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Q1. The applied input a.c. power to a half-wave rectifier is Computer Networking (73)

100 watts. The d.c. output Conversion Rate

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(ii) 40% efficiency of rectification does not mean that Integrated Circuits (7)
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60% of power is lost in the rectifier circuit. In fact, a

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Introduction to Electronics
crystal diode consumes little power due to its small
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Q2. An a.c. supply of 230 V is applied to a half-wave Rectifier (1)

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Max. secondary voltage is

(i)

(ii) During the negative half-cycle of a.c. supply, the

diode is reverse biased and hence conducts no current.
Therefore, the maximum secondary voltage appears
across the diode.

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Q3. A crystal diode having internal resistance rf = 20Ω is

used for half-wave rectification. If the applied voltage v =
50 sin ω t and load resistance RL= 800 Ω, find :
(i) Im, Idc, Irms (ii) a.c. power input and d.c. power output
(iii) d.c. output voltage (iv) efficiency of rectification.

Solution :

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

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Q4. A half-wave rectifier is used to supply 50V d.c. to a

resistive load of 800 Ω. The diode has a resistance of 25
Ω. Calculate a.c. voltage required.

Solution :

Q5. A full-wave rectifier uses two diodes, the internal

resistance of each diode may be assumed constant at 20
Ω. The transformer r.m.s. secondary voltage from centre
tap to each end of secondary is 50 V and load resistance
is 980 Ω. Find : (i) the mean load current (ii) the r.m.s.
value of load current.

Solution :

(i)

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(ii)

Q6. In the centre-tap circuit shown in Fig. 2, the diodes

are assumed to be ideal i.e. having zero internal
resistance. Find :(i) d.c. output voltage(ii) peak inverse
voltage (iii) rectification efficiency.

Fig. 2

Solution :

Primary to secondary turns, N1 / N2 = 5

(i) Average current, Idc =

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(ii) The peak inverse voltage is equal to the maximum

secondary voltage, i.e

(iii)

Q7. In the bridge type circuit shown in Fig. 3, the diodes

are assumed to be ideal. Find : (i) d.c. output voltage (ii)
peak inverse voltage (iii) output frequency. Assume
primary to secondary turns to be 4.

Fig.3

Solution :

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Q8. Fig. 4(i) and Fig. 4 (ii) show the centre-tap and bridge
type circuits having the same load resistance and
transformer turn ratio. The primary of each is connected
to 230V, 50 Hz supply. (i) Find the d.c. voltage in each
case. (ii) PIV for each case for the same d.c. output.
Assume the diodes to be ideal.

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Fig. 4

Solution :

(i) DC output voltage :

Centre-tap circuit :

Bridge circuit :

This shows that for the same secondary voltage, the d.c.
output voltage of bridge circuit is twice that of the
centre-tap circuit

(ii) PIV for same d.c. output voltage :

The d.c. output voltage of the two circuits will be the

same if Vm (i.e. max. voltage utilized by each circuit for
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conversion into d.c.) is the same. For this to happen, the

turn ratio of the transformers should be as shown in Fig.
5.

Fig.5

Centre-tap circuit :

Bridge circuit :

This shows that for the same d.c. output voltage, PIV of
bridge circuit is half that of centre-tap circuit. This is a
distinct advantage of bridge circuit.

Q9. The four diodes used in a bridge rectifier circuit have

forward resistances which may be considered constant at
1Ω and infinite reverse resistance. The alternating supply
voltage is 240 V r.m.s. and load resistance is 480 Ω.
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Calculate (i) mean load current and (ii) power dissipated

in each diode.

Solution :

Q10. The bridge rectifier shown in Fig. 6 uses silicon

diodes. Find (i) d.c. output voltage (ii) d.c. output current.
Use simplified model for the diodes

Fig.6

Solution :

The conditions of the problem suggest that the a.c

voltage across transformer secondary is 12V r.m.s.

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Q11. A power supply A delivers 10 V dc with a ripple of

0.5 V r.m.s. while the power supply B delivers 25 V dc
with a ripple of 1 mV r.m.s. Which is better power supply
?

Solution :

The lower the ripple factor of a power supply, the better

it is.

For power supply A

For power supply B

Q12. For the circuit shown in Fig.7, find the output d.c.
voltage.

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Fig.7

Solution :

It can be proved that output d.c. voltage is given by :

Q13. The choke of Fig.8 has a d.c. resistance of 25 Ω.

What is the d.c. voltage if the full-wave signal into the
choke has a peak value of 25.7 V ?

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Fig.8

Solution :

The output of a full-wave rectifier has a d.c. component

and an a.c. component. Due to the presence of a.c.
component, the rectifier output has a pulsating character
as shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

The maximum value of the pulsating output is Vm and

d.c. component is V′dc = 2 Vm/π.

For d.c. component V′dc, the choke resistance is in series

with the load as shown in 10.

Fig. 10

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