National education Society®

Jawaharlal Nehru New College of Engineering, Shivamogga.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Electric Motors Lab

(BEEL404)
Name of the Student:

USN:

Laboratory Course Manual for IV Semester BE (EEE)

(CBCS - 22 Scheme)
VTU-Belagavi

Prepared by
Dr.H.B.Suresh N.G.Ajjanna Vidyashankar.M
Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
 Electric Motors Lab (BEEL404)

BE Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)

Chaise Based Credit System
Semester- IV
Electric Motors Lab (BEEL404)
List of Experiments

Sl. Page
Name of the experiment
No No
Load test on DC Shunt Motor to draw Speed-Torque and
1 3-9
Horse power and Efficiency Characteristics.
2 Fields Test on DC Series Machines 10-17
Speed Control of a D.C Shunt Motor by Armature control and
3 18-21
field control.
4 Swinburne's Test on DC Motor 22-24
5 Retardation Test on D.C. Shunt Motor 25-27
6 Regenerative Test on DC Shunt Machine 28-32
7 Load test on 3 Phase induction Motor 33-36
No Load and Blocked rotor test on 3 Phase induction Motor to
draw (i) Equivalent Circuit and (ii) Circle diagram. Determine
8 37-42
the performance parameters at different Load conditions from
(I)&(ii).
9 Load test on Induction Generator 43-46
Load test on 1 Phase induction Motor to draw output power
10 47-52
verses torque, current, power and efficiency characteristics
Conduct a suitable experiment to draw the equivalent Circuit
11 of 1 phase induction Motor and determine performance 53-56
parameters
Conduct an experiment to draw V and inverted V curves of
12 57-60
synchronous Motor at no Load and Load conditions

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru New College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 2
 Electric Motors Lab (BEEL404)

Experiment No.1
Load Test on DC Shunt Motor to draw Speed-Torque and Horse Power - Efficiency
Characteristics.
Aim: To draw the performance characteristics of the given DC shunt Motor by direct Loading.

Objectives:
1. To determine the efficiency of the given DC shunt Motor by conducting Load test.
2. To find the various parameters such as torque, input power, output power etc.
3. To obtain the electrical and mechanical characteristics for the given DC shunt Motor.

Apparatus Required:

Sl. QUANTITY
NAME RANGE TYPE
No In
No Machine Ratings

1 Voltmeter 0 - 300V MC 1 Excitation

2 Ammeter
0 – 10/20 A MC 1 Voltage
3 Rheostat
118 Ω & 32 Ω Variable 1 Current

4 Tachometer 0 to 2000 rpm Contact 1 Speed(RPM)

Connecting ***** ***** Required
5
Wires

THEORY:

Figure 1.1Circuit diagram of D.C shunt Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru New College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 3
 Electric Motors Lab (BEEL404)

Procedure:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. The supply is given by closing DPST switch.
3. The Motor is started by keeping Armature Rheostat in cut in position, Field Rheostat in cut out
position and drum belt is kept loose.
4. The Motor is brought to its rated speed by first cutting out (32 Ω) Armature Rheostat and then if
necessary by Cutting in Field Rheostat (118 Ω)
5. The No Load readings are tabulated.
6. The Load is applied in steps and note down all the meter readings, spring balance readings & speed for
various Load currents.
7. The above procedure is repeated till Motor draws its rated current
8. Performance characteristics are drawn from the tabulated readings & calculated values.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru New College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 4
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga.

Tabulation
Input to Output of
Motor Torque Motor %η=
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
Motor voltage Speed N S1 S2 Motor 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 Output in
Sl. No Current T=(S1 -S2)×r×9.81 2𝛑NT
V in rpm In Kg In Kg V×I ×100 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
I N-m 60 HP=
Watts Watts 735.5

Electrical Machines Lab-2

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 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Calculations:
The circumference of the break drum is measured using thread and scale.
Circumference of break drum, C = 2 π r = 100 Cm.
−2
Radius of break drum, r = 𝐶 ×100×10 = 0.16m
2π 2𝜋

Input to Motor = VI= …………… =............ Watts

Output of Motor = 2 π N T = ……….…… = ........... Watts

60

Torque T= (S1~S2) ×r×9.81=…………… = ...............N-m

Efficiency of Motor (%η) =output×100= …………… =............. %
input

Output of Motor in HP = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 w𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 = ………… …..= ........... HP

735.5

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 6
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 7
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 8
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Expected Result: The performance characteristics of D C Shunt Motor are to be plotted

RESULT:

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 9
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 2
Fields Test on DC Series Machines
Aim: Determination of the efficiency of DC Machine by Field’s method.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficiency of the given DC Shunt Motor by conducting Load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
NAME RANGE TYPE QUANTITY
No
01 Voltmeter 0 - 300V, 0 -30V MC 1
02 Ammeter
0 – 10/20 A, 0 – 1/2 A MC 1
03 Rheostat
28 Ω Variable 1

04 Tachometer 0 – 2000 rpm Contact 1

Connecting
05 ***** ***** Required
Wires

Machine Ratings
Excitation: Generator Excitation: Motor
Voltage Voltage
Current Current
Speed(RPM) Speed(RPM)

THEORY:
Circuit Diagram:

Figure 2.1 DC Series Motor and DC series Generator

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 10
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Initially the Load switch is kept closed. There should be sufficient Load on the
Generator. Rheostat connected on Motor side should be kept in cut-in position.
3. Close the supply switch and bring the Motor to its rated speed by varying the
rheostat.
4. Adjust the Load such that the voltage across the armature should be of its rated
value and speed of the set is within the permissible limit.
5. Note down all the meter readings along with speed.
6. Apply Load in steps and note down all meter readings. If possible maintain voltage
across the Motor constant.
7. Measure the Armature and Field winding Resistances of Motor and Generator.

