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Leaf Classification Demonstration

The document provides detailed instructions on leaf classification, including terminology related to leaf parts, vein orders, and leaf shapes. It outlines methods for binning leaves and calculating their surface area, along with visual examples. Essential tools for the process include a ruler, calculator, and worksheets for classification.

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Adesola Oladipo
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10 views64 pages

Leaf Classification Demonstration

The document provides detailed instructions on leaf classification, including terminology related to leaf parts, vein orders, and leaf shapes. It outlines methods for binning leaves and calculating their surface area, along with visual examples. Essential tools for the process include a ruler, calculator, and worksheets for classification.

Uploaded by

Adesola Oladipo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Demo leaf photo sheet

 Demo leaf photo sheet


 Seven Simple Steps to
Binning Leaves
 Demo leaf photo sheet
 Seven Simple Steps to
Binning Leaves
 Binning Chart
 Demo leaf photo sheet
 Seven Simple Steps to
Binning Leaves
 Binning Chart
 Leaf Classification
Worksheet
Ruler with centimeter scale (1 centimeter equals
10 millimeters, so each tick mark on the ruler is
equal to 1 millimeter)
Calculator
Scrap paper
Paper clips
Pencil, or pen
Words you will need to know.
Leaf parts 1
Petiole: the leaf stalk or stem
Lamina: the fleshy portion of the
leaf connected to the petiole
containing a network of veins
Base: the lower quarter of the
lamina nearest the petiole
Margin: the edge of the lamina
Leaf parts 2
Midvein: a primary vein running
through the center of the lamina;
generally the thickest vein
Lateral secondary veins: veins
branching outward from the
midvein, other primaries, or
secondaries like limbs on a tree
Apex: the upper quarter of the
lamina where the midvein ends
Veins in leaves are classified first to seventh order. In
most photographs the fourth to seventh order veins are
not visible.
Vein orders are based on gauge (thickness or diameter).
The leaf’s thickest veins are first order.
First order = Primary vein or veins
Second order = Secondary veins
Third order = Tertiary veins
Leaf Classification
Steps to Binning
The petiole connects
in the interior of the
lamina.
The petiole connects at
the margin.
What is a lobe?
A lobe is a finger-like
projection of the leaf
margin. A sinus is an
indentation in the leaf
margin. To be lobed,
the sinus must cut
inward at least 25% of
the distance from the
projection’s tip to the
midvein.
A leaf with no lobes
A leaf with two or
more lobes
Primary veins are the thickest order of veins.
The midvein is always a primary vein. Any
other vein that is at least 75% of the midvein’s
thickness, and branches from it at or near the
base is also considered a primary vein.
A leaf with only
one primary vein
A leaf with two or
more primary veins.
A tooth is a vein-bearing projection of the
margin. It has a sinus that cuts inward less
than 25% of the distance from the projection’s
tip to the midvein.
dentate Serrate crenate
A leaf with one or
more teeth
A leaf without a
tooth
Agrophic veins are a comb-like arrangement of
second order veins branching from a lateral
primary or secondary vein.
An agrophic vein is not paired with a second
order vein on the opposite side of the lateral
vein it branches from.
simple agrophics compound agrophics
A leaf having
agrophic veins
A leaf having no
agrophic veins.
Secondary veins are laterally branching second
order veins. With the primary veins they form
a framework that gives the leaf its structural
integrity.
If the leaf were a tree, the midvein and other
primaries would be its trunk or trunks. The
secondaries would be the largest limbs
branching from the trunk.
Craspedodromous (Crasp)
Semicraspedodromous (Semicrasp)
Eucamptodromous (Eucampt)
Brochidodromous (Brochid)
In a craspedodromous leaf,
the secondary vein ends at
the margin almost always in a
tooth, or at a marginal vein.
In a semicraspedodromous
leaf, the secondary vein
branches near the margin;
one branch ends in a tooth
and the other joins with a
nearby secondary.
In a eucamptododromous
leaf, the secondary vein never
reaches the margin. It loses
gauge as it nears the margin.
No longer a second order
vein, it curves away from the
margin and links to a nearby
secondary as a tertiary vein.
In a brochidodromous
leaf, the secondary vein
never reaches the margin,
but curves to join with a
nearby secondary vein
forming second order
loops and arches.
Leaf Shape:

The widest part of


the leaf is in the
bottom 2/5 of the
lamina (nearer the
base).
Leaf Shape:

The widest part of


the leaf is in the
middle 1/5 of the
lamina (nearer the
middle).
Leaf Shape:

The margins through


the middle 1/3 of the
lamina are nearly
parallel.
Leaf Shape:

The widest part of


the leaf is in the
upper 2/5 of the
lamina (nearer the
apex).
How to calculate the surface area of a
leaf and assign a size class
To estimate the surface area of the leaf, measure the
length and width of the lamina.
Use the fossil leaf photograph labeled Actual Size to
make the measurements of leaf length and width.
Some fossil leaves are not complete. Measure only
what you can see.
Measure the length of the lamina parallel to the
midvein in millimeters. Do not include the length of
the petiole in your measurement.
Measure the width of the lamina perpendicular to the
midvein in millimeters.
The surface area of a rectangle is calculated by
multiplying length times width. Given that leaves are
not rectangular, the surface area of a leaf is estimated
using the formula:
Leaf Area (mm2) = Length (mm) x Width (mm) x 0.75
Assigning a Size Class
After estimating the leaf area, use the Raunkiaer-Webb
Size Class Chart to assign the leaf a size class.

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