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QPSK

The document outlines the objectives and procedures for a communications lab focused on QPSK modulation and demodulation. It explains the generation of M-PSK and M-QAM signals using I-Q look-up tables and describes the receiver's operation with correlators. The experiment includes creating a bitstream, generating carrier signals, implementing a receiver, and analyzing the effects of noise on the constellation diagram.

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kritishnagyal2004
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13 views2 pages

QPSK

The document outlines the objectives and procedures for a communications lab focused on QPSK modulation and demodulation. It explains the generation of M-PSK and M-QAM signals using I-Q look-up tables and describes the receiver's operation with correlators. The experiment includes creating a bitstream, generating carrier signals, implementing a receiver, and analyzing the effects of noise on the constellation diagram.

Uploaded by

kritishnagyal2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATIONS LAB.

: QPSK Modulation/Demodulation
OBJECTIVES
Understand the mechanism behind the detection of PSK/QAM signals.

INFORMATION
M-PSK and M-QAM are forms of representing symbols with carriers with different phases and
carriers with different phases & amplitudes respectively. Although it is possible to generate
these signals differently, it is more intuitive and trackable to generate them using I-Q look-up
table followed by quadrature carrier modulation block, as shown in Fig. 1. Example table is for
QPSK.

Look-up table cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)


Sym i q i
00 1 0
symbol 01 0 1 QPSK
stream 10 0 1
q
11 1 0
M=4,
each symbol is
Q
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑀) = 2 bits 01 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)

1
11 00
I

constellation diagram
10

Figure 1 : Implementation of QPSK. All PSK and QAM signals can be generated with this
approach.
The receiver/detector, for all M, consists of two correlators with quadrature carriers (cos and
sin), so that correlator outputs at the decision instants are i and q coefficients (projections on I
and Q). Decisions are made by finding the closest point from the same table and outputting the
corresponding symbol (reverse look-up).
cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
i
QPSK න.
𝑇𝑠 reverse
look-up symbols
q
න.
𝑇𝑠

sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)

Figure 2 : General quadrature correlator receiver.

Note that, one still needs sin and cos carriers be synchronously generated at the receiver.
Experiment:
a) Create the bitstream array b(𝑛) = [0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 b3 b2 b1 b0 c3 c2 c1 c0] where b and c
are bcd representations of last two digits in your student id. Expand the bit-stream by
100 by repeating each bit 100 times, so that when drawn it will look like a continuous
graph of the bit stream.
b) Generate arrays of cos(… ) and sin(… ) carriers with 16 periods within 1600 samples.
(1 symbol ≡ 2 bits ≡ 200 samples ≡ 2 carrier periods).
Keep in mind that, in practice, we usually have thousands of periods per symbol. Since it would be difficult to view
such a high number of periods, we will only have 2 carrier periods per symbol here.
c) Generate QPSK signal as described in Fig. 1. Draw the result.
d) Implement the quadrature-correlator receiver. Draw the signals just after the multipliers
and before the integrators and comment on them.
e) Generate i and q components. Draw the constellation diagram for the received i and q.
f) Add zero mean Gaussian noise to the signal generated in step (c). Draw the constellation
diagram for noisy i and q again.

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