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Technion of GuangDong Exam Paper of Calculus 2

Technion of GuangDong exam paper of calculus 2

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
78 views8 pages

Technion of GuangDong Exam Paper of Calculus 2

Technion of GuangDong exam paper of calculus 2

Uploaded by

huang24695
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Differential and Integral Calculus 2M - 104022

FINAL B - SOLUTION
July 15, 2020

Your ID Number:

First name and Surname:

Guidelines

1. Duration: 3 hours. Use of calculators, personal dictionaries, electronic devices,


reference materials, personal notes or any other extra material is not allowed.

2. Explain your solutions, quote theorems you are using.


No credit will be given for non-justified answers!.
Write clear and complete answer for each problem in the pages allocated for it.

3. After finishing, scan it and upload it as you usually do with the homework assign-
ments. That is, In a vertical (portrait) mode and in a normal size of paper (not too
large and not too small).

4. A table of important formulas.

F~ · d~r = Q − Py dxdy, where F~ = (P, Q).


H RR
Green
RR x
F~ · d~r = (∇ ~ × F~ ) · n̂ dS, where F~ = (P, Q, R).
H
Stokes
F~ · n̂ dS = ~ · F~ ) dV , where S is a closed surface.
RR RRR
Gauss (∇
S V

1
Problem 1 (10 points)
Find an orthogonal (nearest point) projection of the point P = (5, −6, 3) to the plane
defined by points A = (2/3, 0, 0), B = (0, −1, 0), and C = (0, 0, 2).
Answer
First, let’s find the plane’s equation.
   
−→ 2 −→ 2
AB = − , −1, 0 , AC = − , 0, 2 ,
3 3
 
−→ −→ 4 2
AB × AC = −2, , − .
3 3
~ = (3, −2, 1). Therefore, the plane’s
Thus, we can take the normal of the plane to be N
equation is of the form:
3x − 2y + z + D = 0,
if we plug C = (0, 0, 2) we get D = −2 and so the plane’s equation is

3x − 2y + z − 2 = 0.

The line perpendicular to the plane which also passes through the point P = (5, −6, 3)
can naturally be parameterized by
~l(t) = (5, −6, 3) + t(3, −2, 1).

Plugging it in the plane’s equation yield a specific value of t which represents the nearest
point to P in the plane. That is,

3(5 + 3t) − 2(−6 − 2t) + 3 + t − 2 = 0

t = −2.
The nearest point to P in the plane is

l(t) = (5, −6, 3) − 2(3, −2, 1) = (−1, −2, 1) .

2
Problem 2 (15 points)
p
Find the tangent plane of the function f (x, y) = 41 − 4x2 − y 2 at (2, 3) and use it
to approximate f at the point (2.1, 2.9).

Answer
Notice that f is differentiable in a neighborhood of (2, 3) since it is a composition of
elementary functions which are defined over this neighborhood. We can also represent
the graph of f as a level surface of F (x, y, z) as follows:
z
p z }| {
0 = 41 − 4x2 − y 2 − f (x, y) = F (x, y, z).

Since F is differentiable in a neighborhood of (2, 3), we are able to find the normal to the
tangent plane using ∇F~ .
!
~ = −p 4x y
∇F , −p , −1 ,
41 − 4x2 − y 2 41 − 4x2 − y 2
 
~ (2, 3, f (2, 3)) = ∇F
~ (2, 3, 4) = 8 3
∇F − , − , −1 ,
4 4
~ = (8, 3, 4). The plane’s equation is
which means that we can choose the normal to be N
of the form
8x + 3y + 4z + D = 0.
Plugging the point (2,3,4) yields D = −41, hence, the plane’s equation is

8x + 3y + 4z + −41 = 0 .

