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Me2322 Cinec02

The document covers the fundamentals of fluid dynamics, including kinematics of fluid flow, laminar and turbulent flow calculations, and dimensional analysis techniques. It explains key concepts such as streamlines, streamtubes, pathlines, and streaklines, highlighting their definitions and differences in steady and unsteady flow. The content is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of fluid flow visualization and the operation of hydraulic machines.

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Sarath Ponseka
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7 views16 pages

Me2322 Cinec02

The document covers the fundamentals of fluid dynamics, including kinematics of fluid flow, laminar and turbulent flow calculations, and dimensional analysis techniques. It explains key concepts such as streamlines, streamtubes, pathlines, and streaklines, highlighting their definitions and differences in steady and unsteady flow. The content is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of fluid flow visualization and the operation of hydraulic machines.

Uploaded by

Sarath Ponseka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE CODE:

ME2322-
FLUID
DYNAMICS
• Presented by : Hasitha Wipulaguna
• Hasitha.Wipulaguna@cinec.edu
Explain theories and solve problems related to
kinematics of fluid flow.

Perform fluid flow calculations with regards to


laminar flow and turbulent flow.

Derive equations for two dimensional ideal flow


Learning singularities and combined flows.

Outcomes Apply techniques of dimensional analysis to solve


problems related to fluid dynamics

Analyze problems associated with external flow and


boundary layers.

Explain the operating principle and application of


hydraulic machines.
Topics ■Kinematics of
covered in the fluid flow –
lecture Fundamentals
of flow
visualization
The “whole picture”
■ The human mind is designed to rapidly process an incredible amount of visual
information; as they say, “a picture is worth a thousand words”.

■ There are many types of flow patterns that can be visualized, both physically
(experimentally) and/or computationally.
Streamlines and Streamtubes
■ Streamlines – Definition
– A streamline is a curve that is everywhere tangent to the instantaneous local
velocity vector.

■ Streamlines are useful as indicators of the instantaneous direction of fluid motion


throughout the flow field.
■ Streamlines cannot be directly observed experimentally except in steady flow fields,
in which they are coincident with pathlines and streaklines, to be discussed next.
Mathematically, however, we can write a simple expression for a streamline based
on its definition.
Streamlines
and
Streamtubes
Streamlines and Streamtubes
Streamlines and Streamtubes -
Example
■ For the steady, incompressible,
two-dimensional velocity field of
Example 4–1, plot several
streamlines in the right half of
the flow (x > 0) and compare to
the velocity vectors plotted in
Fig. 4–4.
Streamlines and Streamtubes -
Example
Streamlines and Streamtubes
■ Streamtubes – Definition
– A Streamtube consists of a bundle of streamlines (Fig. 4–18), much like a
communications cable consists of a bundle of fiber-optic cables.
■ Since streamlines are everywhere parallel to the local velocity, fluid cannot cross a
streamline by definition. By extension, fluid within a streamtube must remain there
and cannot cross the boundary of the Streamtube.
Pathlines

■ A pathline is the actual path traveled


by an individual fluid particle over
some time period.
■ A pathline is a Lagrangian concept in
that we simply follow the path of an
individual fluid particle as it moves
around in the flow field (Fig. 4–20).
Thus, a pathline is the same as the
fluid particle’s material position vector
(xparticle(t), yparticle(t), zparticle(t)).
Streakline
■ A streakline is the locus of fluid particles that have passed
sequentially through a prescribed point in the flow.
■ Streaklines are the most common flow pattern generated
in a physical experiment. If you insert a small tube into a
flow and introduce a continuous stream of tracer fluid (dye
in a water flow or smoke in an airflow), the observed
pattern is a streakline.
Streaklines , streamlines and pathlines

■ Streaklines are often confused with streamlines or pathlines. While the three flow
patterns are identical in steady flow, they can be quite different in unsteady flow.
■ The main difference is that a streamline represents an instantaneous flow pattern at
a given instant in time, while a Streakline and a pathline are flow patterns that have
some age and thus a time history associated with them.
■ A Streakline is an instantaneous snapshot of a time integrated flow pattern. A
pathline, on the other hand, is the time-exposed flow path of an individual particle
over some time period.

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