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CMAT English Notes

This document is a comprehensive guide on English grammar and vocabulary, covering various topics such as synonyms, antonyms, phrasal verbs, idioms, and more. Each section provides definitions, examples, and tips to enhance language skills. The aim is to improve understanding and usage of English through structured notes.

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13 views5 pages

CMAT English Notes

This document is a comprehensive guide on English grammar and vocabulary, covering various topics such as synonyms, antonyms, phrasal verbs, idioms, and more. Each section provides definitions, examples, and tips to enhance language skills. The aim is to improve understanding and usage of English through structured notes.

Uploaded by

etcinktm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slide 1: Title Slide

 Title: English Grammar and Vocabulary: Comprehensive Notes


 Subtitle: A Guide to Improve Language Skills

Slide 2: Synonyms and Antonyms

 Definition:
o Synonyms: Words with similar meanings.
o Antonyms: Words with opposite meanings.
 Examples:
o Synonyms:
 Happy → Joyful
 Strong → Powerful
o Antonyms:
 Happy ↔ Sad
 Light ↔ Dark
 Usage:
o Using synonyms can enrich your vocabulary and avoid repetition.
o Antonyms help to express contrast and enhance clarity.

Slide 3: One Word Substitution

 Definition: Replacing a phrase or expression with a single word that conveys the
same meaning.
 Examples:
o A person who writes books = Author
o A person who studies plants = Botanist
o A place where books are kept = Library
 Tip:
o Practice using one-word substitutions to make sentences concise.

Slide 4: Phrasal Verbs

 Definition: Combinations of verbs with prepositions or adverbs that have unique


meanings.
 Examples:
o Give up: To quit.
 She gave up smoking last year.
o Look after: To care for.
 He looks after his younger brother.
o Bring up: To raise a topic.
 She brought up an interesting point during the meeting.
 Tip:
o Learn common phrasal verbs as they are used frequently in daily conversation.

Slide 5: Idioms and Phrases

 Definition: Idioms are expressions where the meaning is not literal.


 Examples:
o "Break a leg" = Good luck.
 "Break a leg" in your performance tonight!
o "Piece of cake" = Something easy.
 The exam was a piece of cake.
 Usage:
o Idioms add flavor to language but should be used with care to avoid confusion.

Slide 6: Words Followed by Prepositions

 Definition: Certain verbs, adjectives, and nouns are followed by specific prepositions.
 Examples:
o Interested in: She is interested in painting.
o Good at: He is good at playing chess.
o Believe in: I believe in magic.
 Tip:
o Memorize common verb-preposition pairs to avoid mistakes.

Slide 7: Use of Articles

 Definition: Articles define a noun as specific or non-specific.


 Types:
o Definite Article: The (specific)
 Example: The book on the table is mine.
o Indefinite Articles: A/An (non-specific)
 Example: I saw a cat.
 Tip:
o Use the when referring to something specific, and a/an when referring to
something general.

Slide 8: Subject-Verb Agreement

 Definition: The subject and verb must agree in number (singular/plural).


 Examples:
o Singular: She runs every morning.
o Plural: They run every morning.
 Tip:
o Make sure the subject and verb match in terms of number.

Slide 9: Relative Pronouns

 Definition: Words used to link a dependent clause to a main clause.


 Examples:
o Who: Refers to people.
 The person who called you is waiting outside.
o Which: Refers to things.
 The book which I read was interesting.
 Tip:
o Use who for people and which for things.

Slide 10: Causative Verbs

 Definition: Verbs used when one person causes another to do something.


 Examples:
o Have: I had my hair cut.
o Make: She made me apologize.
o Get: He got the car repaired.
 Tip:
o Learn the differences between causative verbs like make, have, and get.

Slide 11: Use of Tenses

 Definition: Tenses indicate when an action occurs.


 Examples:
o Present Tense: I eat lunch at 12 PM.
o Past Tense: I ate lunch at 12 PM.
o Future Tense: I will eat lunch at 12 PM.
 Tip:
o Mastering tenses helps you express time accurately in your writing and
speaking.

Slide 12: Reported Speech

 Definition: Reporting what someone else has said.


 Examples:
o Direct Speech: She said, "I am going to the store."
o Reported Speech: She said that she was going to the store.
 Tip:
o Pay attention to changes in tenses and pronouns when converting direct to
reported speech.

Slide 13: Active and Passive Voice

 Definition: The subject performs the action (active) or receives the action (passive).
 Examples:
o Active: The teacher explains the lesson.
o Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.
 Tip:
o Use passive voice when the action or result is more important than the doer.

Slide 14: Question Tags

 Definition: Short questions added to the end of a statement for confirmation.


 Examples:
o You are coming to the party, aren't you?
o She is very kind, isn't she?
 Tip:
o Question tags mirror the auxiliary verb in the main sentence.

Slide 15: To-Infinitives and Gerunds

 Definition:
o To-Infinitive: The base form of a verb preceded by to.
 Example: I like to swim.
o Gerund: The "-ing" form of a verb used as a noun.
 Example: I enjoy swimming.
 Tip:
o Use the infinitive after certain verbs and the gerund after others. Memorizing
these patterns helps.

Slide 16: Conditional Sentences

 Definition: Sentences expressing a condition and its result.


 Examples:
o Type 1: If it rains, I will stay home.
o Type 2: If I had a car, I would drive to work.
o Type 3: If I had studied, I would have passed the test.
 Tip:
o Practice conditional sentences to express different possibilities based on real
or unreal conditions.

Slide 17: Use of Prepositions

 Definition: Prepositions indicate relationships between elements in a sentence.


 Examples:
o The cat is on the table.
o She walked to the store.
 Tip:
o Prepositions are often tricky, so focus on common phrases and their
prepositions.

Slide 18: Use of Conjunctions

 Definition: Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses.


 Examples:
o And: I like apples and oranges.
o But: I wanted to go, but I was tired.
o Because: She was late because she missed the bus.
 Tip:
o Conjunctions help create complex sentences, improving flow and coherence.

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