We can extract z and write the plane’s equation as


41 − 8x − 3y
z= .
4
This representation makes it easy to approximate f at (2.1, 2.9).
41 − 8 · 2.1 − 3 · 2.9 41 − 16.8 − 8.7 41 − 25.5 15.5
f (2.1, 2.9) ≈ z(2.1, 2.9) = = = = = 3.875 .
4 4 4 4

3
Problem 3 (15 points)
The function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y has infinitely many local maximum points
and one local minimum point under the constraint (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 ≤ 2. Find the local
maxima and minimum. Explain why there are no other local extremal points, sketch the
graph of the function.

Answer
On one hand,
Constraint
f (x, y) = (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 − 2 ≤ 2 − 2 = 0.
Therefore, 0 is a maximal value of f over the constraint which is obtained exactly where
(x−1)2 +(y −1)2 = 2, but this equation represents exactly the boundary of the constraint.
Thus, the maximal value of f is obtained over the circle (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 = 2 which
contains infinitely many points.
On the other hand,

f (x, y) = (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 − 2 ≥ 02 + 02 − 2 = −2.

Thus, −2 is a minimal value over the given constraint and it is obtained at (1, 1) and
nowhere else.
Conclusion: The maximal value of f over the given constraint is 0 and it is obtained
over the circle (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 = 2 and the minimal value −2 is obtained at (1,1).
Notice that from the above analysis it stems that there are no other points that can yield
extremal values since if (x0 , y0 ) satisfies 0 < (x0 − 1)2 + (y0 − 1)2 < 2 then

−2 < f (x0 , y0 ) = (x0 − 1)2 + (y0 − 1)2 − 2 < 0

which is not an extreme value.


A sketch:

4
Problem 4 (15 points)
1. Find the limit of the function
x2 + y 2 − z 2
f (x, y, z) =
x2 + y 2 + z 2
at the point (0, 0, 0), or show that the limit does not exist. (7 p.)
2. f (x, y) is differentiable at (2,3) and also satisfies ∂f
∂x
(2, 3) = 2, ∂f
∂y
(2, 3) = −3. Find
the limit of
f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3)
lim ,
t→0 t
or show that the limit does not exist. (8 p.)

Answer
p
1. Choose the surface z = x2 + y 2 then
x2 + y 2 − (x2 + y 2 )
lim = 0.
(x,y)→(0,0) 2(x2 + y 2 )
p
On the other hand, if we choose the surface 2(x2 + y 2 ) then
x2 + y 2 − 2(x2 + y 2 ) −(x2 + y 2 ) 1
lim = lim = − .
(x,y)→(0,0) 3(x2 + y 2 ) (x,y)→(0,0) 3(x2 + y 2 ) 3
The above limits show that different paths to (0,0,0) yield different limit results and
therefore the limit does not exist.
2. If f (x, y) is differentiable at (2,3) then (by definition)
f (2 + h, 3 + k) − f (2, 3) − h ∂f
∂x
(2, 3) − k ∂f
∂y
(2, 3)
lim √ = 0.
(h,k)→(0,0) h2 + k 2
Last statement is true for any path passes through (0, 0), in particular, it is valid
for the path h = k = t. Namely,
f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3) − t · 2 + t · 3
lim √ =0
t→0 2|t|
1 f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3) + t
√ lim =0
2 t→0 |t|
f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3) + t
lim = 0.
t→0 |t|
Now we need to check one sided limits for t.

f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3) f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3)
lim+ + 1 = 0 ⇒ lim+ = −1.
t→0 t t→0 t
f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3) f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3)
lim− − 1 = 0 ⇒ lim− = −1.
t→0 −t t→0 t
In any case we get
f (2 + t, 3 + t) − f (2, 3)
lim = −1 .
t→0 t

5
Problem 5 (15 points)
Consider the cardioid curve defined by the equation r = 1+cos(θ), in polar coordinates.
Compute:
1. The length of the boundary curve (you may use the identity: sin α sin β+cos α cos β =
cos(α − β)). (8 p.)
2. The area of the region enclosed by the curve. (7 p.)

