1

PMC – NMDCAT Lecture by Sheikh Shahbaz Ali A.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 12. TRANSITION ELEMENTS

COURSE CONTENTS LECTURE KEY

 General Characteristics
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Elements with partially filled “d “or “f” subshell [ d1 – 9][f1 – 13] in
Practice # 1
1).Which is transition atomic state or commonly occuring ionic state.
element? REASONS [1] Properties are in transition for s – block metals to p
A). P C). Pd – block nonmetals through d – block elements.
B). Po D). At [2] Variable oxidation
2). Which of the following Valence shell of d – Block elements = (n – 1)d1 – 10, ns0 , 1 , 2
has the greatest number Outer Transtion Elements (d – block)[d subshell penultimate]
of unpaired electrons? Inner Transition Elements(f – block)[f subhell is antepenultimate]
A). Fe C). Fe2+ ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF ATOM
B). Mn 2+
D). Cr3+
3). The first transition 3d series 4d series 5d series
1 2 1 2
series starts with: 21Sc [Ar] 3d 4s 39Y [Kr] 4d 5s 57La [Xe] 5d16s2
A). Sc C). Y 22Ti [Ar] 3d24s2 40Zr [Kr] 4d25s2 72Hf [Xe] 4f14 5d26s2
B). La D). Ac 23V
3
[Ar] 3d 4s 2
41Nb [Kr] 73Ta [Xe] 4f14 5d36s2
4). The non typical 4d45s1
transition element is:
A). Cr C). Cd 24C [Ar] 42Mo [Kr] 74W [Xe] 4f14 5d46s2
5 1 5 1
B). Co D). Cu r 3d 4s 4d 5s
5). What is electronic 25M [Ar] 3d54s2 43Tc [Kr] 4d55s2 75Re [Xe] 4f14 5d56s2
configuration of copper n
ion present in the 26Fe [Ar] 3d64s2 44Ru [Kr] 76Os [Xe] 4f14 5d66s2
complex [Cu(NH3)4]2+? 7
4d 5s 1
A). [Ar] 3d104s1 C). [Ar] 7 2
3d8 27C [Ar] 3d 4s 45Rh [Kr] 77Ir [Xe] 4f14 5d76s2
8 1
B). [Ar] 3d9 D). [Ar] o 4d 5s
8 2
3d10 28Ni [Ar] 3d 4s 46 Pd [Kr] 78Pt [Xe] 4f14 5d96s1
6). Maximum oxidation 4d105s0
state is of the element: 29C [Ar] 47Ag [Kr] 79Au [Xe] 4f14
A). Co C). Cu u 10
3d 4s 1 10
4d 5s 1
5d106s1
B). Zn D). Ni
7). Which does not show 30Z [Ar] 3d104s2 48Cd [Kr] 80Hg [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
10 2
variable oxidation states? n 4d 5s
A). N C). Cu ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF ATOM WITH UMPAIRED
B). Zn D). ELECTRONS
Cr 3d series 3dxy 3dxz 3dyz 3dx2– y2 3dz2 4s
8). Which orbitals are Unpaired e –
used used by the d – Sc
21 [Ar] 3d14s2
block elements during 1
the complex formation? Ti
22 [Ar] 3d24s2 2
A). s,p C). s,p,d,f
B). s,p,d D). d, f V
23 [Ar] 3d34s2 3
9). Which compound is
24 Cr [Ar] 3d54s1 5+1
unlikely to exist?
A). Mn2O3 C). Mn2O7 Mn
25
5
[Ar] 3d 4s 2
5
B). MnO4 D). MnO
10). Which cations will Fe
26 [Ar] 3d64s2 4
have same electronic
configuration? Co
27 [Ar] 3d74s2 3
A). Ni3+,Co2+ C).
Ni3+,Co3+ Ni
28 [Ar] 3d84s2 2
B). Ni2+,Co2+ D). Ni4+,Co5+
11). Which element of d – 29 Cu [Ar] 3d104s1 1
block possesses following
electronic configuration? Zn
30 [Ar] 3d104s2 0
[Xe] 4f14 5d76s2
A). Co C). Ir
B). Rh D). Ru ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF IONS WITH UMPAIRED
12). Which element does ELECTRONS
not form complex
compound?
A). Li C). Cu
B). Zn
D). C
13). If Cu2+ has 3d9 in its
valence shell then Ag2+
will have .
A). 4d9 C).
6d9
B). 5d9 D).
3d9
14). Which element
mostly exists as
tripositive ion?
A). Cu C). Mn
B). Sc D).
Zn
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15). Which group 3d series 3dxy 3dxz 3dyz 3dx2– y2 3dz2 4s

