Information to be obtained for SC from PC (OR) MIN Positive seq imp

X/R
Max 3ph SC current Negative seq imp
X/R X/R
Max 1ph SC current zero seq imp
X/R X/R
Min 3ph SC current
X/R MAX Positive seq imp
Min 1ph SC current X/R
X/R Negative seq imp
X/R
zero seq imp
X/R
22

Grid voltage 33 kv Base MVA f 100

X/R 14
3PH SC current 40 kA
SLG SC 25 kA
MVAsc = 1.732*OC voltage*SC Current 2286.307 MVA

Zpu = Base MVA/ MVAsc 0.043739

Z = Sqrt (R2 + X2) Substituting X=14R *positive seq imp decides the 3ph fault current in RMS
Z = Sqrt (R2 + (14R)2) *X/R decides the peak fault current
Z = R Sqrt (197) %
R 0.003116 0.311625
X 0.043628 4.36275

To find zero seq imp Role of Isc/IL:

voltage drop in normal operating condition
SLG = 3V / (Z1+Z2+Z0) Z1=Z2 system strength & voltage for fault at other places
3PH = V / Z1 voltage dip in motor starting
THD in harmonics
3 PH / SLG = (V/Z1) / (3V/(Z1+Z2+Z0)) fluctuation for oscillation
Z0 = (3PH/SLG)*3Z1 - 2Z1

If 3PH = SLG then Z0=Z1=Z2 *the approx value for a CB to break DC SC current is 30% of RMS SC curr
If 3PH > SLG then Z0 > Z1&Z2 i.e RMS SC current = 40kA
Then CB capacity to break DC = 12kA
3 PH = V/Z1
LG = 3V/(Z1+Z2+Z0)
LL = √3V/(Z1+Z2)
LLG = V/(Z1+ Z2 parellel with Z0)

_x000D_ General
#
 Cable sizing A = Ish * Sqrt(t)/k
Ish - SC current
t - fault duration
k - constant

rrent in RMS

ng condition
ault at other places

current is 30% of RMS SC current

_x000D_ General
#
SC calc for a 3 winding trafo three phase fault

Grid parameters: Trafo data: MVA

KV 33 HV 33 KV 8.34
SC CURRENT (kA) 40 MV 0.8 KV 4.17
X/R 14 LV 0.8 KV 4.17
Base MVA 100
GRID: Trafo (HV-MV):
considering trafo base MVA as 8.34
Zpu = Zact/Zbase = MVAbase/MVAact Zpu 0.174
Zact = KV2/MVAact
Zbase = KV2/MVAbase Zpu new = Zpu old * (MVAnew/MVAold)
Zpu new 2.086331
MVAact = MVAsc Rpu 0.052142
Xpu 2.085679
MVAact 2286.307066
Zpu 0.043738657 KT factor 0.972109
Rpu 0.00311625
Xpu 0.043627504 Rpu & Xpu wrt kt factor

Rpu 0.050688
Xpu 2.027508

Total imp grid & trafo Rpu 0.053804

Xpu 2.071136
C factor
Zpu total 2.071834 Vpu

Ibase = MVAbase/(√3*KV) Ipu = V/Zpu total

Ibase 72168.78 Ipu

Ifault = Ibase*Ipu*C factor

Ifault 38316.6 Amps

Synchronous GEN :
11.76471 MVA PF 0.85 Φ 0.554811
S 10.52632 MVA PF 0.95 Φ 0.31756
P 10 MW
Q = S*SinΦ

over exc Qmax (lag) 6.197443 MVAR

under exc Qmin (lead) 3.286841 MVAR

_x000D_ General
#
 IMP
HV - MV 17.4
HV - LV 12
MV - LV 10

X/R 40
Xt 0.12497

1.1
1

Ipu = V/Zpu total

0.482664

_x000D_ General
#
Capacitor bank sizing

P 2190 KW
Available PF at PCC 0.857 Φ1
Desired PF at PCC 0.95 Φ2

tanΦ1 0.601303
tanΦ2 0.328684

Qc req 597.0347 KVAR

Qc actual 597.0347
Operating volt 405
Rated volt 415

Qc genarated 568.6086

Transformer X/R ratio calculation:

Rating 100000 KVA

Load Loss 193 KW
% imp (%Z) 12.5

% R = Load loss / Rating *100 0.1930

% X = √(%Z)2 - (%R)2 12.4985

X/R 64.7591

TAP settings

MIN grid volt 82.50% MAX grid volt

Load 38 MVA Load 9.5

_x000D_ General
#
Volt at bus 77.74 Volt at bus

min tap -17.26 max tap

IEC IDMT CURVE TIME CALCULATOR:

TMS 0.7 TMS

k 0.14 K
a 0.02 a
I (Actual current) 13000 Amps I (fault current)
Is (set current) 1500 Amps Is (set current)
Curve IEC Standard inverse Curve

t (I) 2.220413 s t (s)

Desired Operating Time 0.45 Rectangular form to Polar form

0.044136
x 0.511014332488858
TMS 0.14 y -19.8341167091944
r 19.8406986087172
ang -88.5241344989467

_x000D_ General
#
 % DC breaking capacity of CB

Min delay 20
Time constant (L/R) 45

% DC = e^ (-Min delay/time constant)

% DC 64.11804
0.541377
0.31756 X/R 14
2pifL/R 14

L/R 0.044586 sec

45ms

TR Loading 48.8 %
KVAR
V % pu
V kVA 5000 100 1
A 48.8 0.488
KVAR X 7.101 0.07101
R 0.835 0.00835

P loss 9.942512 kW
Q loss 84.55303 kVAr

P 104.49 kW
Q 56.19 kVAr
Voc 11 Kv
S 118.6401 kVA Isc 20 Ka

PF 88.07308 % MVAsc 381.0512

127.0171

44512

1679.316

112.00%
MVA

_x000D_ General
#
 110.4

5.4

C 0.3197

B 2 * phi * f * C

Y G + jB

Y = B (G neglected)

Y 0.000100
Y0 0.0003012

1 TMS 1
13.5 K 80
1 a 2
I (fault current) 5000 I (fault current) 5000
Is (set current) 100 Is (set current) 100
IEC very inverse Curve IEC Extremely inverse

0.27551 s t (s) 0.032013 s

ar form to Polar form Polar form to Rectangular form

0.511014332488858 r 6.403124 LV AMP 200

-19.8341167091944 ang 51.34019
19.8406986087172 x 3.04782 HV STAR 20 1 PH
-88.5241344989467 y 5.631234
HV DELTA 11.547344111 2 PH

LV FLA 2362 A
%Z 12.5

LV Isc 18896 A

_x000D_ General
#
ZIP CALCULATION:

a 2
V - Actual voltage P = P0 * (V / V0)^a V 32894
V0 - Rated voltage V0 33000
P - Actual power a' constant P0 900
P0 - Rated power For Z , a = 2
For I , a = 1 P 894.2275
For P , a = 0

SURGE IMPEDANCE LOADING

Z =SQRT(L/C)

Z =SQRT((R+jX)/(G+JB))

Considering lossless line

So, R=0 G=0

Z =SQRT(X/B)

Xl 2*pi*f*L

B 2*pi*f*C

Z =SQRT(L/C)

X 0.4
B 3.60E-06

Z 333.333333 Ohm

SIL =Vs*Vs/Z

Vs 400000

SIL 480000000 VA

_x000D_ General
#
 micro farad

2 * phi * f * C

TMS 1
K 120
a 1
I (fault current) 13000
Is (set current) 100
Curve IEC Long time inverse

t (s) 0.930233 s

V 6350
A 200

R 31.75

_x000D_ General
#
V
V
kW

kW

_x000D_ General
#
System data Relay details Lead parameters
P 25 MW
UN 33 Kv Make Siemens Lead resistance (R1)
F 60 Hz Model 7SJ81 Length of the lead (L)
If 25000 A Rtd current (IR) 1A No.of runs
IFLC 437.3866 A Burden 0.1 VA

_x000D_ General
#
Lead parameters

Lead resistance (R1)

Length of the lead (L)
No.of runs

_x000D_ General
#
 TR Details
Rating 20 MVA
HV Volts 110 kV
LV Volts 11 kV
VG YNd1
%Z 13
Tap range ± 10%
HV CTR 150 A
LV CTR 1500 A

