ICT

COMPUTER ETHICS AND SAFETY

MEASURES
This is a great outline for a presentation on computer ethics and safety
measures. Here's a breakdown of the points you've provided with some
additional information:

1. Responsible Uses of Computer and Internet

 Focus on positive and productive uses:
o Research and education
o Communication and collaboration
o Creativity and entertainment
o Business and productivity
 Respect intellectual property:
o Copyright infringement
o Plagiarism
o Software licensing
 Be mindful of your online behavior:
o Cyberbullying
o Online harassment
o Digital citizenship
2. Abuse and Misuse of Computers
 Hacking and unauthorized access:
o Importance of strong passwords
o Phishing scams
o Data breaches
 Malicious software:
o Viruses
o Spyware
o Ransomware
o Importance of antivirus software
 Cybercrime:
o Identity theft
o Online fraud
o Importance of online security
3. Safety Measures
 Ergonomics:
o Maintaining good posture to prevent injuries
o Taking breaks to avoid eye strain and repetitive stress injuries
 Eye care:
o Using anti-glare protectors to reduce screen glare
o Adjusting screen brightness and contrast
o Following the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet
away for 20 seconds)
 Security:
o Using strong passwords and updating them regularly
o Enabling firewalls and antivirus software
o Keeping software updated
o Being cautious about opening attachments and clicking on links in emails
Additional points to consider:
 Privacy:
o Importance of online privacy settings
o Be mindful of what information you share online
 Social media:
o Responsible use of social media platforms
o Avoiding misinformation and disinformation
By understanding these concepts, you can ensure a safe and responsible
experience for yourself and others online.
 SOFTWARE
1. Definition and examples of software
Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. It's like a
recipe for a computer. Without software, a computer is just a bunch of
hardware that can't do anything.

Here are some examples of software:

 Operating systems: These are the most important type of software.

They control all the other software on your computer. Examples include
Windows, macOS, and Linux.
 Applications: These are programs that you use to do specific tasks.
Examples include word processors, web browsers, and games.
 Programming languages: These are languages that programmers use
to create software. Examples include Python, Java, and C++.
2. Definition of an operating system
An operating system is the most important type of software. It controls all
the other software on your computer. It's like the brain of a computer.

3. Types of software
There are two main types of software:

 System software: This type of software controls the computer's

hardware and resources. Operating systems are the most important type
of system software.
 Application software: This type of software is used to perform specific
tasks. Examples include word processors, web browsers, and games.
4. Functions of an operating system
An operating system has many functions, including:

 Managing hardware: The operating system controls all the hardware on

your computer, such as the processor, memory, and storage devices.
 Running applications: The operating system runs all the applications on
your computer.
 Providing a user interface: The operating system provides a way for
you to interact with your computer. This can be a graphical user interface
(GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI).
 Managing files: The operating system manages all the files on your
computer.
 Providing security: The operating system protects your computer from
viruses and other malicious software.

GRAPHIC PACKAGES
1. What is a Graphic Package?
A graphic package is a computer program that allows you to create and
edit images. It's like a digital paintbrush and canvas, letting you draw,
color, and design all sorts of things.

2. Examples of Graphic Packages

Here are a few popular examples:

 Paint: A simple program often included with operating systems. It's great
for basic drawing and coloring.
 CorelDRAW: A powerful tool for creating professional-looking designs,
logos, and illustrations.
 Adobe Photoshop: A complex but versatile software used by many
designers and artists.
 GIMP: A free, open-source alternative to Photoshop, offering many similar
features.
3. Features of Graphic Packages
Most graphic packages have these features:

 Toolbar: A row of icons for quick access to tools like brushes, pencils, and
shapes.
 Menu Bar: A list of options for more advanced features like file
management, editing, and effects.
 Printable Area: The part of the screen where your drawing or design will
be displayed.
 Color Palette: A selection of colors you can choose from to fill shapes or
draw lines.

UNITS OF STORAGE IN COMPUTERS

1. Units of Storage
Here are some common units of storage in computers, from smallest to
largest:

 Bit: The smallest unit of data in a computer. 1 It represents a single binary

digit, either a 0 or a 1.2
 Byte: A group of 8 bits.3 It's the basic unit of storage for characters like
letters, numbers, and symbols.4
 Kilobyte (KB): Roughly 1024 bytes.5 Used to measure small files like text
documents.6
 Megabyte (MB): Roughly 1024 kilobytes. Used to measure larger files
like images and music files.7
 Gigabyte (GB): Roughly 1024 megabytes.8 Used to measure the storage
capacity of hard drives and other storage devices. 9
 Terabyte (TB): Roughly 1024 gigabytes.10 Used to measure very large
storage capacities, like those of external hard drives. 11
2. Conversion from One Unit to Another
To convert between these units, you multiply or divide by 1024. 12 For
example:
 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes13
 1 megabyte (MB) = 1024 kilobytes14
 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1024 megabytes15
 1 terabyte (TB) = 1024 gigabytes16
3. Differentiating Between Units of Storage
Here's a table to help you visualize the differences:
 Unit Size Common Uses

Bit 0 or 1 Smallest unit of data

Byte 8 bits Characters, numbers, symbols

Kilobyte
1024 bytes Small text files
(KB)

Megabyte 1024
Images, music files
(MB) kilobytes

Gigabyte 1024
Hard drives, large software
(GB) megabytes

Terabyte 1024 External hard drives, large data

(TB) gigabytes storage

As technology advances, we're seeing even larger storage units like

petabytes (PB) and exabytes (EB). These are used for massive data
storage in data centers and scientific research. 17