ectors September 18 ,

202

1 An object has an initial velocity u. It is subjected to a constant force F for t seconds, causing a
constant acceleration a. The force is not in the same direction as the initial velocity.

A vector diagram is drawn to find the final velocityv.

X
v

What is the length of side X of the vector diagram?

A F B Ft C at D u + at

2 A vector quantity V is resolved into two perpendicular components X and Y. The angle between V
and component X is θ. V

Y
X

The angle between component X and the vector V is increased from 0° to 90°.
How do the magnitudes of X and Y change as the angle θ is increased in this way?

X Y

A increase increase
B increase decrease
C decrease increase
D decrease decrease

3. Which two vector diagrams represent forces in equilibrium?

A P and Q
B Q and R
C R and S
D S and P
4 The diagram shows a rope bridge that a student makes on an adventure training course. The
student has a weightW.

θ θ

Which formula gives the tensionT in the rope?

A T= W B T= W C T= W D T= W
2cosθ 2sinθ cosθ sinθ

5 A pictur e on a wall is supported by a wire looped over a nail.

nail

25 ° 25°

The mass of the picture is 4.2 kg.

What is the tension in the supporting wire?
A 5.0 N B 23 N C 49 N D 97 N

6 Vectors P and Q are drawn to scale.

P Q
Which diagram represents the vector (P + Q)?
A B

C D
7 A 1.2kg mass is supported by a person’shand and two newton-meters as shown.

5
4
3
2 5
1 4
0 3
2
1
37° 0
53°

weight 12N

When the person’s hand is removed, what is the initial vertical acceleration of the mass?

A 0.6 m s–2 B 2 m s–2 C 4 m s–2 D 6m s–2

8 . An archer draws his bowstring back to position X. The bowstring and arrow are shown.
The tension T in the string is also shown. Then he draws the bowstring back further to position
Y.

T = 100N T = 120N

65° 55°
X Y
65° 55°

T = 100N T = 120N

The resultant force on the arrow is greater when the arrow is released from position Y.

What is the increase in force?

A 15 N B 27N C 40N D 53 N

9 Three wires each exert a horizontal force on a vertical pole, as shown.

Which vector diagram shows the resultant force R acting on the pole?
A B C D

R R
R
R
 10 An aeroplane can fly at a velocity X when moving through still air. When flying in wind the
aeroplane’s velocity relative to the ground is Y.
Which vector diagram shows the magnitude and direction of the wind velocity W ?

A B C D

Y Y
W
Y

X W W
X

Y X X
W

11 A particle has velocity V at an angle θ to the horizontal.

The components of the particle’s velocity are Vv upwards in the vertical direction and Vh to the
right in the horizontal direction, as shown.

V
Vv

θ
Vh

What are expressions for the magnitude of V and for the angle θ ?

magnitude of V θ
V 
A (Vv2 + Vh2 ) tan–1  h 
V v 

V 
B (Vv2 + Vh2 ) tan–1  v 
 Vh 

V 
C (Vv 2 − Vh2) tan–1  h 
V v 

V 
D (Vv 2 − Vh2) tan–1  v 
 Vh 
12 Two cables are attached to a bracket and exert forces as shown.

bracket 15.0 N
20.0°
horizontal

6.00 N

40.0°

vertical

What are the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant of the two
forces?

horizontal vertical
component / N component / N

A 9.73 0.534
B 9.73 10.2
C 18.0 0.534
D 18.0 10.2

13 Two tugs are towing an oil rig as shown.

tug

4.0 kN

20°

oil rig east

50°

5.0 kN

tug

The tensions in the towing cables are 4.0 kN and 5.0 kN.

What is the total force acting on the rig due to the cables, in the direction to the east?

A 3.1 kN B 5.2 kN C 7.0 kN D 7.3 kN

14 The diagram shows two vectors X and Y, drawn to scale.

Y
X

If X = Y – Z, which diagram best represents the vector Z?

A B C D

15 P and R are coplanar vectors.

If X = P – R, which diagram best represents vector X?

