No: Vernier Callipers Volume of aCuboid

Date:

OBJECT7VE: To measure the dimcnsions of a givcn regular body of known mass using a
vemicr callipers and hence find its density.
APPARATUS: Vernicr callipers, asmall rectangular metallic block of known mass.
THEORY:

() For measuring dimcnsions. Same as in Experiment 1.

(i) For volume

Volume of rectangular block = Length x Breadth x Thickness (height)

ie. V=lbt.

Mass
Density = Volume

m
ie.

PROCEDURE: (Stepwise)
1. Proceed in similar manner as in steps 1to Sin Experiment 1.
2. Repeat above steps for the other edge of same face of samne dimension.

3. Repeat above steps for othcr face of same dimension.

4. Repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 above for both cdges of both faces of other dimensions.
5, Record your observations in tabular form.

6. Make calculations for each dimensions applying zero correcçon.

7. Take mean of different values of same dimension.
8. Multiply the three main dimensions to obtain volume of the block.
9. Calculate the density of the block material by dividing its known mass by obtaned volume.
RESULT
The diemeter ef tho giensphere =
Caboid
Volume of the spRE ... m

PRECAUTIONS (to be taken)

1. Motion of vernier scale on main scale should be made smooth (by oiling if necessary)
2 Vemicr constant and zero eror should be carefully found and properly recorded.
3. The body should be gripped between the jaws firmly but gently (without undue pressure
on it from the jaws)
at least as three
4. Observations should be taken at right angles at one place and taken
different places.
 S.
DIAGRAM;

Man 8oale
M
luluululaunkaululydkud

Rectangular block
Vernier callipers - Mcasuring dimensions of a rectangular metallic block.

Thiconess

B r e s d t h

Longth

Rectangular metallic block.

OBSERVATIONS:
Known mass of the block, mnfige
inkg
The L.C. = Value of one main scale division
Total no. of divisions on the vernier scale
 MSR
Dimension VSID VSR = LC x VSD

TR=MSR+VS
cim
cm

length () 5.] 8
S.7 cm
5)
9
6-19 S.18 Cm
breadth (b) 4.2 42)
. 2 3 4.22 Cn
3.g A"23
thickness () 2
52
3.5 3.57 C

Mean length ()
S.13..
38I2
cm

Mean breadth (b) .A.22 .Cm

Mean thickness ()
2.6.cm
2
m

Volume
-2 2 2.

5.18xI0x422xiD3sAr0
6
78-03xi6 m
078 Xlo m
mass
density volume
No:
Screw Gauge - Volume of a Wire
Date:

OBJECTIVE: To mcasure diameter of agiven wire using a screw gauge and find its olune.
APPARATUS: Screw gauge, wire, half metre scale.
PRINCIPLE:Least count of thescrcw gauge is given be
LC. = pitch distance moved by the screw
No, of divisions on the circular scale Pitch =
No. of full rotations given
Where pitch is he distance moved by the circular scale on the pilch scale when it is given one
complete rotation. This isalso cqual to the value of one division on the pitch scale.
Diarneter of the wire is given by
d= pitch scale reading + (Circular scale reading x LC) ±Zero corection.
Area of cross sccuon where r= d/
V, Volune of the wire where l is the length
PROCEDURE:(Stepwise)
1. Find the value of one linear scale division (L.S.D.).
2. Determine the pitch and the least count of the screw gauge and record it stepwise.
3. Bring the plane face B incontact with plane face Aand find the zero error. Do it three
times and record them. If there is no zero eror, then record 'zero error nil'.
4. Move the face B away from face A. Place the wire lengthwise over face Aand move the
face Btowards face Ausing the ratchet head R. Stop when Rturns (slips) without moving
the screW.
5. Note the number of divisions of the linear scale visible and uncovered by the edge of the
cap. The reading (N) is called lincar scale reading (L.S.R.)
6. Note the number (n) of the division of the circular scale lying over reference line.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6after rotating the wire by 90° for measuring diameter in aperpendicular
direction,

8. Repeat steps 4, 5, 6 and 7 for five different positions separated equally throughout the
tabular form.
length of the wire. Record the observations in cach set in a
9. Find total reading and apply zero correction in each case.
10. Measure the length of the wire by stretching it along a half metre scale. Keeping one end
of wire at a known mark, note the position of other end. Difference in position of he two
cnds of the wire gives the length of the wire. Do it three times and record them.

17
RESULT
The volume of thc given wire is .... m'.

PRECAUTIONS (to be taken)

be rotated by ratchet R and not by cap
1. To avoid unduc pressurc; thescrew should always
K.
2. The screw should move frecly without friction.
noted very carefully and added
3. The zero correction, with proper sign should be
algebraically. direction to avoid
For same set of observations, the screw should be moved in the same
4.
back-lash error of the screw.
perpendicular directions
wire should be measured in two
5. Ateach place, the diameter of the taken.
and theen the mean of the two be
atleast for five different places equally spaced along the whole
6. Readings should be taken
length of the wire.
should be avoided.
7. Eror due to parallax
 L·S
DIAGRAM:

We

Screw gauge -Measuring diameter (thickness) of the wire.

OBSERVATIONS:
Table for the Measurement of the Diameter of the given wire
Pitch Scale Circular Scale Observed Caroced Dinder
SL. Circular
No.
Reading Scale Division Reading Diameter d=dtzero
PSR CSR =(LCx CSD) PSR +CSR =d correction
CSD

1. O-6lx3
13
2.

3
14 04 079
11 o77

80
S.
73 o73

74 19

6
OS016 m
o80/6x (6m
Volunu y he wae

2
-3
&.14X Ofo/6 x(
2
-

Þ.14 X(o.4008Xio 2
2
x to xIom
5.04 XIO
 Ls
distance movcd by the screw
Pitch =
No,of fullrotations given

Pitch
L.C, = L00
No.of divisions on the circular scale

Zero eTor ( -5

Zero correction