ACADEMIC SESSION 2024-2025- Term I

Name: Subject: Coordinated Science (Double)

IGCSE 0654 Chemistry Revision Guide – Detailed

1. States of Matter

• Key Points:
o Particles in solids are tightly packed in fixed positions, liquids flow and adapt to container
shapes, and gases are widely spaced and move freely.
o Changes of state: melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing are physical changes
involving energy transfer.
• Common Questions:
o Draw particle arrangement diagrams.
o Explain differences in energy levels between states.

2. Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

• Key Points:
o Atoms: smallest units, made of protons (+), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (-).
o Elements consist of one type of atom; compounds contain atoms of two or more elements
chemically bonded.
• Common Questions:
o Write word and symbol equations for compound formation.
o State differences between mixtures and compounds.

3. Structure and Bonding

• Key Points:
o Ionic Bonding: Between metals and non-metals; transfer of electrons creates positive and
negative ions.

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 o Covalent Bonding: Between non-metals; sharing electrons results in molecule formation.
• Common Questions:
o Predict bonding type based on elements.
o Draw dot-and-cross diagrams for ionic and covalent bonds.

4. Chemical Formulae and Equations

• Key Points:
o Use valency rules to deduce chemical formulae.
o Balance chemical equations to conserve mass.
• Common Questions:
o Balance equations for combustion or displacement reactions.
o Identify reactants and products in given reactions.

5. Reactivity Series

• Key Points:
o Metals are ranked by their reactivity with water, acids, and oxygen.
o More reactive metals displace less reactive ones from their compounds.
• Common Questions:
o Write displacement reaction equations.
o Predict reactions of metals with dilute acids.

6. Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Key Points:
o Acids release H+ ions; bases neutralize acids by releasing OH−.
o Neutralization: Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
• Common Questions:
o Name salts formed from specific acids and bases.
o Perform pH scale-related calculations.

7. Electrolysis

• Key Points:
o Electrolytes: Ionic compounds conducting electricity in molten/aqueous form.

TERM 1/WEEK 13/ BIOLOGY OUTLINE / COORDINATED SCIENCE (DOUBLE) 2

8. The Periodic Table

• Key Points:
o Organized by atomic number.
o Groups indicate elements with similar chemical properties.
• Common Questions:
o Describe trends in reactivity for Groups 1 and 7.
o Explain why noble gases are unreactive.

9. Metals and Extraction

• Key Points:
o Properties: malleability, ductility, conductivity.
o Extraction depends on reactivity; electrolysis for highly reactive metals and reduction for
less reactive ones.
• Common Questions:
o Outline the extraction of iron & aluminum.
o Describe properties making metals suitable for construction or electrical wiring.

10. Rates of Reaction

• Key Points:
o Factors: concentration, temperature, surface area, and use of catalysts.
o Increased collision frequency and energy raise reaction rates.
• Common Questions:
o Interpret rate graphs.
o Explain experimental setups to investigate reaction rates.

TERM 1/WEEK 13/ BIOLOGY OUTLINE / COORDINATED SCIENCE (DOUBLE) 3

• Key Points:
o Exothermic: Energy released (e.g., combustion).
o Endothermic: Energy absorbed (e.g., photosynthesis).
• Common Questions:
o Draw energy profile diagrams.
o Identify reactions as exothermic or endothermic based on given data.

12. Organic Chemistry page no: 472 (Chart of the reactions of the acids)

• Key Points:
o Alkanes: Single bonds (saturated hydrocarbons).
o Alkenes: Double bonds (unsaturated hydrocarbons).
o Polymers: Formed by polymerization of monomers (e.g., polyethylene, nylon,
polypropene, Poly chloroethene, Poly(tetrafluoroethene).
• Common Questions:
o Write equations for polymer formation.
o Identify alkanes and alkenes based on structural formulae.

12. Air and Water

• Key Points:
o Composition of air: nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace gases.
o Treatment: Filtration removes solids; chlorination kills bacteria.
• Common Questions:
o Describe water treatment stages.
o Explain the greenhouse effect.

TERM 1/WEEK 13/ BIOLOGY OUTLINE / COORDINATED SCIENCE (DOUBLE) 4