Mathematics

Name
Class Grade 8 A & B
Subject Mathematics Geometry
Geometry Revision Chapter

Part 1: Points, Lines, and Planes

1-) Distinct points are 2 or more points occupying different places in
space.
2-) Collinear points are 3 or more points contained on the same straight
line.
3-) Coplanar points are 4 or more points contained in the same plane.

4-) Confounded or coincident points are 2 or more points occupying the

same place in space.

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5-) Coplanar lines are 2 or more lines contained in the same plane.
6-) Confounded or coincident lines are 2 or more lines having all points in
common.
7-) Parallel lines are 2 or more coplanar lines having no points in common.
8-) Intersecting lines are 2 coplanar lines having 1 point in common called
the point of intersection.
9-) Concurrent lines are 3 or more coplanar lines having 1 point in
common called the point of concurrency.
10-) Perpendicular lines are 2 coplanar intersecting lines such that the
angles formed by these 2 lines are right angles.

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Part 2: Segments and Semi-Straight Lines
1-) A segment is a part of a line with a beginning and an end. The 2
endpoints are called extremities.

2-) Congruent segments are 2 or more segments having the same length.

3-) A semi-straight line (semi-line or ray) is a part of a line with a

beginning, called the origin, and no end. 2 semi-lines are said to be
opposite is they have a common origin, are distinct, and are held by the
same straight line.

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Part 3: Division of a Segment
1-) The midpoint of a segment is a point that divides the segment into 2
congruent segments and such that the 3 points are collinear.

2-) The perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line perpendicular to the

segment at its midpoint. This line is considered the axis of symmetry of
that segment.

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Part 4: Properties of Equality in
Geometry
1-) Operative Properties of Equality:
 Addition and Subtraction:
If a=b, then a+c=b+c and a-c=b-c.
If a=b and c=d, then a+c=b+d and a-c=b-d.
 Multiplication and Division:
If a=b, then a×c=b×c and a÷c=b÷c.
If a=b and c=d, then a×c=b×d and a÷c=b÷d.

2-) Reflexive Property of Equality:

A=A

3-) Transitive Property of Equality:

If a=b and b=c, then a=c.

4-) Substitution Property of Equality:

If a= b+c and c=m, then a= b+m.
We can substitute c for any value equal to it.

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Part 5: Types of Angles & Angle Pairs
1-) Acute angle: an angle that measures greater than 0° but less than 90°.

2-) Right angle: an angle that measures exactly 90°. The sides of a right
angle are always perpendicular.

3-) Obtuse angle: an angle that measures greater than 90° but less than
180°.

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4-) Straight angle: measures exactly 180 degrees. The 3 points in the angle
are collinear.

5-) Full angle: measures exactly 360 degrees.

6-) Adjacent angles: 2 angles having a side in common, a vertex in

common, but no common interior points.

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7-) Congruent angles: are 2 angles having the same measure

8-) Complementary angles: 2 angles having a sum of 90 degrees. Each

angle is said to be the complement of the other. They can be
complementary adjacent, complementary non-adjacent, or complementary-
adjacent-congruent.

9-) Supplementary angles: 2 angles having a sum of 180 degrees. Each

angle is said to be the supplement of the other. They can be supplementary
adjacent, supplementary non-adjacent, or supplementary-adjacent-
congruent.

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Part 6: Angle Bisector
The bisector of an angle is a semi-straight line that
divides it into 2 congruent angles. It is considered the
axis of symmetry of the angle.

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Part 7: Triangles
A triangle is a polygon with 3 sides, 3 vertices (appendix; plural:
appendices), and 3 angles.

Vertex A relative to side [BC] and side [BC] relative to vertex A.

Vertex B relative to side [AC] and side [AC] relative to vertex B.
Vertex C relative to side [AB] and side [AB] relative to vertex C.
<ABC relative to side [AC] and side [AC] relative to <ABC.
<ACB relative to side [AB] and side [AB] relative to <ACB.
<BAC relative to side [BC] and side [BC] relative to <BAC.

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Part 8: Classification of Triangles
According to Angles
1-) Acute triangle: triangle having 3 acute angles.

2-) Right triangle: triangle having 1 right angle and 2 acute angles. The
side opposite to the right angle is called the hypotenuse. The other 2 sides
are called legs/arms.

3-) Obtuse triangle: triangle having 1 obtuse angle and 2 acute angles

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Part 9: Classification of Triangles
According to Sides
1-) Scalene triangle: a triangle having 3 non-congruent sides

2-) Isosceles triangle: a triangle having 2 congruent sides. The common

vertex of the 2 congruent sides is called the principle/main vertex. The 3rd
side is called the base. The 2 angles at the base are called base angles.

3-) Equilateral triangle: triangle having 3 congruent sides and 3 congruent

angles each measuring 60°.

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Part 10: Special Triangles
1-) Half-Equilateral Triangle: a right triangle having 2 angles measuring
60° and 30°.

2-) Right Isosceles Triangle: an isosceles triangle where the 2 base angles
measuring 45° each and the 3rd angle measures 90°.

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Part 11: Remarkable Lines in a Triangle
1-) Median: a segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite
side. The 3 medians intersect at a point called the center of gravity or
centroid.