TR FLA HV at Nom tap 104.97 A

TR FLA HV at Nom tap 1049.73 A

± 10% Tap Voltage calculation

For +10% 115.5 kV

For -10% 88 kV

Through fault current calculation

HV TFC at Nom tap 807.48289 A

LV TFC 8074.8289 A

HV TFC at +10% tap 769.03133 A

HV TFC at -10% tap 1009.3536 A

1ph

1ph

_x000D_ General
#
 HV CT sec at Nom tap 0.700 A Differential current with Normal loading at Extreme t
LV CT sec at Nom tap 0.700 A
Diff current at +10 % tap
Ratio correction
Diff current at -10 % tap
HV CTR/HV FLA
Kamp HV
1.429 Bias current with Normal loading at Extreme taps

LV CTR/LV FLA Bias current at +10 % tap

Kamp LV
1.429
Bias current at -10 % tap
Corrected HV CT sec current I1 1 pu
Corrected LV CT sec current I2 1 pu Maximum Differential current

Tap +10 % HV FLA 99.97 A Is1

Tap +10 % HV CT sec current I 11 0.666 A K1
Corrected I11 0.952 pu K2
Is2
Tap -10 % HV FLA 131.22 A
Tap +10 % HV CT sec current I 12 0.875 A
Corrected I12 1.250 pu

SLOPE 1 Slope 2

Id 30 Id 100
Ib 120 Ib 100

K1 0.25 K2 1

0.235 2.58

127.0208

540.514 1394.526

_x000D_ General
#
rmal loading at Extreme taps

0.0476 pu

0.250 pu

al loading at Extreme taps

0.976 pu

1.125 pu

0.250 pu

0.2 pu
30 %
80 %
1.2 pu

_x000D_ General
#
 Agenda
Date Time (IST)
12.00PM - 02.00PM
02.12.2022 02.00PM - 03.00PM
03.00PM - 05.00PM

_x000D_ General
#
 Agenda
Topics
Earthfault Coordination w.r.t different types of grounding
Break
MV Coordination with real time case study & Introduction to Directional overcurrent Protection

_x000D_ General
#
 SC current Normal Case (kA) FJCR OUT MIRA OUT

FJCR 19.996 20.485

Room A 17.939 5.371 18.408

MIRA 15.376 15.854

Room B 14.137 14.625 5.726

Actual 19.49
Actual 15

AT 400
FLA 214.8
1.05
LRC 1289

L 0.56257142857143

I 6.445
0.8

_x000D_ General
#
 GENERATOR PROTECTION MOTOR PR
INPUTS INPU
FLA 393.6 A FLA
Xd'' 0.19 pu LRC
CTR 500 A CTR
FC from Gen 2303 A ACCELERATION TIME
THERMAL DAMAGE TIME

51 - OVERCURRENT (1.1 * FLA) / CTR 51 - OVERCURRENT

PICK UP 0.86592 PICK UP
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC TMS
IEC CURVE EI, VI, LTI IEC CURVE

50 - INSTANTANEOUS (1.3 * FC) / CTR 50 - INSTANTANEOUS

PICK UP 5.9878 PICK UP
TIME DELAY 0.02s TIME DELAY

51N - NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT (0.1 * FLA) / CTR 51N - NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT

PICK UP 0.07872 PICK UP
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC TMS
IEC CURVE NI IEC CURVE

50N - INSTANTANEOUS 100% FLA / CTR 50N - INSTANTANEOUS

PICK UP 0.7872 PICK UP
TIME DELAY 0.02s TIME DELAY

FLA @25MVA 1312

51 0.5248

51 0.962133

4.836

60MVA TR

FLA LV 1050
CTR 2000

51

_x000D_ General
#
 Long
Iset 0.5775

_x000D_ General
#
 MOTOR PROTECTION TRANSFORMER PROTECTION - HV
INPUTS INPUTS
FLA 57 A FLA
LRC 400 A TFC
CTR 100 A CTR
ELERATION TIME 3, 5, 7 s INRUSH
MAL DAMAGE TIME 12, 18 s TIME

