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Class 9 Grammar Notes

The document provides comprehensive grammar notes for Class 9, covering key topics such as tenses, active and passive voice, direct and indirect speech, modals, subject-verb agreement, clauses, prepositions, determiners, conjunctions, punctuation, sentence types, transformation of sentences, phrases, idioms and phrasal verbs, and conditional sentences. Each section includes definitions, structures, and examples to aid understanding. This resource serves as a foundational guide for mastering English grammar.

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15 views5 pages

Class 9 Grammar Notes

The document provides comprehensive grammar notes for Class 9, covering key topics such as tenses, active and passive voice, direct and indirect speech, modals, subject-verb agreement, clauses, prepositions, determiners, conjunctions, punctuation, sentence types, transformation of sentences, phrases, idioms and phrasal verbs, and conditional sentences. Each section includes definitions, structures, and examples to aid understanding. This resource serves as a foundational guide for mastering English grammar.

Uploaded by

warishaaabbasii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 9 Grammar Notes

1. Tenses
Understanding tenses is crucial for forming sentences correctly.

Types of Tenses:
 Present Tense: Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect,
Present Perfect Continuous.

 Past Tense: Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect
Continuous.

 Future Tense: Simple Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future


Perfect Continuous.

Examples:
 Simple Present: She writes a letter.
 Past Perfect: He had completed his homework before dinner.

2. Active and Passive Voice


Learn how to convert sentences between active and passive forms.

Structure:
 Active: Subject + Verb + Object
 Passive: Object + Form of 'to be' + Past Participle + (by + Subject)

Examples:
 Active: She reads a book.
 Passive: A book is read by her.

3. Direct and Indirect Speech


Learn to convert speech between direct and indirect forms.

Key Changes:
 Pronouns, tenses, and time expressions change in reported speech.

Examples:
 Direct: He said, "I am happy."
 Indirect: He said that he was happy.

4. Modals
Modals are auxiliary verbs that express ability, permission, necessity, or possibility.

Common Models:
 Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must, Ought to.

Examples:
 You should study for the exam.
 She can dance well.

5. Subject-Verb Agreement
The subject and verb must agree in number (singular/plural).

Rules:
 Singular subjects take singular verbs.
 Plural subjects take plural verbs.

Examples:
 He runs fast. (Singular)
 They run fast. (Plural)

6. Clauses
Clauses are groups of words containing a subject and a verb.

Types of Clauses:
1. Main Clause: Can stand alone as a sentence. (She is singing.)

2. Subordinate Clause: Depends on the main clause. (I know that she is


singing.)

Subtypes of Subordinate Clauses:


 Noun Clause: I know what he said.
 Adjective Clause: The boy who is running is my friend.
 Adverb Clause: He ran because he was late.
7. Prepositions
Prepositions show the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in
the sentence.

Common Types:
 Prepositions of Time: on, at, in, during.
 Prepositions of Place: under, over, near, between.
 Prepositions of Direction: to, into, onto, toward.
Examples:
 The book is on the table.
 She arrived at 8 PM.

8. Determiners
Determiners come before nouns and modify them.

Types:
 Articles: a, an, the.
 Quantifiers: some, any, much, many, few, little.
 Possessives: my, your, his, her.

Examples:
 I need some sugar.
 This is her bag.

9. Conjunctions
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses.

Types:
 Coordinating: and, but, or, so.
 Subordinating: because, although, while, since.
 Correlative: either...or, neither...nor.
Examples:
 She sings and dances.
 He stayed home because it was raining.

10. Punctuation
Correct punctuation is essential for clarity in writing.

Key Points:
 Use a period (.) to end sentences.
 Use a comma (,) to separate items in a list.
 Use quotation marks (" ") for direct speech.

Examples:
 She said, “I’m going to school.”

11. Sentence Types


Understand and identify the types of sentences based on structure and purpose.

Types by Structure:
 Simple, Compound, Complex.

Types by Purpose:
 Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory.

Examples:
 Declarative: She is reading.
 Interrogative: Are you coming?

12. Transformation of Sentences


Learn to transform sentences without changing their meaning.

Common Transformations:
 Affirmative to Negative: She is happy → She is not unhappy.
 Exclamatory to Assertive: What a beautiful day! → It is a very beautiful day.
 Active to Passive: He wrote a book → A book was written by him.
13. Phrases
Phrases are groups of words that act as a single part of speech.

Types:
 Noun Phrase: The tall boy.
 Verb Phrase: Is running quickly.
 Adjective Phrase: Very intelligent girl.
 Adverb Phrase: In a hurry.

14. Idioms and Phrasal Verbs


Idioms:
Expressions with figurative meanings.
 Example: Break the ice (to start a conversation).

Phrasal Verbs:
Verbs combined with prepositions/adverbs.
 Example: Look after (to take care of).

15. Conditional Sentences


Sentences that express a condition and its result.
Types:

1. Zero Conditional: If you heat ice, it melts.

2. First Conditional: If it rains, we will stay home.

3. Second Conditional: If I were you, I would study harder.

4. Third Conditional: If he had studied, he would have passed.

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