2-) Altitude/Height: a perpendicular dropped from a vertex to the midpoint

of the opposite side. The 3 altitudes are concurrent at a point called the
orthocenter.

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3-) The bisector in any triangle is the bisector of any angle of this triangle.
The three bisectors of the three angles in any triangle are concurrent at a
point called center of the inscribed circle or the in-center.

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4-) The perpendicular bisector in any triangle is the perpendicular bisector
of any side of this triangle. The three perpendicular bisectors of the three
sides in any triangle are concurrent at a point called center of the
circumscribed circle or the circumcenter.

In any acute triangle, the circumcenter is contained in the triangle.

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 MA=MB=MC.

In any right triangle, the circumcenter is the midpoint of the hypotenuse.

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In any obtuse triangle, the circumcenter is outside the triangle.

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Part 12: Proving Methods
1-) Proving 3 points collinear:
To prove 3 points collinear, we need to prove that the angle formed by
these 3 points measures 180°.

2-) Proving a midpoint:

To prove a certain point is the midpoint of a segment, we need to prove
that the 3 points formed are collinear and the 2 segments are congruent.

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3-) Proving the bisector of an angle:
To prove a semi-straight line is the bisector of an angle, we need to prove
that the 2 angles formed are adjacent and congruent.

4-) Proving the perpendicular bisector of a segment:

To prove a line is perpendicular to a segment, we need to prove that the
line is perpendicular to the segment at its midpoint.

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5-) Proving lines parallel:
To prove 2 lines parallel, we have 2 methods:
Method 1: Proving that the 2 lines are parallel to the same 3rd line.

Method 2: Proving that the 2 lines are perpendicular to the same 3rd line.

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6-) Proving an isosceles triangle:

7-) Proving an equilateral triangle:

8-) Proving a right isosceles triangle:

9-) Proving a half equilateral triangle:

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Part 13: Properties and Theorems
1-) Equidistant Property of the Perpendicular Bisector:
Any point on the perpendicular bisector of a segment is equidistant from
the two endpoint of the segment.

2-) Converse of Equidistant Property of the Perpendicular Bisector:

Any point equidistant from the two endpoints of the segment belongs to
the perpendicular bisector of the segment.

If M belongs to the perpendicular bisector (xy) of [AB] then MA=MB.

If MA=MB, then M belongs to (xy) the perpendicular bisector of [AB].

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3-) Perpendicular Postulate:
Given a point A and a line (xy) such that A does not belong to (xy). From
point A, there is exactly one line passing through the point A
perpendicular to the given line (xy).

4-) Distance from a point to a line:

The shortest distance from a point to a line is the length of the
perpendicular drawn from this point to the line. Any other segment joining
the point to the line is longer.

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5-) Property of Midpoint:

6-) Property of Collinear Points:

7-) Property of Angle Bisector:

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8-) Angle Addition Postulate:

9-) Complements of the same angle are congruent:

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10-) Supplements of same angles are congruent:

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11-) Complements of congruent angles are congruent.

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12-) Supplements of congruent angles are congruent.

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13-) If 2 angles are congruent, then the complement of the 1st is the
complement of the 2nd.

14-) If 2 angles are congruent, then the supplement of the 1st is the
supplement of the 2nd.

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15-) Vertically opposite angles are congruent.

16-) The bisectors of 2 adjacent-supplementary angles form a right angle.

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17-) The sum of angles in any triangle is equal to 180°.

18-) Property of sides in any triangle: In any triangle, the length of any
side is less than the sum and greater than the difference of the other two
sides.

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19-) If two angles in one triangle are equal to two angles in another
triangle then the third pair of angles are equal.

20-) The acute angles in any right triangle are complementary.

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21-) The exterior angle in any triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite
interior angles.

22-) The angle formed by the interior and the exterior bisector is a right
angle.

23-) If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite to
these two angles are also congruent.

24-) If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite to
these two angles are also congruent.

25-) The median relative to the base in an isosceles triangle is at the same
time the altitude relative to the base. Since this line is a median and
altitude at the same time, therefore this line is the perpendicular bisector of
the base.

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Part 14: Congruent Triangles
2 triangles are said to be congruent if their homologous elements (sides,
vertices, and angles) are congruent.

Fig: 63

AB=PQ
AC=PR
CB=RQ

<ACB=<PRQ
<ABC=<PQR
<BAC=<QPR

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Part 15: Cases of Triangle Congruency
The 3 method to prove congruent triangles are:
 S-S-S
 S-A-S
 A-S-A

Fig: 64
Given: Required to Prove:
∆ABC isosceles with vertex C ∆ABC=∆XYZ
∆XYZ isosceles with vertex Z
AB=XY
∆ABC isosceles with vertex C (given)
∴ CA=CB and <CAB=<CBA (Properties of Isosceles Triangle)
∆XYZ isosceles with vertex Z (given)
∴ ZX=ZY and <ZXY=<ZYX (Properties of Isosceles Triangle)
CA=ZX and CB=ZY (Congruent relative sides) and AB=XY (given)
∴ ∆ABC=∆XYZ (by the S-S-S Postulate)