Circuit Diagram for measuring winding resistance:

Figure 2.2 Measuring winding resistanceCircuit.

PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING WINDING RESISTANCE:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Initially rheostat is set at maximum resistance position.
3. Switch ON the supply, and vary the rheostat gradually and note down the readings of ammeter and
voltmeter
4. For the corresponding values, average of R is taken.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 11
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga.

Output
V2 Generat Generat
V1 I1 Va I2 N Input to of Motor Torque Generator
Sl. in or input or
In in in In In Motor Motor %η in Efficiency
No Volt In output
Volts Amps Volts Amps rpm in Watts In Nm %η
s Watts in Watts
Watts

Electrical Machines Lab-2

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 Electrical Machines Lab-2

To find Armature/Field Resistance of M/G:

Sl. Ram = 𝑉= Ω Sl. R fm = 𝑉= Ω

I(A) V (Volts) I(A) V (Volts)
No 𝐼 No 𝐼

Armature Resistance of Motor: Field Resistance of Motor:

Sl. Rag = 𝑉= Ω Sl. R fg = 𝑉= Ω

I(A) V (Volts) I(A) V (Volts)
No 𝐼 No 𝐼

Armature Resistance of Generator: Armature Resistance of Generator:

Calculations:

Torque T= 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 ×60=… ............. Nm

2𝜋𝑁

Power input to whole set= V1×I1= .................. Watts

Generator output= V2×I2= .................. Watts
Total losses on the whole set (Wt)= (V1×I1) –(V2×I2) =................... Watts
Armature and field copper losses (Wc) = I12(Ram+Rfm+Rfg)+I22Rag=.................... Watts
Rotational losses, stray losses = Wt - Wc=................... Watts
Stray losses per Machine (W )=𝖶t − 𝖶c = .................. Watts
s 2

Motor Generator
Input = VaI1 =………Watts Output = V2×I2= .................. Watts

Motor losses = Field copper losses = I12Rfg= ................ Watts

I12(Ram+Rfm)+Ws=………Watts
Armature copper losses I22Rag=… ........ Watts
Efficiency of Motor
Stray losses (W ) )=𝖶t − 𝖶c = .................. Watts
s 2
(%𝜼)=𝑜/𝑝 × 100=𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡−𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 100=……….%
𝑖/𝑝 𝑖/𝑝
Total losses= I12Rfg+ I 22Rag+Ws= ......... Watts

Efficiency of Generator
(%𝜼)=𝑜/𝑝 × 100=
𝑖/𝑝
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 × 100= .………%
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡+𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 13
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Figure 2.3 Ideal Graphs

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 14
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

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 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 16
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Expected Result: Efficiency of Motor and Generator is to be determined by Field test and characteristics
are to be drawn.

RESULT:
Signature of the Staff in-charge
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 17
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 3
Speed Control of a D.C Shunt Motor by Armature control and field control.
Aim: To obtain the speed characteristics of a D.C shunt Motor as a function of armature Voltage,
field current.

Apparatus:

Quantity
Sl. Machine Ratings
Name Range Type In
No
No
1 Voltmeter 0-300V MC 2 Excitation
2 Ammeter 0-1/2A MC 1
Voltage
0-118Ω &
3 Rheostat Variable 1
0-32 Ω Current
4 Tachometer 0 – 2000 rpm Contact 1
Speed(RPM)
Connecting ***** ***** Required
5
Wires

Circuit diagram:

Figure 3.1 DC Shunt Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 18
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Procedure:
 Armature Voltage Control Method:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Keep the Armature Resistance in Cut in position and Field Rheostat in cut-out position.
3. Supply switch is closed.
4. In this case the field current If kept constant at a particular value say 0.8 Amps by varying Field
Rheostat.
5. Increase the voltage gradually to its rated voltage i.e. 220V by varying armature resistance.
6. Gradually decrease the voltage by varying armature resistance and note down the speed at
different supply voltages.
7. The above procedure is repeated for two more values of the field current (say 0.6 & 0.7 A).

 Field Control or Flux Control Method:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Keep the Armature Resistance in Cut in position and Field Rheostat in cut-out position.
3. Supply switch is closed.
4. In this method voltage across the armature is kept constant say 160V by varying Armature
Rheostat
5. Now field current (If) is varied in steps by varying Field Rheostat and record the speed at
various field currents.
6. Run the Machine beyond the ratedspeed.

Observations:
Voltage Control Method:
Field current (If) =0.8 A Field current (If) = 0.7 A

Applied
Speed N in Applied Voltage Speed N in
Sl.No Voltage Va Sl.No
Rpm in Volts Rpm
in Volts

Flux Control Method:

Va= 160 V. Va= 150 V.