A B

R
X R
X

P
P

C D

P P

X X
R R
16 A force of 10 N and a force of 5 N act on an object.

10 N

150°
5N

object

The angle between the forces is 150.

The resultant force on the object can be resolved into a pair of perpendicular components.

Which row shows numerical expressions for a possible pair of perpendicular components?

force component / N force component / N

A 10 cos 30 – 5 10 cos 30

B 10 sin 30 – 5 10 cos 30
C 10 – 5 cos 30 5 sin 30
D 10 – 5 sin 30 5 cos 30

17 An object is acted upon by two forces, 10 N in the vertical direction and 6 N at 40 to the vertical,
as shown.

10 N

40! 6N

What is the resultant force acting on the object?

A B C D

15 N 15 N

15! 18!
7.7 N
6.6 N
37! 36!
18 The diagram shows two of hanging the same picture.

In both cases, a string is attached to the same points on the picture and looped symmetrically over
a nail in a wall. The forces shown are those that act on the nail.

In diagram 1, the string loop is shorter than in diagram 2. Which information about the magnitudes
of forces is correct?

A R1 = R 2 T1 = T2 B R1 = R 2 T1 > T2
C R1 > R2 T1 < T2 D R1 < R2 T1 = T 2

19 An aircraft heads in a direction at an angle  east of north with a horizontal velocity relative to the
air of 800 km h–1. The wind blows with a horizontal velocity of 200 km h–1 from east to west, as
shown.
N

NOT TO direction of resultant

SCALE velocity of aircraft
aircraft velocity relative
to air = 800 km h–1

wind velocity = 200 km h–1 !

W E

The resultant velocity of the aircraft is in a direction due north.

What is angle  and what is the magnitude of the resultant velocity?

resultant
/
velocity / km h–1

A 14 770
B 14 820
C 76 770
D 76 820
20 An object is suspended by two ropes. One rope has a tension of 410 N at an angle of 60 to the
horizontal. The other rope has a tension of 210 N at an angle of 10 to the horizontal.

410 N
ropes

60! 210 N
10!

object

The object is in equilibrium.

What is the mass of the object?

A 40 kg B 42 kg C 390 kg D 410 kg
 -restions
from Paper 2
1. Two forces of magnitude 6.0 N and 8.0 N act at a point P. Both forces act away from
point P and the angle between them is 40°.
Fig. 1.1 shows two lines at an angle of 40° to one another.

P 40 °

Fig. 1.1

On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant of the
two forces.

2 Two strings support a load of weight 7.5 N, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

T1

T2

&

50° 40° horizontal

7.5 N

Fig. 1.2

One string has a tension T 1 and is at an angle 50° to the horizontal. The other string has
a tension T 2 and is at an angle 40° to the horizontal. The object is in equilibrium.
Determine the values of T 1 and T 2 by using a vector triangle or by resolving forces.
3 A b lock of wood of weight 25 N is held stationary on a slope by means of a string, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.
string
T

R
35°
slope

25 N

Fig. 1.1

The tension in the string is T and the slope pushes on the block with a force R that is
normal to the slope.
Either by scale drawing on Fig. 1.1 or by calculation, determine the tension T in the
string.

4. A rope is attached to a sledge and a boy uses the rope to pull the sledge along a horizontal surface
with a constant velocity. The tension in the rope is 100 N and the rope is held at 30 the horizontal.

How much work does the boy do on the sledge when he pulls it distance of 5.0 m along the surface?

5. An object of weight 120 N is supported in equilibrium by two strings as shown.

Calculate tensions , and

What
- is the tension T 1 in the left hand string?
T

-
&

'
20
a
- C 11 B

I
.

C 12 .
C
C . C
15
B 14.
C 15 .
>
-

6
.- . C
16
7
. D 17 D.

18 B
B
8
. .

9 19
-
10
. C 20
. -

~ 1 .
13 21
.
. 2

~ .
2
. T = 5 73.

Tz = 4 81.

13
. 1 = 14 3 .

2 .
4. = 433

15 . T = 113

12 = 41N