NAT

The two-dimensional velocity field V of a flow in a Cartesian

coordinate system is given in dimensionless form by
y2
𝐕 = x 2 − axy i + bxy − j. Here i and j are the unit vectors along
2
the x and y directions respectively, a and b are independent of x, y
and time. If the flow is incompressible, then the value of (a − b), up
to one decimal place, is __________.

[GATE-2021-XE]

Answer: 0.9 to 1.1

MSQ
The velocity field corresponding to a flow field is given, with usual
notation, by V = 5xi + 6yj − 8zk. Which one or more of the following
statement(s) is/are CORRECT?
A. Linear strain rate in x-direction is 5 units.
B. Linear strain rate in x-direction is 6 units.
C. Volume dilation rate is 5 units.
D. Volume dilation rate is 3 units.

Answer: A,D
MCQ
A two-dimensional velocity field in Cartesian coordinates is defined
by V = yi − xj. This flow is
[GATE-2019-XE]
A. compressible and rotational
B. compressible and irrotational
C. incompressible and rotational
D. incompressible and irrotational

Answer: C
NAT
Steady state incompressible flow through a pipe network is shown in
the figure. Inlets marked as (1), (2) and (3) and exit marked as (4),
are shown with their respective diameters. The exit flow rate at (4) is
0.1 m3 /s. A 20% increase in flow rate through (3) results in a 10%
increase in flow rate through (4). The original velocity through inlet
(3) is ___________ m/s (round off to two decimal places).
[GATE-2014-XE]

Answer: 17.55 to 17.75

NAT
The velocity field corresponding to a flow field is given, with usual
notation, by V = 30yi + 5nxj. For pure rotation, the value of n is
____________ (round off to nearest integer).

Answer: -6 to -6
NAT
Velocity in a two-dimensional flow field is specified as: u = x 2 y; v =
− y 2 x. The magnitude of the rate of angular deformation at a location
(x = 2 m and y = 1 m) is ___________ s −1 [GATE-2014-XE]

Answer: 3 to 3
MSQ
For an incompressible flow field ,velocity field is given by V = xi − yj,
which one or more of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?
A. Equation of the path line for given flow field is xy = C.
x
B. Equation of the path line for given flow field is = C.
y
C. The given flow field is an irrotational flow field.
D. The velocity potential function ′ϕ′ for the given flow field is ϕ =
x2 y2
− + C.
2 2

Answer: A,C,D
MCQ
The velocity field of a two-dimensional fluid flow is as follow:
x y
u = U0 , v = −U0
L L
Where, U0 and L are, respectively, the characteristic velocity and
length. [GATE-2010-XE]
The above fluid flow can be described as
A. rotational and compressible
B. irrotational and compressible
C. rotational and incompressible
D. irrotational and incompressible

Answer: D
MCQ
Let ϕ and Ψ represent, respectively, the velocity potential and stream
function of a flow field of an incompressible fluid. Which of the
following statements are TRUE? [GATE-2010-XE]
P: ϕ exists for irrotational flows only
Q. Ψ exists for both irrotational and rotational flows
R: ϕ exists for rotational flows only
S: ϕ exists for both rotational and irrotational flows
A. P, R
B. Q, S
C. Q, R
D. P, Q
Answer: D
NAT
A 2-D incompressible flow is defined by its velocity components in
cy cx
m/s as u = − 2 2 and v = 2 2. If the value of the constant c is
x +y x +y
equal to 0.1 m /s, the numerical value of vorticity at the point x =
2

1 m and y = 2 m is ____________ s −1 . [GATE-2016-XE]

Answer: -0.00001 to 0.00001

NAT
A 10 kg mass placed on an infinitely long horizontal massless flat
platform is to be supported by a steady vertical water jet as shown in
the figure. The diameter of the jet is 5 cm. What minimum average
velocity is required to hold the mass in place?

Assume ρwater = 1000 kg m3 , g = 10 m s 2 and π = 3.14. Neglect

friction. (Round off to two decimal places) [GATE-2022-XE]
Answer: 6.95 to 7.20
NAT
A water jet with velocity Vjet impinges normal to a moving flat plate with
velocity Vplate such that the jet splits equally into two halves as shown in
figure. The jet cross-sectional area is 2 cm2 , Vjet is 20 m/s and Vplate is
10 m/s and density of water is 1000 kg/m3 . Consider steady flow and
neglect weight of the jet, weight of the plate and frictional losses. The
absolute value of the force required to keep the plate moving at constant
velocity Vplate is _____________ N.
[GATE-2020-XE]

Answer: 20 to 20
NAT
If the velocity field is, V = xy 2 i + 4xy j m/s , vorticity of the fluid
element in the field at (x = 1, y = 2) in s −1 in is ______________ .
[GATE-2018-XE]