Field
Speed N in Field current(If) Speed N in
Sl.No current(If) Sl.No
Rpm (amp) Rpm
(amp)

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 19
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Figure 3.2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 20
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Expected Result: The graphs are to be plotted according to ideal graphs.

Result:
Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 21
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 4
Swinburne's Test on DC Motor
Aim: To perform no Load test on DC Shunt Motor

Apparatus Required:

Quantity
Sl.
Name Range Type In
No
No
0-300V 2
1 Voltmeter MC
0-30V 1
0-1/2A 1
2 Ammeter MC
0-10A 1
0-118Ω & 1
3 Rheostat Variable
0-32 Ω 1
4 Tachometer 0 – 2000 rpm Contact 1

5 Connecting Wires ***** ***** Required

Machine Ratings

Excitation

Voltage

Current

Speed(RPM)

Circuit diagram:

Figure 4.1 DC Shunt Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 22
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Procedure:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. The supply is given by closing DPST switch.
3. The Motor is started by keeping Armature Rheostat in cut in position and Field Rheostat in cut out
position
4. The Motor is brought to rated speed by first cutting out (32 Ω) Armature Rheostat and then if
necessary by Cutting in Field Rheostat (118 Ω)
5. The no Load readings are Tabulated.

Tabular Column:

Sl Motor Voltage ( Vm) Motor current( Imo) Motor field current( If)
No.

Figure 4.2 Circuit diagram to measure Armature Resistance (Ra)

Procedure to measure to measure Armature of DC Motor:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Now close the DC Supply switch and low voltage is applied by varying 32 Ω Rheostat, note down the
readings of all meters.
3. An armature and field resistance of DC Motor is to be calculated.

To find Armature Resistance of Motor:

Sl. R = 𝑉= Ω
I(A) V (Volts) am
No 𝐼

Armature Resistance of Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 23
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Calculations: (a): When running as a Motor:

No Load input = Vm Imo = ------------------ = ------------- Watts
No Load armature copper losses = Iao2R a= ------------------ = ------------- Watts
Constant Loss (Wc) = No Load input-no Load armature copper loss
Wc = (Vm Imo)-( Iao 2Ra)= = Watts

To find efficiency of Machine when running as Motor at full Load:

Full Load input = Vm Ifl = -------------------------------- = ---------- Watts
Output = input- losses
Ia=Ifl- If
Output = Vm× Ifl- [Wc- Ia2Ra ] = -------------------------------- = ---------- Watts

%𝜼 = 𝑜/𝑝 × 100 = = %
𝑖/𝑝

Repeat the procedure to Predetermine efficiency at 3/4th, 1/2th, 1/4thof full Load

To find efficiency of Machine when running as Generator at full Load:

Output = VL× IFL

Full Load input = Output+Losses= VL× IFL +[ Wc + ( IFL+ IF)2Ra] = --------------------------- = ---------
Watts
Output = input- losses

%𝜼 = 𝑜/𝑝 × 100 = ……….%

𝑖/𝑝

Repeat the procedure to Predetermine efficiency at 𝑥 = 3/4th, 1/2th, 1/4thof full Load
Expected Result: Predetermination of efficiency of a DC Shunt Motor is to be calculated and tabulated.

Result:

Loadings %𝜼 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 %𝜼 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

(%𝑥)
1
1/2
3/4
1/4

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 24
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 5
Retardation Test on D.C. Shunt Motor
Aim: To determine the Moment of inertia and Stray losses of the shunt wound DC Machine.
OBJECTIVES: Obtain the Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics for the given DC shunt Motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl.
NAME RANGE TYPE QUANTITY Machine Ratings
No

01 Voltmeter 0 - 300V MC 1 Excitation

0 – 10/20A 2
02 Ammeter MC Voltage
0-1/2A 1
03 Rheostat 118 Ω , 32 Ω
Variable 1 Current
& 100 Ω
DPDT
04 Switch Knife 1 Speed(RPM)
0 – 2000
05 Tachometer Contact 1
rpm
Connecting ***** ***** Required
06
Wires

THEORY

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 5.1 D.C. Shunt Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 25
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Procedure:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Initially all the Rheostats are kept at their respective positions & both the switches (S1& DPDT)
are kept open.
3. Now close S1 and DPDT towards A-side.
4. Bring Motor to rated speed by varying Armature Rheostat and if necessary by varying Field
Rheostat.
5. Note down all meter readings.
6. Now open the DPDT switch by simultaneously switching ON the stop watch.
7. Note down the time T1 taken to retard the speed of the Machine from rated speed to any suitable
speed (say 1500 – 1000 rpm) this is the run-down of the Machine with excitation.
8. Now bring the Rheostats to their original position and close DPDT towards A side. Bring Motor to
rated speed by varying Armature Rheostat and if necessary by varying Field Rheostat.
9. Throw the DPDT switch to B-Side by simultaneously switching on the stop watch. Note down
reading of ammeter voltmeter at 1500rpm & at 1000rpm also note down the time T2 taken to retard
the speed of the Machine from rated speed to any suitable speed (say 1500 – 1000 rmp) this is the
run-down of the Machine with excitation.
10. Bring the Rheostats to their original position and close DPDT towards A side. Bring Motor to rated
speed by varying Armature Rheostat and if necessary by varying Field Rheostat.
11. Now switch off the supply mains S1 and open the DPDT. Note down the time taken T3 to retard its
speed from 1500 – 1000 rpm. This is the run-down without excitation.