contains elements that do Unpaired e –
not have partially filled d Sc3+
21 [Ar] 3d04s0 0
– subshell in atomic and
in their ionic state? Ti3+
22 [Ar] 3d14s0 1
A). IB C). IIIB
V3+ [Ar] 3d24s0 2
B). IIB D). 23

VIIIB 24 Cr3+ [Ar] 3d34s0 3

3+ 4 0
Mn
25 [Ar] 3d 4s 4

26Fe3+ [Ar] 3d54s0 5

2+
25Mn
2+
26Fe [Ar] 3d64s0 4

Co2+
27 [Ar] 3d74s 3

28 Ni2+ [Ar] 3d84s0 2

29 Cu2+ [Ar] 3d94s0 1

Zn2+
30 [Ar] 3d104s0 0

PMC – NMDCAT Lecture by Sheikh Shahbaz Ali A.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 12.

TRANSITION ELEMENTS
16). What oxidation LECTURE ●Variable
state is exhibited by all OXIDATION STATES OF TRANSITION oxidation states
the transition elements ELEMENTS due to use of
of 3d series? unpaired
A). +1 C). +3 electrons of d
Sc +2 +3
B). +2 subshell along
D). +4 Ti +2 +3 +4 with s subshell.
17). Oxidation state of V +2 +3 +4 +5 ●Oxidation
copper in Cu2Cl2 is Cr +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 number
similar to that of: increases upto
A). S in SCl2 C). Cu in M + + + + + + + Mn then
Cu2O n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 decreases due to
B).Hg in HgCl2 D). Fe in Fe +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 filling up of d
FeSO4 subshell and
18). What elements of
Co +2 +3 +4 +5 availability of
3d series can show Ni +2 +3 +4 fewer unpaired
oxidation state of +6 in Cu +1 +2 +3 electrons.●+2
their compounds? Zn +2 due to use of
A). Cr,Mo,Fe C). Cr, Mn, only s –
Fe SURVEY OF CATALYSTS electrons
B). Ni, Fe, Cu D). Fe, Cr, Ti = TiCl4 polymerization of ethene except for Cr
V V = V2O5[Contact Process][Catalytic oxidation and Cu.
Practice # 2 of
●Highest
1). Which of the oxidation state
following d – block
benzene] = First five
elements can show the Cr = Cr2O3[Promoter of Haber Process] elements use
highest oxidation state [Aromatization all of s and d
in its compound? of alkanes] electrons.
A). Ti C). Cu [Preparation of CH3OH from water
B). Os gas (CO + H2) ]
D). Sc Mo = MoO3 [Industrial oxidation of CH3OH to HCHO]
2). What are the
oxidation states of ‘Ti’
Mn = MnO2[Decomposition of KClO3]
in FeTiO3 and Fe2(TiO3)3 MnSO4 [ Autocatalyst for redox oxidation of oxalic acid by
A). +4,+4 C). +2,+2 KMnO4]
B). +3,+3 D). Fe = Fe2+[Activator for chrome oxidase]
+5,+5 FeCl3, FeBr3 [Electrophilic halogenation of benzene]
3). For which of the Fe [Haber Process]
following transition FeO[Industrial oxidation of CH3OH to HCHO]
metals does the ground
Ni = Ni[Catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated organic
state atom has an
unpaired electron in s – compounds]
orbital? Organo – nickel catalyst[Polymerization of ethyne to benzene]
A). Cr C). Fe Pd = Pd [Hydrogenolysis of RX][Partial hydrogenation of alkynes]
B). Co [Dehydrogenation of cycloalkane]
D). Mn PdCl2[Promoter in the oxidation of ethene by O2]
4). Which of the Pt = Pt[Decomposition of H2O2][Formation of H2O from O2 and H2]
following compound [Laboratory oxidation of CH3OH to HCHO][Dehydrogenation of
cannot be formed by an
cycloalkane]
element represented by
‘A’ of 3d – series? Cu = CuCl2[Oxidation of HCl][Promoter for oxidation of ethene by
A). AO2 O2]
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C). AO4 Cu [Cyclic polymerization of ethyne to benzene]