Answer: 4 to 4
MSQ
Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for the linear
Couette flow between plates shown in figure?
A. Stream function exists
B. Stream function does not exist
C. Velocity potential function exists
D. Velocity potential function does not exist

Answer: A,D
MCQ
A two-dimensional, incompressible flow field is defined by velocity
components
x y y
u = 2U − and v = −2U
L L L
Where U and L are constants. Select the correct statement.
A. Ψ does not exist
2xy2 y2
B. ϕ = U − + const
L L
2xy y2
C. ϕ = U − + const
L L
2xy y2
D. ψ = U − + const
L L
Answer: D
NAT
The velocity potential function in a two-dimensional flow field is
given by ϕ x, y = − axy + bx 2 − by 2 m2 /s where a = 2 per second
and b = 0.5 per second. The magnitude of the velocity (in m/s,
answer in integer) at x = 2 m, y = 1 m is __________. [GATE-2024-XE]

Answer: 5 to 5
MSQ
A flow has a velocity potential given by ϕ = Ax 3 where ′A′ is a non-
zero constant. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about
the flow? [GATE-2022-XE]
A. The flow is incompressible.
B. The flow is irrotational.
C. The flow has local acceleration.
D. The flow has convective acceleration.

Answer: B,D
MCQ
The stream function (Ψ) of a velocity field at any location (x, y) is
given as, Ψ = xy 2 − 2x 2 y 2 . What is the rate of rotation of a fluid
element located at (x = 2, y = 2)? [GATE-2017-XE]
A. 8
B. 10
C. 12
D. 14

Answer: D
MCQ
A flow has a velocity field given by
V = 2xi − 2yj
The velocity potential ϕ(x, y) for the flow is [GATE-2011-XE]
A. 2x − 2y + const
B. 2xy + const
C. x 2 + y 2 + const
D. x 2 − y 2 + const

Answer: D
MSQ
In a steady two-dimensional compressible flow, u and v are the x- and
y- components of flow velocity, respectively and ρ is the fluid density.
Among the following pairs of relations, which one(s) perfectly
satisfies/satisfy the definition of stream function, ψ, for this flow?
𝜕ψ 𝜕ψ
A. u = and v = − [GATE-2023-XE]
𝜕y 𝜕x
𝜕ψ 𝜕ψ
B. u = − and v = −
𝜕x 𝜕y
𝜕ψ 𝜕ψ
C. ρu = and ρv = −
𝜕y 𝜕x
𝜕ψ 𝜕ψ
D. ρu = − and ρv =
𝜕y 𝜕x

Answer: C,D
MSQ
If for a two dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential function
is given by ϕ = x(2y − 1). Which one or more of the following
statement(s) is/are CORRECT?
A. The resultant velocity at the point (4, 5) is 12.04 units sec.
B. The resultant velocity at the point (4, 5) is 8.47 units sec.
C. The magnitude of the stream function Ψ at (4, 5) is 8 units, if Ψ at
(0, 0) is 0.
D. The magnitude of the stream function Ψ at (4, 5) is 4 units , if Ψ at
(0, 0) is 0.

Answer: A,D
MCQ
In an inviscid incompressible flow, the velocity field is given by V =
xi + yj m/s and the body force per unit mass is given by g =
− 10 k m/s 2 .The pressure at the point (0, 0, 0) is 101 Pa. Assuming
that the density of the fluid is 1 kg/m3 , the pressure at the point
(1, 1, 1) for this flow is [GATE-2011-XE]
A. 100 Pa
B. 105 Pa
C. 95 Pa
D. 90 Pa

Answer: D
NAT
A two-dimensional, incompressible fluid flow is described by the
stream function Ψ = xy 3 m2 /s on the Cartesian x-y plane. If the
density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid are 1 kg/m3 and 0.1 kg/
m − s, respectively, the magnitude of the pressure gradient in the x
direction at x = 1 m and y = 1 m is ______N/m3 (round off to 1
decimal place). [GATE-2019-AE]