Note:

 Maintain constant field current at all the three readings also it should be noted that when armature
slow down with no excitation its kinetic energy is used to overcome mechanical losses only because
due to the absence of flux there is no iron loss.
With excitation, kinetic energy is used to supply mechanical and iron losses known as stray losses.
If moment of inertia I is taken in Kg-m2 then rate of loss of energy is in Watts.

Sl.
Conditions Speed in rpm Time in sec V in Volts I in Amps
No
V1= I1=
1500
1 With Excitation T1 V2= I2=
1000
Vavg= Iavg=
V1= I1=
1500
2 With Excitation and Load T2 V2= I2=
1000
Vavg= Iavg=

V1= I1=
1500
3 Without Excitation T3 V2= I2=
1000
Vavg= Iavg=

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 26
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Calculation:

 Time T1 is taken when full excitation.

 Time T2 is taken when full excitation with Load.
 Time T3 is taken with No excitation.
We have to calculate
 Moment of inertia of armature in Kg – m2.
 Iron loss.
 Mechanical loss at a mean speed.

Average speed = 1500+1000 = 1250 𝑟𝑝𝑚

2
2𝜋
Mechanical loss Wm =( )2 𝐼𝑁 𝑑𝑁 = -------------------------------- = ---------
60 𝑑𝑡

Where dN = Speed drop from 1500 to 1000 rpm = 500 rpm.

dt= T3= --------seconds
N= average speed=1250 rpm
I= moment of inertia.
2𝜋 𝑑𝑁
Stray loss Ws =( )2 𝐼𝑁 = =
60 𝑑𝑡

Where dt= T2= Sec

N= average speed=Rpm
dN = Speed drop=in Rpm
I= moment of inertia.
𝑇2
Also Ws= W′{ }= = Watts
𝑇1−𝑇2

Where
W′ = VI Watts.
V= Load voltage.
I= Load current.

Iron loss (Wi)= Ws - Wm= = Watts

Expected Result:
Moment of inertia, stray loss, iron loss and mechanical loss of dc shunt Machine is to be determined.

Result:

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 27
 Electrical Machines Lab-2
Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 28
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 6
Regenerative Test on DC Shunt Machine (Hopkinson’s test)
Aim: To conduct full Load test on two Identical DC shunt Machines and draw the Performance characteristics
of the same Machine.

OBJECTIVE:
1. To determine the stray losses of the Machines.
2. To obtain efficiency curves for the Motor and Generator and draw the curves.

Apparatus Required:

QUANTITY
Sl. APPARATUS
RANGE TYPE In
No NAME
No

0 - 300V
01 Voltmeter MC 1
0-30V
0 – 10/20 A 2
02 Ammeter 0-1/2A MC 1
03 Rheostat 118 Ω , 32 Ω ,
100 Ω & 750 Ω Variable 1
04 SPDT Switch Knife 1
05 Tachometer 0 – 2000 rpm Contact 1
06 Connecting Wires ***** ***** Required
Machine Ratings
Excitation: Generator Excitation: Motor
Voltage Voltage
Current Current
Speed(RPM) Speed(RPM)

Circuit diagram:

Figure 6.1D.C. Shunt Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 29
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PRECAUTION
1. The Field Rheostat of the Machine marked M should be kept at minimum position at the time of starting.
2. The Field Rheostat of the Machine marked G should be kept at maximum position at the time of starting.
3. SPST switch should be open at the time of starting.

PROCEDURE:

1. The Circuit Connections is made as per the Circuit diagram shown in the figure.
2. Initially all the Rheostats are kept in their respective positions and SPST switch is kept open.
3. Bring the Motor its rated speed and note down all meter readings.
4. Now the 750Ω rheostat is cutting out gradually such that the voltmeter connected across SPST
switch reads zero and note down all the meter readings with speed.
5. Now Generator and Motor are at same potential.
6. Now close SPST switch and over excite the Generator by cutting out 750Ω rheostat and note
down all meter readings.
7. Under excite the Motor field by cutting in 118Ω rheostat and note down all meter readings.

Tabular column:

SL Vm Im Ifm Ifg Iag N

No in in in in in in
Volts Amps Amps Amps Amps rpm

1 Without developing E.M.F of

Generator
2 When both Machines are at same
potential
3 Loading condition
4 X=1
X=0.75
5 X=0.5
X=0.25
6
7
8

Figure 6.2 Circuit diagram to find Armature Resistance

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 30
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Procedure to measure to measure Armature/Field Resistance of Machine:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Now close the DC Supply switch and low voltage is applied by varying 32 Ω Rheostat, note down the
readings of all meters.
3. Armature and field resistances of DC Machines are to be calculated.

