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ORC_example_solution

The document presents two solutions for an ORC-process calculation, detailing assumptions and calculations for enthalpy at various points in the process. Solution 1 involves specific enthalpy values, turbine efficiency, and net power calculations, resulting in a net electric efficiency of 19.9%. Solution 2 simplifies the process by assuming negligible enthalpy change in the feed pump and calculates the pinch-point temperature difference, leading to a temperature of 146 oC.

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5 views

ORC_example_solution

The document presents two solutions for an ORC-process calculation, detailing assumptions and calculations for enthalpy at various points in the process. Solution 1 involves specific enthalpy values, turbine efficiency, and net power calculations, resulting in a net electric efficiency of 19.9%. Solution 2 simplifies the process by assuming negligible enthalpy change in the feed pump and calculates the pinch-point temperature difference, leading to a temperature of 146 oC.

Uploaded by

majvand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example for ORC-process calculation

Solution 1
Assumptions:

No pressure losses in the process->


Turbine inlet pressure = evaporation pressure
Turbine outlet pressure = condensing pressure
Recuperator is not used
No heat losses in the process
No subcooling in the condenser

The enthalpy at the turbine inlet can be solved from the log p,h-drawing -> h1 (T1=300 oC, p1=3 MPa)=621
kJ/kg

The enthalpy after an isentropic expansion (entropy remains constant), h2s can be found when following
the constant entropy line to the turbine outlet pressure p2 = 0.04 MPa -> h2s = 450 kJ/kg.

The enthalpy at the turbine outlet, h2 can be solved by using the definition of turbine isentropic
efficiency 𝜂 = =>

ℎ = ℎ − 𝜂 (ℎ − ℎ )= 621 kJ/kg – 0.8*(621 kJ/kg – 450 kJ/kg) = 484 kJ/kg

Enthalpy of saturated vapor state in the condenser can be found from the saturated vapor line at
pressure p2,

hvap,l=321 kJ/kg

Vapor enthalpy at the recuperator outlet can now be solved (node 3)

h3=h2-(h2-hvap,l)*0.5= 484 kJ/kg-(484 kJ/kg-321 kJ/kg)*0.5 = 402.5 kJ/kg

Enthalpy of saturated liquid in the condenser (node 4) can be found from the saturated liquid line at
pressure p2 -> h4 = -58 kJ/kg.

Enthalpy rise in the feed pump can be solved when the pressure rise is known and the density at node 4
can be found from the diagram -> 810 kg/m3 (v=1/ρ),

( )
∆ℎ = = (0.0012 m3/kg *(3 000 000 – 40 000) Pa)/0.6 = 5.9 kJ/kg,

Enthalpy after the feed pump is (node 5) h5=-58 kJ/kg+5.9 kJ/kg=-51.1 kJ/kg.

Liquid enthalpy at the evaporator inlet h6 can be calculated by using the energy balance of the
recuperator
h6-h5 = h2-h3 -> h6 = h2-h3+h5= 484 kJ/kg – 402.5 kJ/kg + (-51.1 kJ/kg)=30.5 kJ/kg.

Heat rate to the evaporator can be solved, 𝜙 = 𝑞 , ∗ 𝑐 ∗ ∆𝑇 = 15 kg/s * 1.1 kJ/kg * 250 oC = 4125
kW

The working fluid mass flow rate can be solved when the heat rate and the enthalpy change in the
evaporator are known.

𝑞 , = = 4125 kW/(621 kJ/kg – (30.5) kJ/kg)= 7.0 kg/s

Turbine power is

𝑃 =𝑞 , ∗ (ℎ − ℎ ) = 7.0 kg/s*(621 kJ/kg – 484 kJ/kg)= 957.0 kW

Power consumption of the feed pump is

𝑃 =𝑞 , ∗ ∆ℎ = 7.0 kg/s * 5.9 kJ/kg = 41.4 kW.

The process net power is

𝑃 = 𝑃 ∗ 𝜂 − 𝑃 = 957.0 kW * 0.9 – 41.4 kW = 820 kW

The net electric efficiency is

𝜂 = ∅
= 820 kW/4125 kW = 19.9 %
Solution 2
Assumptions:

No heat losses or pressure losses


No superheating at the process

Enthalpy change in the feed pump is small ≈ 0 => Enthalpy at the evaporator inlet ≈ enthalpy at the
pump inlet

By using the given evaporation and condensing temperatures the enthalpy of saturated liquid in the
condenser and the saturated liquid and vapor state in the evaporator can be found.

Saturated liquid in the condenser hl,c(T=323 K)=262 kJ/kg


Saturated liquid in the evaporator hl,ev(T=403 K)=385 kJ/kg
Saturated vapor in the evaporator hv,ev(T=403 K)=485 kJ/kg

The enthalpy change in preheating part and in evaporating pat of the working fluid when compared to
the total enthalpy change inside the evaporator can be solved as:
Δhpre-heat/Δhtot = (385-262)/ (485-262) = 55.2 %

Δhevap/Δhtot=(485-385)/(485-262) = 44.8 %

Now the temperature of the heat source at the location where the pinch-point temperature difference
occurs can be solved (constant specific heat capacity, cp for the heat source is assumed):

Tpp=80oC + 0.55 (200 oC - 80 oC) = 146 oC.

The pinch point temperature can be now solved

ΔTpp=146 oC – 130 oC = 16 oC.

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