Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

STOICHIOMETRY
12

Practice Problems 10Apther lain

In your notebook, solve the following problems.
pie
SECTION 12.1 THE ARITHMETIC OF EQUATIONS 10
Ap lpie
Use the 3-step problem-solving approach you learned in Chapter 1.
1. An apple pie needs 10 large apples, 2 crusts (top and bottom), and 1 tablespoon
of cinnamon. Write a balanced equation that fits this situation. How many
apples are needed to make 25 pies? aspiffp.es
250apples
2. Two moles of potassium chloride and three moles of oxygen are produced from 2KG 302 2KCl
the decomposition of two moles of potassium chlorate, KClO3(s). Write the

É
balanced equation. How many moles of oxygen are produced from 12 moles of
potassium chlorate?
ism.to
3. Using the equation from problem 2, how many moles of oxygen are produced

ii iÉ
from 14 moles of potassium chlorate?
and
4. Two molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of oxygen to produce two
molecules of water. How many molecules of water are produced from 2.0 ! 1023
molecules of oxygen? How many moles of water are produced from 22.5 moles
of oxygen?

fi
4mokHao 27 sn
45molHad
SECTION 12.2 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS 22.5mdOsf
1. Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen chloride produced from 10 moles of
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hydrogen.
H2(g) " Cl2(g) y 2HCl(g) 2 10 20moles
2. Calculate the number of moles of chlorine needed to form 14 moles of iron(III)
chloride.
2Fe(s) " 3Cl2(g) y 2FeCl3(s) 14not 33 21molCl
3. Calculate the number of grams of nitrogen dioxide that are produced from
4 moles of nitric oxide.
4mt
2NO(g) " O2(g) y 2NO2(g)
2 1 4 4m01NO f 184g

4. Calculate the mass of oxygen produced from the decomposition of 75.0 g of

www.iiiiii.li ia k
potassium chlorate.
2KClO3(s) y 2KCl(s) " 3O2(g)

aa.n
Clz IAgC1 I2Ag
5. Calculate the mass of silver needed to react with chlorine to produce 84 g of
silver chloride. (Hint: Write a balanced equation first.)
L clinking
63.44g

6. How many liters of carbon monoxide at STP are needed to react with 4.80 g of

I
oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide?

7.
2CO(g) " O2(g) y 2CO2(g)
on I es
Calculate the number of liters of oxygen gas needed to produce 15.0 liters of
1
dinitrogen trioxide. Assume all gases are at the same conditions of temperature
and pressure.
is
2N2(g) " 3O2(g) y 2N2O3(g)
E.IE1
Chapter 12 Stoichiometry 295
 Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

8. A volume of 7.5 L of hydrogen gas at STP was produced from the single-replacement
reaction of zinc with nitric acid. Calculate the mass of zinc needed for this reaction.
t.su
II.IiE
43.5
SECTION 12.3 LIMITING REAGENT AND PERCENT YIELD 6,2 2
In
1. How many moles of water can be made from 4 moles of oxygen gas and
16 moles of hydrogen gas? What is the limiting reagent?
02 8m01Had
2. Calculate the mass of water produced from the reaction of 24.0 g of H2 and
160.0 g of O2. What is the limiting reagent?
02 1809420
3. The burning of 18.0 g of carbon produces 55.0 g of carbon dioxide. What is the
theoretical yield of CO2? Calculate the percent yield of CO2.
66gCO2 83
4. Calculate the percent yield of Cl2(g) in the electrolytic decomposition of
hydrogen chloride if 25.8 g of HCl produces 13.6 g of chlorine gas.
54
5. One method for reclaiming silver metal from silver chloride results in a 94.6%
yield. Calculate the actual mass of silver that can be produced in this reaction
if 100.0 g of silver chloride is converted to silver metal.
2AgCl(s) y 2Ag(s) " Cl2(g)
71.42gAg
6. What is the actual amount of magnesium oxide produced when excess carbon
dioxide reacts with 42.8 g of magnesium metal? The percent yield of MgO(s)for
this reaction is 81.7%.
71.0MgO
2Mg(s) " CO2(g) y 2MgO(s) " C(s)