To find Armature/Field Resistance of Machine

Sl. Ram = 𝑉= Ω Sl. R fm = 𝑉= Ω

I(A) V (Volts) I(A) V (Volts)
No 𝐼 No 𝐼

Armature Resistance of Motor: Field Resistance of Motor:

Sl. Rag = 𝑉= Ω Sl. R fg = 𝑉= Ω
I(A) V (Volts) I(A) V (Volts)
No 𝐼 No 𝐼

Armature Resistance of Generator: Armature Resistance of Generator:

Calculations:
Supply voltage = Vm = --------- Volts
Motor input = Vm( I1+I2)= --------- Watts
Where I1 = ( Ia+Ifg) = .............. A
I2 = ( Im+Ifg) =.............. A
Generator output = Vm×I1…Watts
Let
Ram = Armature Resistance of Motor in Ω
Rag= Armature Resistance of Generator in Ω
Rfm= Field Resistance of Motor in Ω
Rfg= Armature Resistance of Generator in Ω
Generator armature copper loss= Ia2Rag= ------------- Watts
Motor armature copper losses = (I1+I2)2 Ram= ---- ------- Watts
Shunt field copper loss of Motor=Ifm2Rfm= ------------- Watts
Shunt field copper loss of Generator= Ifg2Rfg= ------------- Watts

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 31
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Stray losses of both the Machines=Total power drawn by the supply- copper losses of both
Machines
W=VmIm-[Ia2Rag+ (I1+I22)Ram+ Ifg2Rfg+ I fm2Rfm]= ------------------- Watts
Since both Machines are identical stray losses are equally divided.
∴ stray losses of each Machine = 𝖶 =.......... Watts
2

For Generator

Total losses in Generator = Wg= Ia2Rag+ Ifg2R fg+𝖶=---------- Watts

2

Output of Generator= Vm I1= ……W

(%𝜼 )= 𝑜/𝑝 × 100 = ……….%

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡+𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

For Motor
Input to Motor = Vm× (I1+I2)= ………Watts
Total losses in Motor = Wm= (I +I )2 Rag+ I 2R +𝖶= --------- Watts
1 2 fm fm
2

%𝜼 =𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡−𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 × 100 = ……….%

𝑖/𝑝

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 32
 ElectricalFigure
Machines
6.3 Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 33
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Expected Result: Efficiency of Motor and Generator at various Loads are to be determined.

Result:
Loadings (%𝑥) %𝜼 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 %𝜼 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
1
1/2
3/4
1/4

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 34
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 7
Load test on 3 Phase induction Motor
Aim: To obtain the performance characteristics of an induction Generator by conducting Load test on
it.

Apparatus Required:

Sl. QUANTITY
NAME RANGE TYPE Machine Ratings
No In
No
0 - 600V MI 1 Power rating
Voltmeter
01
0-300V MC 2 Voltage
02 0 – 10/20 A MI 2 Current
Ammeter
0 – 10/20 A MC 1 Speed(RPM)
03 Rheostat 750 Ω Variable 1 Frequency
SPDT
04 Switch Knife 1 PF
Connecting wires as per
05. Tachometer 0 – 2000 rpm Contact 1
requirement

Theory
Circuit Diagram:

Figure 7.13-PhaseInduction Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 35
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PROCEDUCE:
 Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
 Initially Load switch is kept open, filed rheostat is kept in cut in position and auto transformer
knob is in Zero position.
 Now the AC supply switch is closed, the induction Motor is brought to its rated speed by
gradually applying voltage using Auto transformer.
 Build up the Generator voltage by cutting out of 750 ohm rheostat and note down the no Load
readings.
 Now close the Load switch the Motor is Loaded in steps at each step the voltage of Generator
is maintained constant, at each step note down all meter readings along with speed.
 Above procedure is repeated till the Motor draws its rated current.

Note:
 If one of the wattmeter kicks back, then connection of C & V is interchanged the reading
is taken as negative.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 36
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga.

Output
Input Output
I1 I2 I=I1+ I2 W1 W2 IL Speed of Torque
VL to of
Sl. V1 in in in in In In current N Motor T
No Volts A A Amps Watt Watt
in
In In
induction DC
=inputto
%𝜼 Cosɸ In
%Slip
Volts Motor Generat
s s Amps Rpm Generat Nm
W1+W2 or VLIL
or

Electrical Machines Lab-2

Page 35
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Calculation:

Watt meter constant K= 𝑉𝐼 𝐶𝑜𝑠Ø =

𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

Output of DC Generator=VL×IL = ----------- = ------- Watts

Input to DC Generator = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝐶 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟= ----------- =--------Watts (assume η of DC Gen=0.85)

𝜼

But Output of 3Ø induction Motor = Input to Dc Generator = ----------------- Watts

Input to 3Ø induction Motor = W1 ± W2 =

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 3𝑝ℎ 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
%𝜼= ×100 =
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑜 3𝑝ℎ 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟

Output of Induction motor

B.H.P = =
735.5
𝑊1−𝑊2
Power factor Cosɸ= Cos{tan−1 √3 ( )}=
𝑊1+𝑊2

Expected result: Performance characteristics of three phase induction Motor are to be plotted. The
curves plotted should match with the ideal curves.

Result:

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 36
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 8
No Load and Blocked rotor test on 3 Phase induction Motor to draw
(i) Equivalent Circuit and (ii) Circle diagram. Determine the performance parameters at
different Load conditions from (i) and (ii).
Aim: To determine the equivalent Circuit of a 3- ɸ induction Motor and calculate various parameters of
induction Motor with the help of circle diagram.