B). AO3 D). AO3 [Decomposition of HCOOH to CO2 and H2]
5). Which of the [Promoter in the hydrogenation of vegetable oil]
compound of titanium is [Catalytic oxidation of CH4][Laboratory oxidation of CH3OH]
unlikely to exist?
Cu2Cl2[Addition of HCN to ethyne][Linear polymerization of
A). K2TiO4 C). TiCl3
B). K3TiF6 D). TiO acetylene]
6). Which of the Ag = Ag [Laboratory oxidation of CH3OH] REASONS FOR
following ions is readily Ag2O[Oxidation of alkenes by O2, CATALYTIC
able to donate electron? epoxidation] ACTIVITY
A). Al3+ Zn = Zn2+ [ Activator for carbonic 1. Due to variable
C). Fe2+ anhydrase] oxidation states act
B). Cu2+ D). Mg2+ ZnCl2[Lucas Test for alcohols] as intermediate and
7). What is the help in the exchange
ZnO[Preparation of CH3OH from water gas
electronic configuration of electron
of iron cation which can (CO + H2) ]
2. Availability of
form the complex ion Hg = HgSO4 [ Hydration of alkynes] surface for adsorption
[Fe(CN)6]4 – ? for reactants
A). [Ar]3d6 4s2 C).
[Ar]3d6
B). [Ar]3d5 4s0 D).
[Ar]3d5 4s1
8). For which of the
following transition
metals does the ground
state atom has no
electron in s – orbital?
A). Cr C). Fe
B). Co
D). Pd
Practice # 2
9). Which atom has maximum of three unpaired electrons?
A). Al C). Cr
B). Sc D). Co
10). Which particle contains a single unpaired electron?
A). a molecule of H2S C). a ammonium ion in NH 4Cl
B). a S in S8 D). a copper ion in CuO
11). What is the electronic structure of iron (II) ion?
A). 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 C). 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
2 2 6 2
B). 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 6 6
D). 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2
3+
12). What is the electronic configuration of Cr ?
A). [Ar] 3d1 4s2 C). [Ar] 3d3 4s0
2
B). [Ar] 3d 4s 2
D). [Ar] 3d 4 4s0

PMC –NMDCAT Lecture by Sheikh Shahbaz Ali A.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 12.

TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Practice # 2
13). Which properties are Ni, Pd and Pt likely to have in common?
A). variable oxidation states C). the highest melting point in their
period
B). similar atomic radii D). similar density
14). Which of the elements is the electronic configuration of transition metal?
A). [Xe] 6s1 C). [Xe] 4f 14,5d10,6s2,6p2
14 10
B). [Xe] 4f ,5d ,6s 1
D). [Xe] 6s2
15). Which catalyst is used in Contact Process and in the oxidation of benzene to maleic
anhydride?
A). MnO2 C). Cr 2O3
B). V2O5 D). MoO 3
16). Copper metal acts as promoter in:
A). hydrogenation of vegetable oil C). oxidation of formic acid
B). cyclic polymerization of acetylene D). Haber Process
17). In which of the following chemical reactions is the transition metal compound behaves
as a promoter?
A). oxidation of ethanol by acidified K2Cr2O7 C). oxidation of toluene by acidified
KMnO4
B). hydroxylation of ethene by alkaline KMnO4 D). oxidation of ethene by O2 using
CuCl2
18). Which aqueous solution should not be stirred with a nickel spatula because a reaction
can occur?
A). Cr3+(aq) C). Cd 2+(aq)
2+
B). Zn (aq) D). Fe3+(aq)
COURSE CONTENTS LECTURE
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OR COMPLEXES
d. Formation of Complexes
e. Colour of Transition Metal It is a compound that contains complex ion and does not
Complexes ionize to give all the possible ions but double salt can do so.
Fe (CN)2 + 4KCN K4[Fe (CN)6 ] 4K+(aq) + [ Fe (CN)6 ]4 – (aq)
Practice # 1
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1). The strength of Monodentate ligand = Coordination number of