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 Fig: 65
Given: Required to Prove:
∆ABC isosceles with vertex C ∆ABC=∆XYZ
∆XYZ isosceles with vertex Z
AB=XY
∆ABC isosceles with vertex C (given)
∴ CA=CB and <CAB=<CBA (Properties of Isosceles Triangle)
∆XYZ isosceles with vertex Z (given)
∴ ZX=ZY and <ZXY=<ZYX (Properties of Isosceles Triangle)
<CAB=<ZXY and <CBA=<ZYX (Congruent relative angles) and
AB=XY (given)
∴ ∆ABC=∆XYZ (by the A-S-A Postulate)

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 Fig: 66
Given: Required to Prove:
∆ABC isosceles with vertex C ∆ABC=∆XYZ
∆XYZ isosceles with vertex Z
∆ABC isosceles with vertex C (given)
∴ CA=CB and <CAB=<CBA (Properties of Isosceles Triangle)
∆XYZ isosceles with vertex Z (given)
∴ ZX=ZY and <ZXY=<ZYX (Properties of Isosceles Triangle)
CA=ZX and CB=ZY (Congruent relative sides)
∴ ∆ABC=∆XYZ (by the S-A-S postulate)

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Part 16: Lines and Transversals

(m) // (n)
(t) is a transversal, an intersecting line to 2 parallel lines.

The 4 types of angles in 2 lines cut by a transversal are:

 Interior angles: <3, <4, <5, <6
 Exterior angles: <1, <2, <7, <8
 Alternate Interior Angles: <3 and <6, <4 and <5
 Alternate Exterior Angles: <1 and <8, <2 and <7
 Corresponding Angles: <1 and <5, <2 and <6, <3 and <7, <4 and <8

 Corresponding Angles are congruent.

 Alternate Interior angles are congruent.
 Alternate Exterior angles are congruent.
 Same side interior angles are supplementary.

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Part 17: Exercises and Problems
1-) Given AB = 8cm. M is a point on [AB] such that AM = 5cm. Given
CD=AB and N is a point on CD such that CN=3/8 CD
a) Find CN
b) Draw the two segments and plot points M and N.
c) Show that AM = DN.

2-) On a straight-line (xy) plot points A, B and C such that AB = 6cm and
BC=4cm.
a) Construct the perpendicular bisector (L1) of [AB]. Line (L1) cuts [AB]
in M.
b) Construct the perpendicular bisector (L2) of [BC]. Line (L2) cuts [BC]
in N.
c) Show that (L1) and (L2) are parallel.
d) Find MN. Justify your answer.
e) Draw a semi-straight line [Az) such that <zAx = 40°. Semi-straight line
[Az) cuts
(L1) in D and (L2) in E.
f) What can you say about DA and DB? Justify your answer.
g) Construct from D the perpendicular to (BE) cutting it in F.

3-) Draw a segment AB = 6cm. Construct the perpendicular bisector (xy)

of [AB]. Plot point M the midpoint of [AB]. Plot point C, at equal distance
from A and B, such that BC=6cm.
a) Where is point C located?
b) What is the length of AC? Justify your answer.
c) What is the nature of triangle ABC?

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5-) Use the following figure to answer the questions.
Given: Required to Prove:
AB=MN NP=CB
CB= 5/6AB
MP=1/ 6 MN

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6-) Given:
A is the midpoint of [NP]
MN = PQ

Required to prove:
a) A is the midpoint of [MQ]
b) Let B be the midpoint of [MN] and C be the midpoint of [PQ] show that
AB = AC.

7-) Use the figure below to for parts A and B.

Part A:

Part B:

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8-) Use the figure below for parts A and B.

Part A:

Part B:

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9-) Use the figure below for parts A and B. The triangle is with dimensions
8 cm for AB and AC and 9 cm for BC.

Part A:

Part B:

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10-) Construct a triangle ABC such that AB=5cm, AC=4cm and BC=6cm.
a. Draw [AM] the median relative to [BC].
b. Plot N on [BC] such that BN =2cm.
c. What is the nature of triangle CAN? Justify your answer.

11-) Construct a triangle MNP such that MN=5cm, MP= 4cm and ≺ PMN
= 70°.
a. Draw the altitude [MH] relative to [PN] in this triangle. Find all angles of
triangle MPH.
b. Let K be a point on [MN] such that NK = 1cm. What is the nature of
triangle MPK? Deduct the measure of angle <PKM and <MPK.

12-) Construct a triangle RST such that RS = 6cm, ≺ TRS = 70° and
≺ RST = 40°. What is the nature of triangle ∆ RTS.

13-) Construct a triangle MNP such that MN=6cm, <MPN= 50° and
≺ PMN = 80°.
a. Deduce the nature of this triangle.
b. Draw the perpendicular bisector (xy) of [NP]. Show that point M
belongs to (xy).

14-) Draw an isosceles triangle ABC with vertex A such that AB = 4cm
and BC = 6cm. (xy) is the altitude and the median relative to [BC].
Show that A belongs to line (xy) the perpendicular bisector [BC].

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15-) Draw an isosceles triangle DEF with vertex D such that DE = 5cm
and <EDF = 70°.
a. Find <DEF and <DFE. Justify your answer.
b. Draw line [Dx) the bisector of <EDF cutting [EF] in M.
c. Show that [DM] is the altitude relative to [EF].

16-) Draw an isosceles triangle MNP with vertex P such that PM = 6cm
and <PMN = 40°.
a. Find <PNM and <NPM.
b. Draw [MK] the altitude relative to (PN). Find angle <KMN.