Sl.
No. Name Type Range Quantity Machine Rating
1 Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 1 Power rating
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 Voltage
3 Wattmeter Electro dynamo 10A/600V UPF 1
Current
meter type 10A/600V UPF 1
4 Tachometer Digital/Analog ***** 1 Speed(RPM)
5 Connecting ***** ***** Required
Frequency
Wires
PF

Circuit diagram:

Figure 8.13-Phase Induction Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 37
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PROCEDURE:
NO LOAD TEST:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Ensure that the 3- ɸ Auto transformer is kept at Zero position and belt is freely suspended.
3. Switch ON the supply. Increase the 3- ɸ Auto transformer output voltage gradually until rated voltage
is observed in voltmeter. Note that the induction Motor takes large current initially, so; keep an eye on
the ammeter such that the starting current should not exceed 7 Amp.
4. By the time speed gains rated value, note down the readings of voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter.
5. Bring back the variac to zero output voltage position and switch OFF the supply.

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. The rotor is blocked by tightening the belt.
3. A small voltage is applied using 3- ɸ Auto transformer to the stator so that rated current flows in the
induction Motor.
4. Note down the readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter in a tabular column.
5. Bring back the 3- ɸ Auto transformer tozero position and switch OFF the supply.

OBSERVATIONS:

No Load Test:

Sl Voltmeter reading Ammeter reading Wattmeter Reading Total power

No V in Volts I in Amps W1+W2
W1 W2

Blocked Rotor Test

Sl Volt meter reading Ammeter reading Wattmeter Reading Total power

No V in Volts I in Amps W1+W2
W1 W2

Measurement of stator winding resistance (r1):

Circuit diagram:

Figure 8.2Measurement of stator winding resistance.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 38
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Measurement of Stator resistance:

1. Connect the Circuit as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Keeping Rheostat in maximum resistance position switch on the 30 V Dc supply.
3. Using Volt-Ammeter method measure the Resistance of the Stator winding.
4. After finding the stator resistance, Rdc must be multiplied with 1.6 so as to account for skin
effect i.e. Rac = 1.6 Rdc.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Stator Resistance 1.6𝑅𝑑𝑐

S no. Voltage (v) Ammeter(I) R =𝑉 Ω Rac = Ω
dc 𝐼
2

1
2
3
Average Stator Resistance/Phase = ----------- Ω

Blocked Rotor test

No Load test: 𝑉𝐼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 Ø
𝑉𝐼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 Ø
Wattmeter constant W C=
Wattmeter constant W C= 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

I0 =(I1+I2)/2= ---- Amps

I0 =(I1+I2)/2= ---- Amps
W0=w1+w2= ------- Watts
W0=w1+w2= ------- Watts
CosØ𝑠𝑐 ==P0/(√3 V0I0)=-------
CosØ0=P0/(√3 V0I0)=-------
Ø0 = ---------- degrees
Ø0 = ---------- degrees
ISN = Isc V0/Vsc= ----- Amps
ISN = Isc V0/Vsc= ----- Amps
WSN = Wsc (ISN/ISC)2 A= ------- Watts
WSN = Wsc (ISN/ISC)^2 A=-------- Watts
Construction of Circle Diagram
1. Draw horizontal axis OX and vertical axis OY. Here the vertical axis represents the voltage
reference.
2. With suitable scale, draw phasor OA with length corresponding to I0 at an angle Φ0 from the
vertical axis. Draw a horizontal line AB.
3. Draw OS equal to ISN at an angle ΦSC and join AS.
4. Draw the perpendicular bisector to AS to meet the horizontal line AB at C.
5. With C as centre, draw a semi-circle passing through A and S. This forms the circle diagram which
is the locus of the input current. From point S, draw a vertical line SL to meet the line AB. Fix the
point K as below.
For wound rotor machines where equivalent rotor resistance R2′ can be found out:

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 39
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Divide SL at point K so that SK: KL = equivalent rotor resistance: stator resistance.

For squirrel cage rotor machines:
6. Find Stator copper loss using ISN and stator winding resistance R1.
Rotor copper loss = total copper loss – stator copper loss.
7. Divide SL at point K so that SK : KL = rotor copper loss : stator copper loss
Note: If data for separating stator copper loss and rotor copper loss is not available then assume
that stator copper loss is equal to rotor copper loss. So divide SL at point K so that SK= KL
8. For a given operating point P, draw a vertical line PEFGD as shown.
Then, PD = input power, PE = output power, EF = rotor copper loss, FG = stator copper loss,
GD = constant loss (iron loss + mechanical loss)
9. Efficiency of the machine at the operating point P, η = 𝑃𝐸
𝑃𝐷
10. Power factor of the machine at operating point P = cosΦ1
11. Slip of the machine at the operating point P,s = 𝐸𝐹
𝑃𝐹
12. Starting torque at rated voltage (in syn. watts) = SK
13. To find the operating points corresponding to maximum power and maximum torque, draw
tangents to the circle diagram parallel to the output line and torque line respectively. The points at
which these tangents touch the circle are respectively the maximum power point (Tmax) and
maximum torque point (Pmax)

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 40
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 41
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Calculations

Expected Result: Performance of 3-Ph Induction Motor is to be determined by constructing circle

diagram.