Answer
1. The question hints us to parameterize the cardioid using polar coordinates. That is
x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ. Since r = 1 + cos θ we get
~l(θ) = ((1 + cos θ) cos θ, (1 + cos θ) sin θ),

~l 0 (θ) = (− sin θ − sin 2θ, cos θ + cos 2θ),


p
|~l 0 (θ)| =
sin2 θ + 2 sin θ sin 2θ + sin2 2θ + cos2 θ + 2 cos θ cos 2θ + cos2 2θ =
s   r
p p θ θ
= 2(1 + sin θ sin 2θ + cos θ cos 2θ) = 2(1 + cos θ) = 2 2 cos2 = 2 cos2 .
2 2
The length of the cardioid is:
Z 2π   Z π
θ θ
2 cos dθ = t = =4 | cos t| dt =
0 2 2 0
π
Z π ! !
Z π 2
π
2
=4 cos t dt − cos t dt = 4 sin t − sin t =
π π
0 2 0 2

= 4((1 − 0) − (0 − 1)) = 8 .

2. Parameterization:

~s(r, θ) = (r cos θ, r sin θ, 0), 0 ≤ r ≤ 1 + cos θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.

~s 0r = (cos θ, sin θ, 0), ~s 0θ = (−r sin θ, r cos θ, 0).


~s 0r × ~s 0θ = (0, 0, r).

|~s 0r × ~s 0θ | = r2 = r.
Area:
1+cos
Z θ
2π 2π 1+cos θ
r2
ZZ Z Z
dS = r drdθ = dθ =
0 0 2 0
Cardioid 0
=0
=0 z }| {
Z 2π Z 2π Z 2π
1 1 z }| { 1 1 + cos 2θ
(1 + cos θ)2 dθ = 1 + 2 cos θ + cos2 θ dθ = 1+ dθ =
2 0 2 0 2 0 2
Z 2π
1 1 1 3
1+ dθ = · 3π = π .
2 0 2 2 2

6
Problem 6 (15 points)
Use the Gauss divergence theorem to compute the flux of the vector field F~ (x, y, z) =
(y, x, z 2 ) out from the region bounded by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = 1.

Answer
ZZ ZZZ ZZZ
F~ · n̂ dS = ~ · F~ dV =
∇ 2z dxdydz =
S V V
 
ZZ Z1 ZZ
=2 z dz  dxdy = 1 − (x2 + y 2 )2 dxdy =
 

x2 +y 2 ≤1 x2 +y 2 x2 +y 2 ≤1
!
Z 2π Z 1 2 6 1
r r
= (Polar coordinates) = (1 − r4 )r drdθ = 2π − =
0 0 2 6 0
 
1 1 2π
= 2π − = .
2 6 3

7
Problem 7 (15 points)
Let S be the part of paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 below the plane z = 1 (not including the
upper cap). Verify the statement of Stokes’ theorem for the function F~ (x, y, z) = (y, x, z 2 ).
The boundary curve of z is the level curve of z where z = 1.
Answer
Let’s compute the work done by the field along the given curve (circulation) using line
integral.
Parameterization:
~r(θ) = (cos θ, sin θ, 1), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
~r 0 (θ) = (− sin θ, cos θ, 0).
I Z 2π
F~ · d~r = (sin θ, cos θ, 1) · (− sin θ, cos θ, 0) dθ =
0
L
Z 2π Z 2π
2 2
= − sin θ + cos θ dθ = cos 2θ dθ = 0 .
0 0
Using Stokes’ theorem:
î ĵ k̂
~ × F~ =
∇ ∂ ∂ ∂
= (0, 0, 0).
∂x ∂y ∂z
2
y x z
I ZZ ZZ
⇒ F~ · d~r = ~ × F~ ) · n̂ dS =
(∇ (0, 0, 0) · n̂ dS = 0 .
L S S

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