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The experiment aimed to identify phenol or its derivatives using the Ferric Chloride test, which involves adding ferric chloride to a dilute aqueous solution of phenol and observing color changes. The resulting violet color confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds like m-cresol or resorcinol. Phenols are significant in organic chemistry and various industries due to their chemical properties and applications.

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20 views5 pages

New Microsoft Word Document (2)

The experiment aimed to identify phenol or its derivatives using the Ferric Chloride test, which involves adding ferric chloride to a dilute aqueous solution of phenol and observing color changes. The resulting violet color confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds like m-cresol or resorcinol. Phenols are significant in organic chemistry and various industries due to their chemical properties and applications.

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moqtadamhmmd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ahl Al_Bayt University

College of pharmacy
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

The experiment: IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOL’S


:‫الطلاب‬
‫ حسين مظفر مّكي‬/‫ مهدي تركي مزعل‬/‫مقتدى محمد احمد‬ 

Supervised by: M.SC. ZUHAIR FADHIL


Tools & components:
1.Test tubes.
2.Two pipette.
3.Test tube rack.
4.Gloves & Mask
5.Water, ferric chlorid and the phenol

Procedure:- Ferric chloride test.


1- To a vary dilute aqueos solution of the phenol (1 ml) in (1 ml) water.

2- after we added (1 ml) water we add (1) drop of ferric chlorid solution and let it
to dissolve.

3- observe the resulting color.

The result :- the color of the solution was(Violet) so the it is phenol or m-cresol
or resorinol

Theory:-
Phenols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) directly
attached to a benzene ring or a substituted benzene ring.Their general formula is
(AR-OH), where AR represents an aryl group. Some common examples include
phenol (also known as carbolic acid), hydroquinone, resorcinol, o-cresol, m-
cresol, p-cresol, beta-cresol, and alpha-cresol.

Phenols play an important role in organic chemistry and various industrial


applications. They are used in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and
plastics. Phenols are characterized by their ability to react with bases to form
phenolate salts, and they also undergo oxidation and reduction reactions.
Additionally, phenols have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making them
useful in medical and cosmetic applications.

Discussion:

1. What was the purpose of the experiment?


The purpose of this experiment was to identify the presence of phenol or its
derivatives by conducting a Ferric Chloride test. The test helps distinguish phenols
based on their ability to form colored complexes when reacted with ferric chloride
solution.

2. What are the components involved in this test?

The components involved in this test include test tubes, two pipettes, a test tube
rack, gloves and masks for safety, as well as the chemicals water, ferric chloride
solution, and the phenol or phenolic compound to be tested.

3. What is the Ferric Chloride test, and how was it conducted?

The Ferric Chloride test involves adding ferric chloride solution to a dilute aqueous
solution of phenol. In this experiment, 1 ml of phenol solution was prepared by
mixing it with 1 ml of water. After this, one drop of ferric chloride solution was
added to the mixture, and the resulting color change was observed. A violet color
indicated the presence of phenol or its derivatives, such as m-cresol or resorcinol.

4. What was the result of the Ferric Chloride test in this experiment?

The resulting color of the solution was violet, which confirmed the presence of
phenol or phenolic compounds, specifically m-cresol or resorcinol, which are
known to produce a violet complex with ferric chloride.
5. Why did the solution turn violet upon adding ferric chloride?

Phenols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring. When ferric
chloride (FeCl₃) is added to phenolic compounds, it reacts with the phenol’s
hydroxyl group to form a colored complex, often violet, depending on the
structure of the phenol. This color change is a characteristic reaction used to
identify phenolic compounds.

6. What does this experiment tell us about phenols?

This experiment demonstrates the chemical reactivity of phenols, particularly their


ability to form complexes with iron salts such as ferric chloride. The color change
observed is a useful qualitative test for identifying phenolic compounds, which are
widespread in both nature and industry. The violet color indicates that the
compound being tested contains a phenolic group or a similar structure, such as
m-cresol or resorcinol.

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