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2H21 HatCla

Q1
i Iii QU
iiii
1308 54
as.es

242 022420 2,649

2 88 sagua 21614219
249
at216gt 1009190 tmall.gl 2malAg108gAg
75.5gAg
0 180,10
143919 2mA
1609811

Q2
c
Qs
02 CO2
I 83 msn.si t
71.0gMgO

4.0
63 Q6 As15
296 Core Teaching Resources
 Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

THE ARITHMETIC OF EQUATIONS

12.1

Section Review
Objectives
• Calculate the amount of reactants required or product formed in a nonchemical
process
• Interpret balanced chemical equations in terms of interacting moles,
representative particles, masses, and gas volume at STP

Vocabulary
• stoichiometry

Part A Completion
Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms
that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, short
phrase, or number.

The coefficients of a balanced chemical equation indicate 1. molecules

the relative number of 1 of reactants and products. All 2. balancedequation
stoichiometric calculations begin with a 2 . Only 3 3.
mass
and 4 are conserved in every reaction; moles, volumes, 4.
atoms
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and representative particles may not be. 5. moles

In solving stoichiometric problems, conversion factors 6. STP
relating moles of reactants to 5 of products are used.

If you assume 6 , the balanced equation also tells you

about the volumes of gases.

Part B True-False
Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

AT
________ 7. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation can be used to form
mole ratios relating reactants to products.

ST
________ 8. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation tell the relative
volumes of reactants and products, expressed in any suitable unit of
volume.

AT
________ 9. To calculate the mass of a molecule in grams, you can use the molar
mass and Avogadro’s number.

Chapter 12 Stoichiometry 289

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

ST
________ 10. Because the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products of a
reaction, the number of moles will be conserved.

AT
________ 11. If the ratio of molecules in the reaction 2A2 ! B2 y 2A2B is 2:1:2, we can
predict that 4 molecules of A2 react with 2 molecules B2 to produce 4
molecules of A2B.

ST
________ 12. One mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

Part C Matching
Match each description in Column B to the correct term in Column A.

Column A Column B

b
________ 13. stoichiometry a. Avogadro’s number

d
________ 14. product b. the calculations of quantities in chemical reactions

e 15. coefficient
________ c. STP

________ 16. 6.02 " 1023 d. a substance formed in a chemical reaction

Sip
________ 17. 0°C, 101.3 kPa e. gives the relative number of molecules involved in a
reaction

Part D Questions and Problems

Answer the following in the space provided. Show your work.
18. Interpret the following equation using moles, molecules, and volumes (assume

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STP). Compare the mass of the reactants to the mass of the product.
2N2(g) ! 3O2(g) y 2N2O3(g)

56g 96g 104g

19. How many moles of chlorine gas will be required to react with sufficient iron to
produce 14 moles of iron(III) chloride?
2Fe(s) ! 3Cl2(g) y 2FeCl3(g)

Hmk
9.3mi

290 Core Teaching Resources

 Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS
12.2

Section Review
Objectives
• Construct mole ratios from balanced chemical equations and apply these ratios in
mole-mole stoichiometric calculations
• Calculate stoichiometric quantities from balanced chemical equations, using
units of moles, mass, representative particles, and volumes of gases at STP

Key Equations
• mole-mole relationship used in every stoichiometric calculation:
aG uy bW
(given quantity) (wanted quantity)
b mol W xb
• x mol G ! "" # "" mol W
a mol G a
Given Mole Ratio Calculated

Part A Completion
Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms
that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, short
phrase, or number.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

Mole ratios from balanced equations may be used to solve 1.

representativeparticles
problems with other units such as numbers of 1 and 2 2. volume
of gases at STP. The 3 from the balanced equation are used 3. coefficients
to write conversion factors called 4 . These conversion factors 4. male ratio
are used to calculate the numbers of moles of 5 from a given 5. reactant
number of moles of 6 . In mass-mass calculations, the molar 6. product
mass is used to convert mass to 7 . 7. moles

Part B True-False
Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

AT
________ 8. In mass-mass calculations, the molar mass is used to convert mass
to moles.

NT
________ 9. The mole ratio 2 mol HF/1 mol SnF2 can be used to determine the
mass of SnF2 produced according to the equation:
Sn(s) $ 2HF(g) y SnF2(s) $ H2(g)

Chapter 12 Stoichiometry 291

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

AT
________ 10. In a volume-volume problem, the 22.4 L/mol factors always cancel out.