17-) Draw an isosceles triangle MNP with vertex P such that MN = 6cm
and <PMN = 50°.
a. Find <PNM and <NPM. Justify your answer.
b. Draw [PR] the altitude relative to [MN]. Show that this altitude is at the
same time bisector of angle <MPN.

18-) Draw a right triangle RST with vertex R such that RS =4cm and ST
=6cm.

19-) Draw a right isosceles triangle ADE with vertex A such that DE =
7cm.

20-) Draw a half-equilateral triangle ABC right angle at A such that

BC=6cm and <ABC=60°.
a. Draw [AH] the altitude relative to [BC].
b. What is the nature of triangle AHB and triangle AHC?

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21-) Draw a half-equilateral triangle ABC right angle at A such that
AC=4cm and <ABC=60°.
a. Draw point M the symmetric of B with respect to A.
b. Show that (CA) is the perpendicular bisector of [MB].
c. Deduce the nature of triangle CBM.

22-) From the extremities of a segment [AB], draw on opposite sides of

[AB] 2 rays [Ax) and [By) forming each an angle of 60° with [AB].
a) From the midpoint of [AB], I, draw any line that cuts [Ax) and [By)
at L and N respectively.
b) Show that AL=BN

23-) Draw triangle THE in each of the following cases:

a) ET= 63 mm , <ETH= 39° , and <HET= 48°
b) TH= 5 cm , <ETH= 45° , and <EHT= 110 °
c) <ETH= 32° , <EHT= 48° , and TH= 6 cm.

24-) Let M be a point of [Ou), the bisector of any angle <xOy. The
perpendicular drawn from M to [Ou) cuts [Ox) at A and [Oy) at B.
a) Show that ∆OMA=∆OMB
b) List the corresponding parts of these 2 congruent triangles.

25-) On the sides [Ox) and [Oy) of an angle <xOy, place the points E and
F respectively such that OE=OF.
a) The perpendicular drawn from E to [Ox) cuts [Oy) at K and the
perpendicular drawn from F to [Oy) cuts [Ox) at L.
b) Show that OK=OL.
c) Prove that <OLF=<OKE
d) Deduce that EL=FK
e) [EK] and [FL] meet at I. Show that EI=IF.
f) Prove that IL=IK.
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26-) Let ABC be a right-angled triangle at A such that AB= 7 cm and AC=
4 cm. The bisector <BAC cuts [BC] at M. Designate by I the point of [AB]
such that <AMI=<AMC.
a) Show that the 2 triangles MAC and MAI are congruent.
b) (MI) cuts (AC) at J. Prove that ∆MCJ=∆MBI.
c) Deduce the nature of triangle MBJ.

27-) Let ABC be an isosceles triangle of vertex A such that AC= 3.5 cm.
a) Find [AB].
b) The perpendiculars at A to (AB) and (AC) cut (BC) at M and N
respectively.
c) Prove that the 2 triangles ANC and ABM are congruent.
d) Deduce that BM=CN.
e) Compare the 2 triangles ABN and ACM.
f) Deduce the nature of triangle AMN.

28-) Given ABCD, a rectangle such that AB= 5 cm and BC= 2 cm. [Ax)
and [Cy) are 2 rays drawn outside the rectangle such that <BAx=<DCy=
30°. [Ax) cuts (BC) at I and [Cy) cuts (AD) at J.
a) Show that ∆ABI is congruent to ∆CDJ.
b) Deduce that the 2 segments [AJ] and [CI] are equal.

29-) Construct a triangle ABC knowing that AB= 7 cm, <BAC= 35°, and
<ABC= 45°.

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30-) ABC and DEF are 2 triangles such that <BAC=<EDF, <ABC=<DEF,
and <ACB=<DFE. Are these 2 triangles congruent? Explain.

31-) ABC and A’B’C’ are 2 triangles such that <BAC=<B’A’C’ and
<ABC=<A’B’C’. What is the condition that should be imposed on these 2
triangles so that they will be congruent?

32-) Give, in a triangle ABC, that AB=AC and <ABC=<ACB. The

bisector of >ABC cuts [AC] at I and the bisector of <ACB cuts [AB] at J.
Show that BI=CJ.

33-) Let O be the midpoint of a segment [AB]. (xy) and (uv) are the
perpendiculars to [AB] passing through A and B respectively. A line
passing through O cuts (xy) at C and (uv) at D.
a) Prove that OC=OD.
b) The perpendicular to [CD] from O cuts (xy) at E and (uv) at F. Show
that the 2 triangles OEC and OFD are congruent and find their
nature.

34-) Let ABC be any isosceles triangle of vertex A. The bisector of <BAC
cuts the base [BC] at D.
a) Prove that DB=DC.
b) Prove that <BDA=<CDA.
c) Show that <BDA= 90°.
d) Find <CDA.

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35-) 2 segments [AB] and [CD] intersect at O such that OB=OC and
OD=OA.
a) Show that the 2 triangles AOC and BOD are congruent.
b) List the homologous parts of these triangles.

36-) In any triangle ABC, we produce the median [AM] to a length MA’
such that MA’=MA.
a) Show that ∆AMB=∆A’MC.

