 1) are linearly independent and generate 𝑅𝑇 .
⇒ The set {(1, 1, 0), (1, −1, 1) } is the basis of 𝑅𝑇 .
𝜌(𝑇) = dim(𝑅𝑇 ) = 2
9. Show that the transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 2 defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑦 + 𝑧), for every
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅 3 is linear. Find its null space and nullity.
Ans: 𝑁𝑇 = {𝑘(−1, 1, 1): 𝑘 ∈ 𝑅} and 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 1

10. Find the null space of the following matrices


3 2 1 2
𝐴=( ) and 𝐵 = ( )
−1 5 4 8
Ans: 𝑁𝐴 = {(0,0)} and nullity of 𝐴 = 0
𝑁𝐵 = {𝑘(−2,1); 𝑘 ∈ 𝑅} and nullity of 𝐵 = 1

11. Let 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧), then prove that I


is LO on 𝑅 3 . Further, express 𝑇(1, 2, 3) in terms of the basis elements {(1, 1, 0), (1, −1, 0),
(0, 1, 1)} 𝑖𝑛 𝑅 3 .
Ans: 𝑇(1, 2, 3) = (2, 5, −3) = 𝛼1 (1,1, 0) + 𝛼2 (1, −1, 0) + 𝛼3 (0, 1, 1)
⟹ 𝛼1 = 5, 𝛼2 = −3, 𝛼3 = −3
12. Express 𝑣 = (3, 4, 5) as a linear combination of 𝑣1 = (1, 2, 3), 𝑣2 = (2, 3, 4), 𝑣3 = (4, 3, 2)
1 3 1
Ans: 𝑣 = 2 𝑣1 + 4 𝑣2 + 4 𝑣3

13. Prove that 𝐵 = {(1, −3, 2), (2, 4, 1), (1, 1, 1)}forms a basis for 𝑅 3 . Further express 𝑢 =
(1, 2, 3) in terms of a basis vectors.
14. Let V be a vector space over a field F and B be a basis for V. Then prove that the
representation of any element 𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 in terms of elements in B is unique.
15. Prove that the vectors 𝑆 = { 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … , 𝑣𝑚 } from 𝐸 𝑛 are linearly independent if and only if
one of the vectors is a linear combination of the other.
16. Prove that the subset of a linearly independent set of vectors is linearly independent.
17. Prove that maximal linearly independent set of vectors in a vector space V form a basis
for V.

18. Prove that maximal linearly independent set of vectors in a vector space V form a basis
for V.

19. Prove that, if the vector space V has a basis B with n elements, then any set with 𝑛 + 1
vectors is linearly dependent and any set with 𝑛 − 1 vectors do not span V.
(Ans of Q16 and Q18).
20. Prove that the set of non-zero orthogonal vectors are linearly independent.

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