Result:

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 42
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No.9
Load test on Induction Generator
Aim: To determine the efficiency of Generator at different Loads and to show that an AC Machine can be
run as both Motor as well as Generator.

Apparatus Required:
Quantity
Sl.
Name Type Range In Machines Rating
No.
No
MI (0-600)V 1 Power
1 Voltmeter
MC (0-300)V 2 rating
MI (0-10/20)A 2
2 Ammeter Voltage
MC (0-10/20)A 1
Electro
0-600V UPF 2
3 Wattmeter dynamo meter Current
0-10A
type
Speed(RP
4 Rheostat Variable 750 Ω 1
M)
5 Tachometer Digital/Analog ***** 1 Frequency
Connecting Require
6 ***** ***** PF
Wires d

Circuit diagram:

Figure 9.1 Induction Generator

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 43
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Procedure: LOAD TEST:

 Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
 Ensure that the 3- ɸ Auto transformer is kept at 0 positions and belt is freely suspended.
 Switch ON the supply. Increase the 3- ɸ Auto transformer output voltage gradually until rated
voltage is observed in voltmeter. Note that the induction Motor takes large current initially, so;
keep an eye on the ammeter such that the starting current should not exceed 8 Amp.
 A 750Ω rheostat is in cut in position and 230V DC supply switch is open.
 Now close the AC supply switch and apply the voltage gradually by varying the auto transformer
 Now build the Generator voltage to its rated value by varying 750Ω rheostat and note down all the
meter readings.
 Now observe the voltage across the DC supply (230V DC supply) and adjust Generator output
voltage equal to that of DC supply switch.
 At synchronous speed, note down the readings of all the meters, ensure that some of wattmeter’s
readings are equal to zero.
 Speed of the Machine is varied by varying Armature Rheostat and all the meter readings are noted
down.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 44
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga.

I1 voltage IDC Speed Input Output

I2 W1 W2 V
SL in VDC current N Cos to of
in in in in %𝜼
No Amps in in In ɸ induction induction
Amps Watts Watts Volts
Volts Amps rpm Generator Generator

Electrical Machines Lab-2

Page 45
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Calculation:

Wattmeter constant (k) = VI Cosф =

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Input to DC Motor =VDC × IDC =---------------- Watts

Output of DC Motor = Input × 𝜂
=VDC×IDC× 𝜂 (assume 85% 𝜂)
= Watts
Input to induction Generator=output 0f DC Motor
Out of Induction Generator=W1±W2

% 𝜂 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟= 𝑜/𝑝

× 100 = ……….%
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

Calculations

Expected Result: Performance characteristic of 3-ph induction Generator is to be calculated.

Result:

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 46
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 10
Load Test on single phase Induction Motor to draw out put V/s Torque, current, power and
efficiency characteristics.
Aim: Obtain performance characteristics of the given single phase Induction Motor

Apparatus Required:

Quantity
Sl. No. Equipment Type Range In Machines Rating
No
1 Voltmeter MI (0-300)V 1 Power rating
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 Voltage
(0-300)V LPF
3 Wattmeter Dynamo-type 1 Current
(0-10)A
Analog/Digital
4 Tachometer 0-2000rpm 1 Frequency
Contact type
5 Connecting Wires ***** ***** Required PF

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 10.1single phase Induction Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 47
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PROCEDURE:
1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. DPST switch is closed and Machine M is by keeping Armature Rheostat in cut in position and
Field Rheostat in Cut out position
3. Now Close the supply switch Bring the Motor to its rated speed by varying Armature Rheostat if
necessary by varying Field Rheostat.
4. Apply Load in Steps and corresponding meter readings are noted down and tabulated
5. Loading process is done till the Motor draws rated current
6. %η and other parameters are calculated graphs are plotted.

Calculations:

Wattmeter constant (k) = VI Cosф =

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Radius of Break drum ®= -------- meters

(F1 and F2 is Load in kgs)

Shaft Torque Tsh (F1≅F2) r------------- kgm

%Slip =𝑁𝑠−𝑁×100
𝑁

Ns=120𝑓=120𝑥50=1500rpm
𝑃 4

Input to induction Motor= ---------- Watts

Output in BHP = 2𝜋𝑁𝑇 = − − − −

4500

Output in Watts = BHP×735.5= ------------ Watts

0𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
%η= × 100 =----------
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

Cosɸ=𝖶= -------
𝑉𝐼

Ideal Graph:

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 48
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 49
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 50
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 51
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Expected Result:
Performance characteristic of single phase induction Motor by direct Loading is to be plotted.

RESULT:
Signature of the Staff in-charge
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 52
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 11
Conduct a suitable experiment to draw the equivalent Circuit of 1 phase induction Motor and
determine performance parameters
Aim: To determine the equivalent Circuit parameters of a single phase induction Motor by Performing the no-
Load and blocked rotor tests.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Quantity
Sl.
Equipment Type Range In Machine Rating
No.
No
1 Voltmeter MI (0-300)V 1 Power
rating
2 Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1 Voltage
3 Wattmeter Dynamo-type (0-300)V LPF 1
Current
(0-10)A
4 Wattmeter Dynamo-type (0-150)V UPF 1
Speed(RPM)
(0-10)A
5 Connecting ***** ***** Required
Frequency
Wires
PF
Circuit diagram:

Figure 11.1 single phase Induction Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 53
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PROCEDURE:
No Load Test:

1. Circuit connections are made as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Be sure that variac (auto transformer) is set to zero output voltage position before starting the
experiment.
3. Now switch ON the supply and close the DPST switch.
4. The variac is varied slowly, until rated voltage is applied to Motor and rated speed is obtained.
5. Take the readings of Ammeter, Voltmeter and wattmeter in a tabular column.
6. The variac is brought to zero output voltage position after the experiment is done, and switch OFF the
supply.