binding energy of Coordination sphere central metal
transition elements atom/ion
depends upon:
A). number of electron pairs.
B). Number of unpaired K4 [Fe(CN)6] [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
electrons. [Ni(CO)4]
C). Number of neutrons.
D). Number of protons.
2). Group VIB of H2O H 2O H 2O
transition elements
contains 4K++[Fe(CN)6]4– [Co(NH3)6]3++3Cl –
A).Zn, Cd, Hg C).Fe, Ru,
Os
[Ni(CO)4]
B).Cr, Mo, W D).Mn, Simple Complex Complex Simple
Te, Re Neutral
3). Which is the formula Cation Anion Cation Anion
of tetra-ammine chloro- Molecule
nitro platinum (IV) 2 x Bidentate ligand = Coordination number of
sulphate? central metal atom/ion
A). [ Pt (NH3)4 (NO2) ] SO4
B). [ Pt NO2Cl (NH3)4 ] SO4
K2 [Pt(C2O4)2] [Pt(C2O4)2]2 – [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]
C). [Pt Cl (NO2) (NH3)4] Cl2
SO4 Ionizable
D). [ Pt (NH3)4 (NO2) Cl ] SO4 Ionizable
4). The colour of Ions = 3 Charge on coordination Chloride
transition metal ions = 2
complexes is due to
Sphere = – 2
A). d – d transition of
electrons
B). Para magnetic nature of Donor atom in
NOMENCLATURE - Naming
transition elements. carbonyl = C
[Ag (NH3)2 ]Cl Diamminesilver(I) choride
C). Ionisation K2[Cu(CN)4] Potassium [:C ≡ O:]
D). Loss of s– electrons tetracyanocuprate(II) Donor atom in
5). Coordination number nitrosyl = N [:N
[Co (NO2)3(NH3)3] Triamminetrinitrocobalt
of Pt in [ Pt Cl (NO2) = O:]
(NH3)4 ]2 + is (III)
A). 2 – C).4 [Fe (CN)6]4 – Hexacyanoferrate (II) ion
●●
B).1 D). 6 [Ti(H2O)6 ]3+ Hexaaquatitanium (III)
6). Oxidation number of ion
Fe in
NOMENCLATURE – Writing Formula
K4[ Fe (CN)6 ] is -----------
which in K3 [ Fe (CN)6 ] is Tetramminechloronitroplatinum (IV) sulphate [PtCl (NO 2)
--------. (NH3)4]SO4
A). +2, +3 C).
+3,+2 EXERCISE (Name, coordination number, oxidation state of
B). +2, +4 D). +2, metal, type ligand, geometry, charge on coordination
+2 sphere)
7). Which complex of [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] (Octahedral)[d2sp3] [MnCl4]2 – (Tetrahedral)
platinum is the most 3
[sp ]
stable?
[Fe(CO)5](trigonal bipyramidal)[dsp3] K4 [Fe (CN)6]
A). K2[PtCl6] C). K2[PtF6]
B). [Pt(CO)6] D).
[Fe(H2O)6]+2
K2[PtC2O4)2] Na2 [Fe (CN)5NO] (Sodium nitroprusside) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
9). Which complex will Na3[CoF6] [Ni (CO)4](Tetrahedral) K2[PtCl6]
give cationic complex ion [Pt(OH)2(NH3)4]SO4
in water? [Cu (NH3)4 ]SO4(square planar)[dsp2] [Cu (NH3)4]2+ [dsp2]
+
A). Na3[Cu(CN)6 ] C). [Ag(NH3)2]OH Tollen’s reagent [Li(NH3)4] , Na[Al(OH)4] , NaBH4 , LiAlH4
[Fe(CO)5 ]
B). [Ti(H2O)6 ]Cl3 D). DOUBLE SALTS Gives all possible ions in water
K[Ag(CN)2 ] Mohr’s salt = FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4 .6H2O Alum = K2SO4,
10). In what complex
Al2(SO4)4.24H2O
central atom has
maximum positive
Bleaching powder = Ca(OCℓ)Cℓ
oxidation state?
A). [Fe(CO)5 ] C).
K[V(CO)5 ]
B). Na3[FeF6 ] D).
K2[PtC2O4)2]