Answer: 3.5 to 3.7 or 2.3 to 2.5

MCQ
A frictionless, steady & incompressible flow field of a liquid is given
by V = 2xyi −y 2 j in arbitrary units. The density of liquid can be
taken as ρ0 . Neglecting gravity, the expression of pressure gradient in
x-direction is
𝜕P
A. =0
𝜕x
𝜕P
B. = −ρ0 xy 2
𝜕x
𝜕P
C. = −4ρ0 xy 2
𝜕x
𝜕P
D. = −2ρ0 xy 2
𝜕x
Answer: D
MCQ
Water is being squeezed outward between two large circular disks at
radius R by the uniform downward motion (V0 ) of upper disk as
shown in figure below. At the instant when the distance between
disks is H, the velocity with which water is radially coming out of
disks is V. Choose the CORRECT option regarding V,
V0 R
A. V =
3H
V0 H
B. V =
3R
V0 R
C. V =
2H
V0 H
D. V = Answer: C
2R
NAT
Consider a cart of mass 10 kg placed on an inclined plane (angle of
inclination 60° with horizontal) as shown in the figure.A turning vane
of negligible weight is mounted on the cart. A horizontal steady water
jet is issued from a stationary nozzle of area 0.1 m2 and strikes the
turning vane as shown in the figure. The vane turns the jet downward
parallel to the inclined plane. Find out the minimum jet velocity (in
m/s) which will not allow the cart to come down. Neglect friction,
consider density of water = 1000 kg m3 and acceleration due to
gravity = 10 m s 2 .
(Round off to two decimal places) [GATE-2022-XE]
Answer: 0.74 to 0.78
NAT
A jet engine is to be tested on a thrust stand
as shown in the figure below. The conditions
prevailing in a typical test are as follows:
Axial intake air velocity = 100 m/s; axial
exhaust gas velocity= 250 m/s; intake cross-
sectional area = 1 m2 ; intake static
pressure = −22 kPa gauge ; exhaust static
pressure = 0 kPa gauge ; mass flow rate
through the engine = 100 kg/s . The
anchoring force (in kN) in axial direction on
the thrust stand is ____________ [GATE-2019-XE]
Answer: 37 to 37
NAT
The 6 cm diameter water jet as shown in the figure strikes a plate
containing a hole of 4-cm diameter. Part of the jet passes through the
hole, and part is deflected. The horizontal force required to hold the
plate is _________ N (round off to one decimal place).

Answer: 981.75
NAT
The water tank as show in the figure stands on a frictionless cart and
feeds a jet of diameter 4 cm and velocity 8 m/s, which is deflected 60°
by a vane. The tension in the supporting cable will be ______ N (round
off to two decimal places).

Answer: 40.212
NAT
A water jet strikes a vane mounted on a tank with frictionless wheels,
as in the figure below. The jet turns and falls into the tank without
spilling out. If θ = 30°, the horizontal force F required to hold the
tank stationary is _______ N (round off to two decimal places).

Answer: 441.786
MCQ
Ancients have designed water clocks based upon the head of the
water in a circular section container with a hole at the bottom as
shown in the figure below. The radius (r) varies as a function of head
(H) to maintain a constant rate of decline of H.
The relation between H and r is
A. H is proportional to r
B. H is proportional to r 2
C. H is proportional to r 3
D. H is proportional to r 4
[GATE-2010-XE]

Answer: B
MSQ
Each arm of the sprinkler as shown in figure below rotates at a
constant angular velocity of 100 rev min. This motion is caused by
water which enters the base at 3 litre sec and exits each of the two
20 mm diameter nozzles. Which one or more of the following
statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

[Continue on Next Slide]

A. The frictional torque on the shaft of the arms that keep the
constant angular velocity is 1.42 N-m to 1.52 N-m.
B. The frictional torque on the shaft of the arms that keep the
constant angular velocity is 2.42 N-m to 2.52 N-m.
C. If the frictional torque is zero, then the angular velocity of the
arms will be 148.0 rev min to 154.0 rev min.
D. If the frictional torque is zero, then the angular velocity of the
arms will be 138.0 rev min to 144.0 rev min.

Answer: A,C
NAT
Methane escapes through a small (10−7 m2 ) hole
in a 10 m3 tank. The methane escapes so slowly
that the temperature of methane in the tank
remains constant at 23°C. The mass flow rate of
methane through the hole is given by m =
0.66 PA RT, where P is the pressure in the tank,
A is the area of the hole, R is the gas constant, and
T is the temperature in the tank. The time
required (in hrs) for the absolute pressure in the
tank to decrease from 500 kPa to 400 kPa is ______
(round off to nearest integer). Assume density of
methane is uniform in the tank.
Answer: 23.947
MCQ
The velocity of fluid particle moving along a horizontal streamline
that coincides with the x axis in a plane, two-dimensional
incompressible flow field was experimentally found to be described
by the equation u = x 2 . Along this streamline, the expression for the
pressure gradient in the x-direction is.
Assume fluid is Newtonian
𝜕P 𝜕P
A. = 4μ − 2ρx 3
B. = 2μ − 2ρx 3
𝜕x 𝜕x
𝜕P 𝜕P
C. = −2μ − 2ρx 2
D. = 2μ + 4ρx 3
𝜕x 𝜕x

Answer: B
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