37-) SEC is any triangle. O is the symmetric of E with respect to S, L is

the symmetric of C with respect to S, D is the midpoint of [EC], and D’ is
the midpoint of [OL].
a) Compare OL and EC.
b) Compare SD and SD’.

38-) [Ou) is the bisector of any angle <xOy. A is a point on [Ox) and B is a
point on [Oy) such that OA=OB. M is any point on [Ou).
a) Prove that the 2 triangles OAM and OBM are congruent.
b) Deduce that [Mo) is the bisector of <AMB.
c) The perpendicular drawn from M to [Ou) cuts [Ox) and [Oy) at C
and D respectively. Show that OC=OD.
d) Show that AC=BD.

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39-) ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A such that AB= 3.5 cm. [BM]
and [CN] are the medians relative to [AC] and [AB] respectively.
a) Prove that ∆AMB=∆ANC.
b) Deduce that CN=BM.
c) Deduce that <CAN=<ABM.
d) [BM] and [CN] are secant at I. Show that ∆IBC is isosceles of vertex
I.
e) Deduce that IMN is an isosceles triangle.

40-) MNP is a triangle with dimensions MN= 4 cm and MP= 6 cm. On the
bisector [Mx) of <NMP, we consider the points E and F such that
ME=MN and MF=MP.
a) Prove that NF=PE.
b) Construct ∆M’N’P’, the symmetrical of ∆MNP with respect to any
center O.
c) Show that ∆MNP=∆M’N’P’.

41-) ABC and A’B’C’ are 2 triangles of perimeter 12 cm each. Prove that
they are congruent.

42-) ABC is a triangle such that AB= 4 cm, BC= 8/AB, and AC= “n” cm.
a) Find BC and AC.
b) Deduce the nature of ∆ABC.
c) [AM] is the median relative to [BC]. We produce [AM] to a length
ME=AM.
d) Prove that BE=AC.
e) Prove that AB=CE.
f) Show that the two triangles ABC and BCE are congruent.

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43-) In a given triangle ABC, we produce the height [AH] to a length
HD=AH.
a) Show that AB=BD.
b) Show that AC=CD.
c) Show that the 2 triangles ABC and DBC are congruent.
d) Prove that (BC) is the perpendicular bisector of [AD].

44-) 2 circles, C(O) and C(O’), of centers r and r’, respectively, intersect at
V and R.
a) Prove that ∆VOI=∆ROI.
b) Deduce that [Oi) is the bisector of <VOR and that [Io) is the bisector
of <VIR.
c) What can you say about [OI] with respect to [VR]?

45-) <xOy is any given angle. We take the points A and C on [Ox) , and B
and D on [Oy) such that OA=OB and OC=OD. [BC] and [AD] intersect at
P.
a) Show that AC=BD.
b) Prove the congruency of the triangles:
 OAD and OBC
 ABD and ABC
 ADC and BDC
 PAC and PBD
c) Deduce that (PO) is the perpendicular bisector of the 2 segments
[AB] and [CD].

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46-) Given 2 congruent triangles ABC and DEF where <BAC= 115°,
<DFE= 43°, BC=EF, and AB=DE.
a) Give with justification the measure of <EDF and of <ACB.
b) Calculate <DEF.
c) Deduce <ABC.

47-) Given 2 adjacent congruent triangles ABC and ACD. Suppose that
BC= 3x-2; AD= 6-x; <CAD= 50°, <BAC= 4y-10°, <ACB= 5z, and
<ACD= 70°.
a) Write the homologous elements of the 2 triangles, knowing that
AB=CD.
b) Deduce x, y, and z, where x us a length expressed in cm, and y and z
are expressed in degrees.

48-) Given an isosceles triangle ABC of main vertex A.

Part 1: (Draw figure 1)
a) Let M be the midpoint of the base [BC].
b) Show that the 2 triangles ABM and ACM are congruent using the
S-S-S Postulate.
c) Show that the 2 triangles ABM and ACM are congruent using the
S-A-S postulate.
d) Deduce that [Am) is the bisector of the angle <BAC.
Part 2: (Draw figure 2)
e) Let [Am) be the bisector of <BAC. The point M is on [BC].
f) Show that the 2 triangles ABM and ACM are congruent using the
S-A-S and A-S-A postulates.
g) Deduce that [AM] is a median in triangle ABC.

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Part 3: (Draw figure 3)
h) Let [AM] be the height relative to the base [BC].
i) Prove that the 2 triangles ABM and ACM are congruent using the
S-A-S postulate.
j) Prove that the 2 triangles ABM and ACM are congruent using the
A-S-A postulate.
k) Deduce that (AM) is the perpendicular bisector of the base [BC].

49-) Let ABC be any triangle, and M be the midpoint of the side [AC].
Denote by D the point symmetrical to B with respect to M.
a) Construct the figure.
b) Show that ∆ABM=∆CDM.
c) Deduce that the 2 triangles ABD and CDB are congruent.
d) Prove that AB+AD=CB+CD.

50-) Given in a figure:

 [Ad) is the bisector of <BAC
 AB=AC
 <ABD=<ACD=90°
 AB= 3 cm.
 CD= 4 cm.
a) Show that the 2 triangles ABD and ACD are equal.
b) Deduce AB and BD.
c) If <ADB= 37°, calculate <DAC.
d) Find the perimeter and the area of quadrilateral ABCD.