PMC – NMDCAT Lecture by Sheikh Shahbaz Ali A.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

12. TRANSITION ELEMENTS
11). Colour of aqueous LECTURE
solution of [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is:
CHELATE Complex compound with one or more ring,
A). violet C).
yellow contains polydentate ligand, more stable than metal complexes
B). red D). blue Examples Chlorophyll, haemoglobin, [Pt(C2O4)2]2 – (square
12). Ketone reacts with planar]
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alkaline sodium
nitroprusside solution to O=C–O O–C=O 2–
give a complex of colour: 2+
A). brick red +
B). wine red or orange red 2K Pt
C). white D). violet
13). What is the correct O=C–O O–C=O
name of the given complex
ion? COLOUR OF COORDINATION COMPOUND(COMPLEXES)
[MnCl4 ]2 – Complex ion absorbs wavelength of visible light and transmits a set of
A). Manganese tetrachloride(I) radiation and imparts colour. The d – d splitting is due to crystal field
B). Tetrachloromanganese (II) effect of ligands
C). dx2– y2 dz2
Tetrachloromanganate(II)
D). Tetrachoridemanganate(II) d – d after
14). Which complex after absorbing ∆E
compound is used during
the study X – ray spectrum.
∆E
A). [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 B).
K3[Fe(CN)6]
B). [Ag(NH3)2]Cl D).
K4[Fe(CN)6] dxy dxz dxy
14). Which compound has a
colour not due to d – d Red Orange
transition? [Ti(H2O)6 ]3+ = Y – BR – V
A). FeSO4 C). Coloured ions = Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ , Co2+, Fe2+ violet
CuSO4.5H2O Yellow
B). KMnO4 D). NiCl2 Fe3+, Cr3+
15). The aqueous solution of 10 0
d or d = Colourless
ScCl3 is :
A). green C). black
Blue Green
B). orange red D).
colourless
16). The absorption energy
of d – d transition lies in:
A). visible region C).
ultraviolet region
B). infra red region D). x –rays
region

Practice # 2
1). PtCl4 reacts with NH3 to form complex in which coordination number of Pt is 6. One
formula unit of this complex contains a cation and only two Cl – ions. What is its formula?
A). [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4 C). [Pt(NH 3)5Cl]Cl3
B). [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2 D). [Pt(NH 3)3Cl3]Cl3
2). Which species does not act as a ligand in the formation of complexes?
A). CH3NH2 C). NH4+
+
B). H3N – NH2 D). OH –
3). Which of the following does not involve the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of
the ammonia molecule?
A). formation of NH4+ in NH3(aq) C). formation of NH2 – during the
reaction of Na and NH3
B). dissolution of AgCl in NH3(aq) D). formation of hydrogen bond between
the molecules of NH3
4). What is oxidation number of platinum in the reactant and product in the given Lewis acid
base reaction?
[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] + H2O [Pt (NH3)2(H2O)(Cl)]+ + Cl –
A). +2, +1 C). +4, +3
B). +2, +2 D). +4, +4
5). Which process does not occur during the given reaction? Cu(NO3)2 + 4NH3
[Cu (NH3)4](NO3)2]
A). dative bond formation C). precipitation of Cu(OH) 2
B). formation of a complex ion D). reduction of Cu2+ ions
2+
6). Zn has a full set of valence ‘d’ electrons. What is not a direct consequence of this
property?
A). it aqueous does not absorb visible light C). its complexes are octahedral
B). its complexes are colourless D). metal exhibit only one oxidation
state
7). The element with the outer electronic structure 3d5 4s2 will be expected not to
A). form coloured ions C). have low melting point
B). form complex compounds D). have paramagnetic behaviour
8). 50mg of CN – is fatal to humans. Which of the following produces free CN – ions in water?
A). Fe(CN)2 C). [Fe(CN) 6]6 –
B). CH3CN D). K 2[Cu(CN)4]
9). Which one of the following is correct?
Complex Compound Geometry Hybridization Oxidation state of
transition metal
A). [MnCl4]2 – Tetrahedral sp 3 +4
B). [Fe(CO)5] Trigonal bipyramidal dsp3 0
C). [Cu(NH3)4]2+ Tetrahedral dsp 2 +2
 6