ST 11. In stoichiometric problems, volume is expressed in terms of liters.

________

NT
________ 12. For a mass-mole problem, the first conversion from mass to moles
is skipped.

NT 13. For a mass-mass problem, the first conversion is from moles to mass.
________

AT
________ 14. Because mole ratios from balanced equations are exact numbers, they
do not enter into the determination of significant figures.

Part C Matching
Match each conversion problem in Column A to the correct solution in Column B.

Column A Column B
mol 18.0 g
c
________ 15. moles O2 y grams O2 a. molecules ! """ ! ""
6.02 ! 1023 molecules mol
mol 64.1 g
b
________ 16. liters SO2 y grams SO2 at STP b. liters ! "" ! ""
22.4 L mol
32.0 g
d
________ 17. molecules He y liters He(g) at STP c. mol ! ""
mol
mol 22.4 L
________
e 18. grams Sn y molecules Sn d. molecules ! """ ! ""
6.02 ! 1023molecules mol
23
mol 6.02 ! 10 molecules
________
a 19. molecules H2O y grams H2O e. grams ! "" ! """
119 g mol

Part D Questions and Problems

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Answer the following questions in the space provided.
20. How many liters of carbon monoxide (at STP) are needed to react with 4.8 g of
oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide?
2CO(g) $ O2(g) y 2CO2(g)

I IE 8 Y
21. What mass of ammonia, NH3, is necessary to react with 2.1 ! 1024 molecules of
oxygen in the following reaction?

6.721C 2.1x1024mokOsf
4NH3(g) $ 7O2(g) y 6H2O(g) $ 4NO2(g)

292 Core Teaching Resources

 Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

LIMITING REAGENT AND PERCENT YIELD

12.3

Section Review
Objectives
• Identify and use the limiting reagent in a reaction to calculate the maximum
amount of product(s) produced and the amount of excess reagent
• Calculate theoretical yield, actual yield, or percent yield given the appropriate
information

Vocabulary
• limiting reagent • actual yield
• excess reagent • percent yield
• theoretical yield

Key Equations
actual yield
• percent yield ! "" # 100
theoretical yield

Part A Completion
Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms
that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, short
phrase, or number.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

Whenever quantities of two or more reactants are given in a 1.

limiting regent
stoichiometric problem, you must identify the 1 . This is the 2. used
up
reagent that is completely 2 in the reaction. The amount of 3. product
limiting reagent determines the amount of 3 that is formed. 4. theoretical yield

When an equation is used to calculate the amount of product 5. maximum

that will form during a reaction, the value obtained is the 4 . 6. actualyield
This is the 5 amount of product that could be formed from a

given amount of reactant. The amount of product that forms when

the reaction is carried out in the laboratory is called the 6 .

Part B True-False
Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

AT
________ 7. Normally, the actual yield in a chemical reaction will be equal to or
less than the theoretical yield.

NT
________ 8. The actual yield of a chemical reaction can be calculated using mole
ratios.

Chapter 12 Stoichiometry 293

Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________

NT
________ 9. The amount of product can be determined from the amount of excess
reagent.

ST
________ 10. The percent yield of a product is 100 percent.

AT
________ 11. If you had 100 steering wheels, 360 tires, and enough of every other part
needed to assemble a car, the limiting reagent would be tires.

At
________ 12. The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that could
be formed in a chemical reaction.

Part C Matching
Match each description in Column B to the correct term in Column A.

Column A Column B
b
________ 13. actual yield a. the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield # 100

c 14. limiting reagent

________ b. the amount of product actually formed when a reaction is
carried out in the laboratory

e 15. theoretical yield

________ c. the reactant that determines the amount of product that can
be formed in a reaction

a
________ 16. percent yield d. the reactant that is not completely used up in a chemical
reaction

d
________ 17. excess reagent e. the maximum amount of product that can be formed during
a reaction

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Part D Questions and Problems
Answer the following in the space provided.
18. a. What is the limiting reagent when 3.1 mol of SO2 react with 2.7 mol of O2
according to the equation:
2SO2(g) $ O2(g) y 2SO3(g)

b. Calculate the maximum amount of product that can be formed and the
amount of unreacted excess reagent.

294 Core Teaching Resources