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51-) Given AB= 6 cm. [Ax) is a ray perpendicular to [AB] at A. On the
opposite side to [Ax), [By) is a perpendicular semi-line to [AB] at B. C
and D are 2 points on [Ax) and [By) respectively such that AC=BD.
a) Draw the figure.
b) Prove that the 2 triangles ABC and ABD are congruent.
c) Let O be the midpoint of segment [AB].
d) Show that OAC and OBD ae congruent triangles.
e) Deduce that C, O, and D are collinear points.
f) Deduce that O is the midpoint of [CD].
g) Prove that CO=OD.
h) Deduce that AO=OB.
i) Compare [AO] and [OD].

52-) Given line (xy). Plot points any A, B, and C on (xy).

a) Construct a line (d) perpendicular to (xy) at any point other than
points A, B, and C.
b) Construct a line (d’) perpendicular to (xy) at B.
c) Construct a line (d’’) perpendicular to (d’).
d) Prove that (d)//(d’).
e) Show that (xy)//(d’’).

53-) Given a line (xy). Locate point A such that A is not contained on (xy)
and the distance between A and (xy) is 5 cm. Note that also given point A
in the upper semi-plane.
a) Draw from A, a line, (rs), perpendicular to (xy).
b) Draw a line, (uv), parallel to (xy)such that A is contained on that
line.
c) Prove that (uv) is perpendicular to (rs).

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54-) ABC is any triangle. Draw (Ax) perpendicular to (BC), (BY)
perpendicular to (BC), and (Cz) parallel to (Ax).
a) Prove the following:
 (Ax)//(By)
 (Cz)//(By)
 (Cz) perpendicular to (BC)
 (AB) and (Cz) are secant
 (AC) and (By) are secant.
b) Let [AM] be the median relative to [BC]. Are (AM) and (By)
secant? Justify your answer.

55-) ABC is a triangle such that AB=5 cm, BC=AC, and AC= 5 cm.
a) Deduce the nature of this triangle.
b) Draw three straight lines (d1), (d2), and (d3) that are parallel to (BC),
(AC), and (AB) respectively at A, B, and C.

56-) Draw a figure using the following identifications:

 (xy)//(uv)
 (mn) perpendicular to (xy)
 (zt) perpendicular to (pq)
 (uv) perpendicular to (ir)
 (mn)//(pq)
a) List all parallel, perpendicular, and secant pairs of the figure drawn
without listing the given ones.

57-) (xy) is a given straight line and a point A is at a distance of 3 cm.

from it.
a) Draw the straight line (uv) passing through A and parallel to (xy).
b) What is the distance between (xy) and (uv)?
c) Can you find a line (zt) parallel to (xy) and at 3 cm. from it? Justify
your answer. If yes, draw the line (zt).

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58-) Draw 2 straight lines (d1) and (d2) at a distance of 4 cm. from each
other.
a) Draw the straight line (d) equidistant from (d1) and (d2).

59-) Given 2 parallel straight lines (xy) and (uv). (zt) is perpendicular to
(xy) and (uv), and cuts them at A and B respectively. From the midpoint O
of [AB], we draw a straight line which cuts (xy) and (uv) at M and N
respectively.
a) Prove that <AMN=<BNM.
b) List the equal acute angles and the equal obtuse angles of the
obtained figure.
60-) ABCD is any rectangle.
a) Which segments are held by parallel lines? Why?
b) [AC] and [BD] intersect at O. E and F are the feet of the
perpendiculars drawn from O to [AD] and [BC] respectively.
c) Prove that the 2 straight lines (OE) and (OF) are confounded.

61-) <xOy and <yOz are 2 adjacent supplementary angles such that <xOy=
60°.
a) [Ou) and [Ov) are the bisectors of <xOy and <yOz respectively. M is
any point of [Oy). P is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from M
to [Ov).
b) Calculate <yOz and <uOv.
c) Show that (MP)//(Ou).

62-) ABC is any triangle. E is a point on (AC) such that AE=AB. The
bisector of <BAC cuts [BC] at M. (xy) is a straight line perpendicular to
(AM) at A.
a) What is (AM) with respect to ∆ABE? Justify your answer.
b) Prove that (xy)//(BE).

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63-) ABC is any triangle. (Ax) is parallel to (BC).
a) Prove that <BAC+<<ABC+<BCA= 180°.

64-) [AB] and [CD] are 2 segments intersecting at their midpoint O.

a) Prove that ∆OAC=∆OBD.
b) Deduce that (BD)//(AC).
c) Prove that (AD)//(BC).

65-) [Ou) is the bisector of an angle <xOy. B is a point on [Ox). The

parallel to [Oy) through B cuts [Ou) at N.
a) Show that triangle BON is isosceles.

66-) (xy) and (uv) are 2 parallel lines cut by a secant (zt) at A and B
respectively.
a) What do you call (zt) with respect to (xy) and (uv)? Justify your
answer.
b) Prove that <xab+<uba= 180°
c) Show that <yab+<vba= 180°
d) Show that <xAt=<zBv.

67-) ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A such that <BAC= 50°.

a) Calculate the measure of the base angles of this triangle.

68-) MNP is a triangle such that <MNP= 50° and <MPN= 70°. [Nx) is a
semi-straight line holding [NM].
a) Calculate <PMx.

