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Conjunctions part 1

Conjunctions are words that connect other words, phrases, sentences, or clauses, allowing for more complex and elegant expressions. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating, paired/correlative, and subordinating, with coordinating conjunctions being the most common in English, represented by the acronym FANBOYS. Proper use of conjunctions requires maintaining the same structure in connected phrases and can enhance sentence clarity and flow.

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9 views5 pages

Conjunctions part 1

Conjunctions are words that connect other words, phrases, sentences, or clauses, allowing for more complex and elegant expressions. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating, paired/correlative, and subordinating, with coordinating conjunctions being the most common in English, represented by the acronym FANBOYS. Proper use of conjunctions requires maintaining the same structure in connected phrases and can enhance sentence clarity and flow.

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Conjunctions are the words that link other words, phrases,

sentences or clauses together. Without them, we need to express


more complex ideas in many short and simple sentences:

I like cooking. I like eating. I don't like washing the dishes


afterwards. Kate is exhausted. She insists on dancing until dawn.

After using the correct conjunctions:

I like cooking and eating, but I don't like washing dishes


afterwards. Kate is exhausted, yet she insists on dancing until
dawn.

Avoiding multiple cut sentences, conjunctions allow you to create


complex and elegant sentences. BUT there's one thing you should
be aware of: the phrases need to have the same structure in order
to connect them!

INCORRECT: I cook quickly and efficient.


CORRECT: I cook quickly and efficiently.

There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating, paired or


correlative and subordinating.

WHAT DO CONJUNCTIONS LOOK LIKE


A. single word
for example: and, but, because, although
B. compound (often ending with as or that)
for example: provided that, as long as, in order that

C. correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)


for example: so...that

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

They connect words or phrases that are grammatically equal or


similar. They show that the elements the conjunction joins are
similar in importance and structure.

There are seven main coordinating conjunctions in English, which


form the acronym FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They
always come between the words or clauses that they join.

F: for: The employees were frustrated, for the company had cut
funding for all their new projects.*

When to use it: You’re providing a reason for something (similar


to the word “because,” which we’ll cover later in this class)

.A: and: I will write a review, a case study, and a final paper. **
When to use it: “And” joins two ideas, things or sentences together.
N: nor: The students didn't complete their homework, nor did they
pass the test.
When to use it: When you have a negative statement, “nor” adds
another negative alternative.

B: but: The study is several years old but still valuable to this study.
When to use it: This conjunction connects two ideas, similar to
how you might use the word “and.” However, while “and”
onnects two alike ideas/things, “but” connects contrasting
ideas/things.

O: or: At the end of the class, kids could choose to eat a burger or
have a milkshake.
When to use it: “Or” presents an alternative to an option.

Y: yet: The patient complained of chronic pain, yet she refused


treatment.
When to use it: When you present a statement, “yet” presents an
idea that contrasts the first statement logically.

S: so: I have only been an architect for a year, so I have little


experience with old buildings.
When to use it: This conjunction gives a reason for something.

* "for" is rarely used as a conjunction in modern English.


** when the conjunctions "and" and "or" connect three or more
words or phrases, use a serial comma to separate items in the
series. It means that you need to separate each item as a list,
including right before the word "and".

When it joins sentences that could perfectly work individually,


it's correct to place a comma before the conjunction.

I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying


French at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced,
a comma is not really essential:

She is kind so she helps people.

"Therefore" and "however" are transitional words, but they can


also function as conjunctions:
"I like that sweater; however, it only comes in one color."
"I got there really early; therefore I was first in line."

PAIRED/CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
They consist of two words or phrases that help make a point or
establish alternatives. Although paired conjunctions can be
helpful in structuring a sentence, they can also make sentences
longer than necessary, so use these conjunctions sparingly.

both…and
The project will require significant investments of both time and
money. Both the students and the teachers were satisfied with the
pilot program.
Note: When two subjects are connected by "both…and," use a
plural verb (such as "are" or "were").

not only…but also


Students who did not complete the assignment received not only
a poor grade but also a warning from the teacher.
Not only did the student include full sentences from the source
without using quotation marks, but he also failed to properly cite
paraphrased material.

either…or
Either the students were unprepared or the assessment was
poorly written.
Participants in the survey could either choose from a list of
possible answers or write in their own responses.
neither…nor
Students who did not complete the project received neither praise
nor rewards.
The staff neither followed the new policy nor asked for clarification.

Whether/or
When to use them: I briefly mentioned this pairing when
discussing “whether” previously. Use “whether/or” to talk about
two options.

Example sentences:

“Have you decided whether you want to wear the red shirt or the
blue shirt?”

“Whether we leave at 8:00 or 8:30, we’re going to get


stuck in traffic.”

“You’re going to eat your vegetables, whether you like it or not.”

(Note: “Whether you like it or not” is a common phrase for


expressing that someone doesn’t have a choice in the matter.
It’s probably most common for parents to say to children.)

If/then
When to use them: The words “if” and “then” separate two
clauses. Use the pair to talk about something that will happen as
a result of something else happening.
Example sentences:

“If Bob graduates from college, then he can apply for the job
opening at Google.”
“If I order a medium pizza instead of a small, then I’ll have leftovers
to eat tomorrow.”
“Joe is allergic to peanut butter. If he accidentally eats some,
then his tongue will swell up.”

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