D). [Co(NH3)6]2+ Octahedral d 2sp2 +2

10). What is the oxidation state of central metal in K2[Pt (C2O4)2]?
A). +4 C). + 2
B). + 3 D). +4
11). Which and how many d orbitals are oriented along the axes?
A). 3 and dxy dxz dxy C). 3 and dx2– y2 dz2 dxy
B). 2 and dxy d xz D). 2 and dx2– y2 dz2
SHAHBAZ ALI, Assistant professor Govt. Postgraduate College (F/B ) Satellite Town, Gujranwala.

PMC – NMDCAT Lecture by Sheikh Shahbaz Ali A.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 12.

TRANSITION ELEMENTS

General Description
Characteristi
c
Definition Transition elements = Partially filled d or f sub-shells in atomic
state or in any of their commonly occurring oxidation states.
Properties
(1) Metals in true sense
(2) Hard and strong metals with high melting and boiling points.
(3) Good conductors of heat and electricity.
(4) Show variable valency or oxidation state(with few excepions)
(5) Their ions and compounds are coloured in solid state as well as in
solution form at least in one oxidation state
Types •Typical Transition element = IVB_____VIIIB, IB
•Nontypical Transition element = IIIB, IIB
•Outer Transition Elements = d – Block Elements
•Inner Transition Elements = f – Block Elements
•Lanthanides = 4f series Actinides = 5f series
Binding Good mechanical properties[Tough, malleable and ductile]. Strong metallic binding
[Use of s – electrons and d – electrons]
Energy •Binding Energy, Melting Point & Boiling Point α No. of
Melting point unpaired electrons
Boiling Point They upto group VIB and weakens progressively upto group IIB. But “Cr” and “Mn” are
exception cases. [ V = Maximum B.E in first series ] [Melting point α B.E]
Covalent •Covalent radii = Decrease rapidly at the start of the series,
Radii then become almost constant, and finally begin to increase at
the end of the series.
And
[Increase is due to contraction of filled 3d orbitals into the
Ionic Radii electron core and shielding of the 4s electrons more
effectively from the nucleus]
•Ionic radii = Variation is much less regular and difficult to
rationalize.
Paramagnetis •Paramagnetism α No. of unpaired electrons
m&
Diamagnetis 1
m •Diamagnetism α No. of unpaired electrons

Interstitial Interstitial Compounds =Entering of non-metal atoms like H, B,

compounds C, N in the interstices of transition metals
•Non-stoichiometric compounds •Interstitial
alloys.
Alloy formation •Substitutional alloys due to similarity in their sizes
•Alloy steels = Fe atoms are substituted by Cr, Mn and Ni
atoms, etc,
•Brass •Bronze •Coinage alloys
Practice # 1
1). Which general property shows irregular trend along period of the
transition elements:
A). Covalent Radii C). Paramagnetism
B). Ionic Radii D). Melting
Point
2). ________ maximum binding energy among the element of “3d” series?
A). Cr C). Mn
B). V D). Fe
3). Choose the nontypical transition element.
A). Zn C). Cu
B). Co D). Ni
 7

4). What is the general characteristic of transition element?

A). Catenation C). Interstitial
compounds formation
B). Combustibility D). Polymerization
5). Along the 3d series of transition elements how covalent radii vary as
we move from left to right?
A). First increases then become almost constant, and finally decreases
B). First decreases then become almost constant, and finally decreases
C). First increases then become almost constant, and finally decreases
D). First decreases then become almost constant, and finally increases
6). Brass and bronze are
A). Complex compounds C). Alloy
B). Nonstoichiometric compounds D). Interstitial
compounds
7). Melting point of transition elements of d – block is related to
A). Intermolecular forces C). Binding forces
B). Bonding forces D). Magnetic
forces
8). Lanthanides and actinides are called
A). Outer transition elements C). Inner
transition elements
B). Middle transition elements D). Internal
Transition elements
SHAHBAZ ALI, Assistant professor Govt. Postgraduate College (F/B ) Satellite Town, Gujranwala.