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69-) ABC is a right triangle at A such that <BCA= 50°.
a) Calculate <CBA.
b) [AH] is the height relative to [BC].
c) Calculate <BAH and <CAH.

70-) (xy) and (uv) are 2 parallel straight lines and (zt) is a transversal
cutting them at A and B respectively.
a) The bisectors of <xAz and <yAz cut (uv) at C and D.
b) Prove that ∆CAD is right.
c) Prove that ∆ABC is isosceles.
d) Show that ∆ABD is isosceles.

71-) ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A. [Ax)//(BC).

a) Prove that [Ax) is the bisector of <uac.

72-) Draw a figure of the following given:

 [AD) bisector of <BAC
 <DAE= 90°
 <DAC= 86°
 <BAD= 34°
 ∆ABE, ∆DAC, and ∆CAE
a) Calculate <AEC.

73-) ABC is an equilateral triangle. M is any point of [BC]. The

perpendicular at M to (BC) cuts (AB) at N and (AC) at F.
a) Calculate the angles of the 2 triangles BMN and ANF.

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74-) ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A, and M is any point on [BC].
The perpendicular bisector of [BM] cuts [AB] at D and that of [MC] cuts
[AC] at E.
a) Prove that the triangle DMB is isosceles.
b) Prove that (MD)//(AC).
c) Similarly show that (ME)//(AB).

75-) <xOy and <mAn are 2 angles such that [Ox) and [Oy) are parallel to
[Am) and [An) respectively. [Ox) and [An) intersect at B.
a) Prove that <mab=<boy.

76-) ABC is a right triangle at A. Let [Ax) be an interior semi-straight line

of ∆ABC such that <BAx=<ABC. [Ax) cuts [BC] at M.
a) Show that ∆AMB and ∆AMC are isosceles.
b) Deduce that M is the midpoint of [BC] and BC= 2 AM.

77-) (xy) and (uv) are 2 parallel straight lines cut by a transversal (zt) at A
and B respectively. The bisector of angle <xab cuts (uv) at M and the
bisector of <ABv cuts (xy) at N.
a) Prove that (AM)//(BN).
b) Show that AM=BN.

78-) SAC is any triangle. The bisector of <ASC cuts [AC] at O. The
parallel drawn at O to (SA) cuts [SC] at N.
a) Prove that SON is an isosceles triangle.
b) The parallel drawn at N to (SO) cuts (AC) at I.
c) Shoe that [NI) is the bisector of <ONC.

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79-) [AB] and [EF] are 2 intersecting diameters of Circle C (O; 5 cm.).
a) Compare the 2 triangles OAE and OFB.
b) Deduce that (EA)//(FB).
c) Show that (AF)//(EB).

80-) MNPQ is any rectangle and I is the midpoint of [MN].

a) Deduce that MI=IN.
b) Prove that the 2 triangles QIM and PIN are congruent.
c) Let [Iu) be the bisector of <PIQ. Prove that [Iu) is perpendicular to
[MN].
d) Prove that [Iu) is parallel to (MQ).
e) Deduce that <MQI= 1/2 <QIP.

81-) ABC is any triangle. [BM] and [CN] are the medians relative to [AC]
and [AB] respectively. E and F are the symmetric of B and C respectively
with respect to M and N respectively.
a) Prove that (AE)//(BC) and that (AF)//(BC).
b) Deduce that E, A, and F are collinear.

82-) ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A. [BM] and [CN] are the
medians relative to [AC] and [AB] respectively.
a) Show that ∆AMN is isosceles.
b) Deduce that (MN)//(BC).
c) Let I be the image of N with respect to center M.
d) Show that (CI)//(AN).
e) Prove that CI=AN.
f) Prove that NI=BC.
g) Show that BC= 2 MN.

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83-) LMNO is a quadrilateral such that LM=ON= 5 cm and MN=OL= 3
cm. (LM)//(ON) AND (OL)//(MN). The parallel to (MO) at L cuts (ON) at
B and (MN) at A.
a) Compare <MON and <LBN.
b) Compare <LBN and <ALM.
c) Compare <MON and <ALM.
d) Compare ∆MON and ∆MAL.
e) Compare ∆MAL and ∆MOL.

84-) Construct triangle ABC such that BC= 4 cm, <ACB= 40°, and
<ABC= 60°.
a) Construct the semi-line [Ax) exterior to ∆ABC such that <CAx=
40°.
b) Justify why [Ax)//(BC).
c) Let D be a point on [Ax) such that AD=BC.
d) Show that ∆ABC=∆ADC.
e) Let F be a point outside of the triangle such that <BAF= 60°.
f) Is (AF)//(BC)? Why?
g) Prove that the 3 points A, F, and D are collinear.

85-) ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A. M is the midpoint of [BC]

and E is the symmetric of M with respect to B. The perpendicular at E to
(BC) cuts (AB) at F.
a) What does (AM) represent in ∆ABC?
b) Show that the 2 triangles ABM and EBF are congruent.
c) List the homologous elements of the 2 triangles ABM and EBF.
d) Show that (MF)//(AE).