OVERCURRENT (1.1 * FLA) / CTR 51 - OVERCURRENT

PICK UP 0.627 IDMT PICK UP
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC TMS
IEC CURVE EI, VI, LTI IEC CURVE

NSTANTANEOUS (1.6 * LRC) / CTR DMT 50 - INSTANTANEOUS

PICK UP 6.4 PICK UP
TIME DELAY 0.02s TIME DELAY

UTRAL OVERCURRENT (0.1 * FLA) / CTR FLA - Full Load Ampere

PICK UP 0.057 TFC - Through Fault Current
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC CTR - CT Ratio
IEC CURVE NI 51 - Time Over Current
50 - Instantaneous Over Current
INSTANTANEOUS 100% FLA / CTR
PICK UP 0.57
TIME DELAY 0.02s FLA LV 2782
Z 0.0625

44512

1679.3163636

690.52631579

FLA

Short safety margin + highest motor starting current +

7606.3
2782

LV Motor TR SEC SIDE

FLA 511.4 A FLA 2782
LRC 3069 A AT 4000
AT 800 A Min T 1.05
LT Min Tol 1.05

_x000D_ General
#
LT pick up 1.1 * FLA / (AT * Min tolerance) LT pick up 1.1 * FLA/(AT * Min Tol)
0.73057143 0.4636666667

Inst (1.6 * LRC) / (AT*Min tol) ST 1.3 * (FLA+LRC of high capacity motor)/(AT *
1.2 5.115
FLA 1229.6
G 0.1 * FLA/AT LRC 3070
AT 2000
Tol 0.9

3.8218666667 7643.733
FLA 1229.6

L 0.75142222

FLA/Xd"
FLA 2956
Xd" 0.19
Xd' 0.28
Xd 1.55
Subtransient 15557.89

Transient 10557.14

Steadystate 1907.097

_x000D_ General
#
RANSFORMER PROTECTION - HV
INPUTS
105 A TFC = FLA / %Z 6.25%
1680 A %Z 0.0625
125 A
10 pu 1050 TFC 1680 amp 1.703
120 ms 840 Inrush 1.633

(1.1 * FLA) / CTR 950 TFC If=V/(Zs+Zt)

0.924
NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC
EI
110% to 200%
(1.3 * TFC) / CTR FLA 535
17.472 CTR 600
0.02s LRC 1200

FLA - Full Load Ampere 51 0.980833

TFC - Through Fault Current 50 3.759167
CTR - CT Ratio
51 - Time Over Current
50 - Instantaneous Over Current GEN

FLA 393.6
Xd' 0.28
Xd" 0.19

Sub transient 2071.579

Transient 1405.714

3 GEN 4217.143

+ highest motor starting current + FLA

BUSCOUPLER
AT 1600
LRA 3682
BUS 5 1400 A

L 1540

_x000D_ General
#
 S 1.6 * (FLA OF ALL LOADS IN BUS 5 + LRA OF HIGHEST M

5.082
LRC of high capacity motor)/(AT * Min tol)
INCOMER

FLA 3478 In
AT 4000 MF
LRA 3682 Tst

L 0.95645 Fault current = 9600A @ 0.1s

S 2.864 4

_x000D_ General
#
 1703amp If*1.1
If*1

If=V/(Zs+Zt)

_x000D_ General
#
ADS IN BUS 5 + LRA OF HIGHEST MTR) / AT * MIN TOL

800 A
12
0.1 s

Fault current = 9600A @ 0.1s

3200

_x000D_ General
#
 GENERATOR PROTECTION MOTOR PR
INPUTS INPU
FLA 393.6 A FLA
Xd'' 0.19 pu LRC
CTR 500 A CTR
FC from Gen 2303 A ACCELERATION TIME
THERMAL DAMAGE TIME

51 - OVERCURRENT (1.1 * FLA) / CTR 51 - OVERCURRENT

PICK UP 0.86592 PICK UP
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC TMS
IEC CURVE EI, VI, LTI IEC CURVE

50 - INSTANTANEOUS (1.3 * FC) / CTR 50 - INSTANTANEOUS

PICK UP 5.9878 PICK UP
TIME DELAY 0.02s TIME DELAY

51N - NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT (0.1 * FLA) / CTR 51N - NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT

PICK UP 0.07872 PICK UP
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC TMS
IEC CURVE NI IEC CURVE

50N - INSTANTANEOUS 100% FLA / CTR 50N - INSTANTANEOUS

PICK UP 0.7872 PICK UP
TIME DELAY 0.02s TIME DELAY

FLA @25MVA 1312

51 0.5248

51 0.962133

4.836

60MVA TR

FLA LV 1050
CTR 2000

51
 Long
Iset 0.5775
 MOTOR PROTECTION TRANSFORMER PROTECTION - HV
INPUTS INPUTS
FLA 57 A FLA
LRC 400 A TFC
CTR 100 A CTR
ELERATION TIME 3, 5, 7 s INRUSH
MAL DAMAGE TIME 12, 18 s TIME

OVERCURRENT (1.1 * FLA) / CTR 51 - OVERCURRENT

PICK UP 0.627 PICK UP
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC TMS
IEC CURVE EI, VI, LTI IEC CURVE

NSTANTANEOUS (1.6 * LRC) / CTR 50 - INSTANTANEOUS

PICK UP 6.4 PICK UP
TIME DELAY 0.02s TIME DELAY

UTRAL OVERCURRENT (0.1 * FLA) / CTR FLA - Full Load Ampere

PICK UP 0.057 TFC - Through Fault Current
TMS NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC CTR - CT Ratio
IEC CURVE NI 51 - Time Over Current
50 - Instantaneous Over Current
INSTANTANEOUS 100% FLA / CTR
PICK UP 0.57
TIME DELAY 0.02s FLA LV 2782
Z 0.0625

44512

1679.3163636

690.52631579

FLA

Short safety margin + highest motor starting current +

7606.3
2782

LV Motor TR SEC SIDE

FLA 511.4 A FLA 2782
LRC 3069 A AT 4000
AT 800 A Min T 1.05
LT Min Tol 1.05
LT pick up 1.1 * FLA / (AT * Min tolerance) LT pick up 1.1 * FLA/(AT * Min Tol)
0.73057143 0.4636666667

Inst (1.6 * LRC) / (AT*Min tol) ST 1.3 * (FLA+LRC of high capacity motor)/(AT *
1.2 5.115
FLA 1229.6
G 0.1 * FLA/AT LRC 3070
AT 2000
Tol 0.9

3.8218666667 7643.733
FLA 1229.6

L 0.75142222

FLA/Xd"
FLA 2956
Xd" 0.19
Xd' 0.28
Xd 1.55
Subtransient 15557.89

Transient 10557.14

Steadystate 1907.097
RANSFORMER PROTECTION - HV
INPUTS
131 A TFC = FLA / %Z 10.00%
1310 A %Z 0.1
150 A
10 pu 1264 TFC 1310 amp 1.703
120 ms 1048 Inrush 1.633

(1.1 * FLA) / CTR 950 TFC If=V/(Zs+ZT)

0.960666666666667
NEED TO ADJUST IN TCC
EI
110% to 200%
(1.3 * TFC) / CTR FLA 535
11.3533333333333 CTR 600
0.02s LRC 1200

FLA - Full Load Ampere 51 0.980833

TFC - Through Fault Current 50 3.759167
CTR - CT Ratio
51 - Time Over Current
50 - Instantaneous Over Current GEN

FLA 393.6
Xd' 0.28
Xd" 0.19

Sub transient 2071.579

Transient 1405.714

3 GEN 4217.143

+ highest motor starting current + FLA

BUSCOUPLER
AT 1600
LRA 3682
BUS 5 1400 A

L 1540
 S 1.6 * (FLA OF ALL LOADS IN BUS 5 + LRA OF HIGHEST M

5.082
LRC of high capacity motor)/(AT * Min tol)
INCOMER

FLA 3478 In
AT 4000 MF
LRA 3682 Tst

L 0.95645 Fault current = 9600A @ 0.1s

S 2.864 4

A
 1703amp If*1.1
If*1

If=V/(Zs+ZT)
ADS IN BUS 5 + LRA OF HIGHEST MTR) / AT * MIN TOL

800 A
12
0.1 s

Fault current = 9600A @ 0.1s

3200