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Crwt111 Finals

The document outlines critical thinking, defining it as reasonable reflective thinking aimed at determining beliefs or actions. It discusses the Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework, which includes elements of thought, intellectual standards, and traits, as well as barriers to critical thinking like egocentrism and sociocentrism. Additionally, it introduces the Toulmin Method for analyzing arguments, detailing its six major components.

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kristine craige
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23 views2 pages

Crwt111 Finals

The document outlines critical thinking, defining it as reasonable reflective thinking aimed at determining beliefs or actions. It discusses the Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework, which includes elements of thought, intellectual standards, and traits, as well as barriers to critical thinking like egocentrism and sociocentrism. Additionally, it introduces the Toulmin Method for analyzing arguments, detailing its six major components.

Uploaded by

kristine craige
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRWT111 a.

Group bias- see one’s own group as being


inherently better than others. Disregard
REVIEWER IN FINALS
“outsiders”
Nature of Critical Thinking b. Conformism- the tendency to follow the crowd-
to conform.
Critical thinking- reasonable reflective thinking that is
focused on deciding what to believe or do. Unwarranted Assumption- something we believe to be
true without any proof.
- Mode of thinking- about any subject, content,
or problem. Stereotype- a common type of unwarranted
assumption. Hasty generalization.
Critical thinker- recognizes, praises, and builds
arguments. Relativistic thinking- view that truth is a matter of
opinion.
PAUL-ELDER CRITICAL THINKING FRAMEWORK
a. Subjectivism- truth is a matter of individual
a. Reflective thinking opinion.
b. Must be done well- high standards of reasoning. b. Cultural Relativism- truth is a atter of social and
3 COMPONENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING cultural opinion.
c. Moral Relativism- there are no absolute or
a. Elements of thought- reasoning- need to universal moral values.
identify the “parts” of their thinking. - Moral subjectivism
- Purpose - Moral Cultural Relativism.
- Figure something out, to settle some question,
to solve some problem. Wishful Thinking- people fear the unknown and invent
- Based on data, information, experiences and comforting myths to render the universe less hostile
evidences. and more predictable.
- Shaped by concepts and ideas. ARGUMENTS
b. Intellectual standards- used to determine the
quality of reasoning. - Claim defended with reasons that are supported
- Clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, by evidence.
breadth, logic, significance, and fairness - Composed of one or more premises and a
c. Intellectual traits- consistent and disciplined. conclusion.
- Intellectual humility, courage, empathy,
Premises- statements in an argument offered as
integrity, perseverance, autonomy, confident in
evidence or reasons why we should accept the
reason, fairmindedness.
conclusion.
BARRIERS TO CRITICAL THINKING
Conclusion- statement in an argument that the premises
Egocentrism- tendency to see reality as centered on are intended to prove or support.
oneself.
Statement- viewed as either true or false
- Selfish, self- absorbed people.
TYPES OF NON-ARGUMENT DISCOURSE
Common Forms
a. Report
a. Self-interested thinking- accept and defend b. Unsupported assertion
beliefs that harmonize with one’s self- c. Conditional Statement
interest. d. Illustration
b. Self-serving bias- overrate one’s self. e. Explanation

Sociocentrism- group-centered thinking. Toulmin Method- model used for analyzing and
formulating arguments.
6 major components of argument:

a. Claim- assetion that author would like to prove


to their audience.
b. Grounds- the evidence and facts that help
support the claim.
c. Warrant- assumption that links the grounds to
the claim.
d. Backing- additional support of the warrant.
e. Qualifier- shows that claim may not be true in
all circumtances.
f. Rebuttal- an acknowledgemt of another valid
view of the situation.

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