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86-) ABC is a triangle such that AB= 9 cm, AC= 8 cm, and BC= 6.5 cm.
a) [Ax) is the bisector of <BAC.
b) (d) is the perpendicular drawn at A to [Ax).
c) The parallel at C to (AB) cuts (d) at E.
d) F is the image of E with respect to center A.
e) Show that <FAB=<EAC.
f) Prove that ∆AEC is isosceles.
g) The parallel to (d) at C cuts (AB) at G and [Ax) at H.
h) Prove that ∆ACG is isosceles.
i) Prove that the 2 triangles AEC and AGC are congruent.
j) Deduce that CG=AF.
k) Show that ∆AFG=∆ACG.
l) Show that (FG)//(AC).
m) M is the orthogonal projection of E on (CG).
n) N is the orthogonal projection of E on (CG).
o) Show that GM=CN.
p) Deduce that H is the midpoint of MN.

87-) MEN is any triangle. The bisector of <MEN and <MNE intersect at I.
The parallel drawn from I to (EN) cuts (ME) at A and (MN) at B.
a) Show that the 2 triangles AIE and BIN are isosceles.
b) Prove that the perimeter of ∆MAB = ME+MN.

88-) [AB] and [CD] are 2 congruent parallel segments. [AD] and [BC]
intersect at O.
a) Show that O is the midpoint of [BC] and [AD].

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89-) Given a figure consisting of the following given:
 (d1)//(d2)
 (d3)//(d4)
 (d1) and (d2) are the 2 transversals intersecting (d3) and (d4)
 (d2) intersects (d3) and (d4) at A and B respectively
a) Name the seven angles that must be congruent to <E1.
b) Name the eight angles that must be supplementary to <E3.
c) If <A2= 50°, what are the measures of all other angles? Show your
calculations.

90-) (L1) and (L2) are 2 parallel lines cut by a secant (xy).
a) What do you call (xy)?
b) Calculate all the angles formed by these 3 lines.

91-) (uv)//(st). <UAB=<DCt= 48°. (mn) and (xy) are not given parallel.
(mn) and (xy) intersect (uv) and (st).
a) Determine with justification the measure of <ABC, <ABs, and
<NAD.
b) Show that (mn)//(xy).
c) Deduce the measure of <ADC.

92-) Given a triangle ABC such that <ABC= 2x, <BAC= 5x-5, <ACB=
6x-10, <uCv=y, and <uCa=z. The semi-line [Cu) is drawn parallel to
(AB).
a) Calculate x, y, and z.
b) Deduce the measure of <A, <B, and <C.

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93-) ABC is a triangle such that <ABC= 60° and <ACB= 40°. M and N
are the midpoints of [AB] and [AC] respectively. E is the image to B about
N.
a) Show that the 2 triangles NBC and NAE are congruent.
b) Deduce that (BC)//(AE).
c) Let F be the image of E with respect to center M.
d) Show that the 2 triangles AME and BMF are congruent.
e) Prove that (BF)//(AE).
f) Using Euclid’s postulate, show that C, B, and F are collinear.
g) Verify the result of part F by calculation.

94-) Given ABC is an isosceles triangle of main vertex A. <BAC= 56°. D

is point on [AC] and E is a point such that <ADE= 59°. ADE is an
isosceles triangle of main vertex A.

a) Critique and justify the following statement: “(DE) is not parallel to

(AB).”
b) Calculate <ACB.
c) Prove that <DAE= 62°.
d) Show that (AE)//(BC).
e) (DE) and (BC) intersect at F.
f) What is the nature of ∆CFD?
g) Show that CD/DA=CF/AE.

95-) On a straight line (xy), plot points A, C, B, and D with AB=CD.

a- Show that AC=BD.
b- Let I, J, and K be the midpoints of [AC], [BC], and [BD] respectively.
c- Show that AB= 2IJ.
d- Prove that 1/2 CD= JK.
e- Show that 2IK= AD+BC.

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96-) Given <xOy= 90 degrees.
a- Let <zOx be the complement of <xOy.
b- Show that [Ox) is the bisector of <zOy.
c- Draw a semi-line [Ou) such that <yOu= 70 degrees.
d- Find the complement of <yOu.
e- Specify 2 congruent angles and 2 adjacent angles.

97-) Construct a triangle MNP such that MN=5cm, MP= 4cm and ≺ PMN = 70°.
a. Draw the altitude [MH] relative to [PN] in this triangle. Find all angles of
triangle MPH.
b. Let K be a point on [MN] such that NK = 1cm. What is the nature of triangle MPK?
Deduct the measure of angle <PKM and <MPK.

98-) Draw a half-equilateral triangle ABC right angle at A such that AC=4cm and
<ABC=60°.
a. Draw point M the symmetric of B with respect to A.
b. Show that (CA) is the perpendicular bisector of [MB].
c. Deduce the nature of triangle CBM.

99-) Given [AM) the bisector of any angle <BAC. B and C are any 2 points on the
sides of <BAC such that AB=AC. M is a point lying on [AM) such that <BMC=90°.
(6 points)
a- Show that the two triangles ABM and ACM are equal.
b- Deduce that ∆BMC is a right isosceles triangle.
c- Deduce that (AM) is the perpendicular bisector of [BC].
d- Let N be the midpoint of [BC]. Show that [MN) is the bisector of <BMC.
e- Let (C) be the circle circumscribed about triangle BMC.
f- Show that [BC] is a diameter of circle (C).

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100-)

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