Blocked Rotor Test:

1. To conduct blocked rotor test, necessary meters are connected to suit the full Load conditions of the
Motor.
2. Connections are made as per the Circuit diagram.
3. Before starting the experiment auto transformer is set to zero output voltage position.
4. The rotor shaft of the Motor is held tight with the rope around the brake drum.
5. Switch ON the supply, and variac is gradually varied till the rated current flows in the induction
Motor.
6. Readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter, and wattmeter are noted in a tabular column.
7. The variac is brought to zero output voltage position after the experiment is done, and switch OFF the
supply.
8. Loosen the rope after the experiment is done.

Circuit diagram to measure Stator and Rotor winding Resistance:

Figure 11.2Circuit diagram for measurement resistance r1.

Measurement of Stator resistance:

1. Connect the Circuit as per the Circuit diagram shown in figure.
2. Keeping Rheostat in maximum resistance position switch on the 30 V Dc supply.
3. Using Volt-Ammeter method measure the Resistance of the Stator winding.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 54
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

4. After finding the stator resistance, Rdc must be multiplied with 1.6 so as to account for skin
effect i.e. Rac = 1.6 Rdc.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Stator Resistance 1.6𝑅𝑑𝑐

S no. Voltage (v) Ammeter(I) R =𝑉 Ω Rac = Ω
dc 𝐼
2

1
2
3
Average Stator Resistance/Phase = ----------- Ω

Calculation for No-Load Test:

Calculation for Blocked Rotor Test:

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 55
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

OBSERVATIONS:
For NO-Load Test:
Voltmeter reading Ammeter reading Wattmeter reading
Sl no.
Vo Io Wo

For Blocked Rotor Test:

Voltmeter reading Ammeter reading Wattmeter reading
Sl no.
Vo Io Wo

Expected Result: Equivalent Circuit parameters of 1-Ph Induction Motor are to be calculated and
Equivalent Circuit is to be drawn.

Result:
Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 56
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Experiment No. 12
Conduct an experiment to draw V and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor at no Load and
Load conditions
Aim: To plot the ‘v’ and ‘inverted v’ curves of Synchronous Motor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Quantity
Sl.
Name Type Range In Machine Rating
No.
No
(0-600)V 1 Power
1 Voltmeter MI
(0-300)V 1 rating
MC (0-10)A 1
2 Ammeter Voltage
MI (0-10)A 1
3 Rheostat Wire-wound 400 Ω /1.7A 1 Current
4 Tachometer Digital ***** 1 Speed(RPM)
10A, 600V
UPF 1
5 Wattmeter Electrodynamometer Frequency
10A , 600V 1
LPF
Connecting
6 ***** ***** Required PF
Wires

Circuit diagram:

Figure 12.1synchronous Motor

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 57
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the Circuit diagram.
2. Initially auto transformers knob is kept at zero position. Load switch and excitation switch is kept
open and 750 Ω Rheostat is kept in cut in position.
3. Now close the 3- Ø 𝐴C Supply Switch and now gradually apply the 90%of the rated voltage of
synchronous Motor by using 3-Ø Auto transformer.
4. Observe the direction of rotation of the Motor. If it rotates in opposite direction, then interchange
any two terminals of the supply and then synchronous Motor rotates in same direction as indicated.
5. Now close the excitation switch and apply voltage such that rated excitation current flows through
the field winding.
6. Apply remaining 10% supply voltage and then check the speed, now synchronous Motor rotates at
synchronous speed i.e. 1500rpm.
7. Build up the generated voltage to its rated value by varying 750 Ω Rheostat.
8. Now close the Load switch and apply the Load at some value.
9. Vary the excitation by using rectifier such that current drawn by the Motor should be minimum at
the time note down readings of all meters. That excitation is taken as normal excitation.
10. Now under excite the field in steps and note down all the meter readings.
11. Now over excite the field in steps and note down all the meter readings.

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 58
Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
I1 Field
Iavg Load Load Power
V1 in in I2 W1 in W2 Speed N current Excitation
SL No voltage current IL factor
Volts Amps in Amps in Amps Watts In Watts in rpm IF in status
VLin Volts in Amps Cosɸ
Amps

Under
excitation

Electrical Machines Lab-2

Normal
Excitation

Over
excitation
Page 59
 Electrical Machines Lab-2

Caculations:

Wattmeter constant= VI cosф

𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

w1−w2
Cosɸ=Cos{𝑇𝑎𝑛−1 √3( )}
w1+w2

MODEL GRAPHS:

Expected Result: v and inverted v curves for synchronous machine are to be drawn. The plotted characteristic
curves should match the given ideal curves.

RESULT:

Signature of the Staff in-charge

Dept. of E&E Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Shivamogga. Page 60